Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control

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Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control

• Developed by
• EOHSS- Scott Finkernagel, Biological Safety

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Introduction
Presented by Eugene G. Martin, Ph.D.
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Performing the Test
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Agenda Bloodborne Pathogens

• OSHA 1910.1030 Requirements
• Exposure control plan Every employer MUST have
  a ECP
• General methods of compliance
• Universal precautions
• Engineering and work practice controls
• Regulated waste, Blood spill kit
• Hepatitis B vaccination
• Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up
• Training and hazard communication
• Recordkeeping (medical records, training and
  sharps injury log)

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Overview -

• Human Blood has many pathogenic organisms, by
  complying with the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard ,
  occupational risk to exposure will be reduced.
• The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard focuses
  primarily on hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus
  and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which
  causes AIDS
• However, many other pathogens may be present in
  blood or body fluids. (Herpes, CMV,HTLV)

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UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

• All human blood, blood products and other
  potentially infectious materials are treated as
  if they were KNOWN to be INFECTIOUS

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EXPOSURE INCIDENT

• A work-related contact of blood or OPIM with the
  eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact
  skin, or parenteral injury such as a cut or
  needle-stick with a contaminated item
• (OPIM Other Potentially Infectious
  Material)

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Bloodborne Pathogen Definition

1. Blood - human blood, its components, and products
2. Human body fluids semen, vaginal secretions,
   cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural
   fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid,
   amniotic fluid, saliva in dental procedures, any
   body fluid that is visibly contaminated with
   blood, and all body fluids in situations where it
   is difficult or impossible to differentiate
   between body fluids
3. Any unfixed tissue or organ (other than intact
   skin) from a human (living or dead) and
4. HIV-containing cell or tissue cultures, organ
   cultures, and HIV- or HBV-containing culture
   medium or other solutions and blood, organs, or
   other tissues from experimental animals infected
   with HIV or HBV.

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Personal Protective Equipment

• Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an
  employee for protection against a hazard
• Examples
• Gloves
• Eye Protection
• Lab Coat

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Engineering and Work Practice Controls

• Personal Hygiene
• Specimen Handling
• Test Equipment Handling
• Cleaning and Disinfecting
• Use a freshly prepared 10 bleach solution to
  clean up any spills
• Dispose of used test materials in a Regulated
  medical waste container

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Work Practice Controls

• Work Practice Controls means controls that reduce
  the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner
  in which a task is performed (e.g., prohibiting
  recapping of needles by a two-handed technique).

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Regulated Waste Containment

• Regulated waste is placed into containers that
  are constructed to prevent leakage, appropriately
  labeled, and can be closed prior to removal.
  These containers must be lined with a red
  biohazard bag.
• liquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially
  infectious materials
• contaminated sharps

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Sharps Containers/Safety Device
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Hepatitis B (HBV)

• Major infectious bloodborne occupational hazard
• Most preventable
• HBV vaccine
• Engineering work practice controls
• Personal protective equipment (PPE)

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HBV - Vaccine Benefits

• 90 effective in adults
• Series of 3 doses
• No live components
• rDNA
• HBsAg
• Available to all employees at no cost

• Protection against
• Acute Hepatitis B
• Chronic effects
• cirrhosis
• liver cancer

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Procedures Following Exposure Incident

• Immediately wash affected area(s)
• Recover save the specimen refrigerate if
  possible
• Secure post work area, Notify Supervisor
• Follow Post Exposure Procedures in your Exposure
  Control Plan
• Immediate Medical evaluation and follow-up
• Testing, Post-exposure prophylaxis, when
  medically indicated

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Hazard Communication
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Summary

• BBP compliance issues for rapid HIV testing sites
• Any Questions

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Where to Get More Information

• Consult your labs Exposure Control Plan
• OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
  http//www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_docum
  ent?p_tableSTANDARDSp_id10051
• CDC guidelines on rapid HIV testing
  http//www.cdc.gov/hiv/rapid_testing/