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????????(?,

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Title: ( 1 Author: HamadaLab Last modified by: HamadaLab Created Date: 7/27/2005 6:37:06 AM – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ????????(?,


1
?????(???)?????????1
  • ?????

2
???????
  • ???????
  • ?????(????????)???????
  • ????????(?,ยต,s2)???????.
  • e.g. t??
  • ?????????
  • ?????????????
  • (????????????????????)
  • e.g. ?????????

3
??????????
??
????
?????
?????
4
???????
  • ??
    ????
  • ????? ?? ?????
  • ??????? SD 4????
  • 1???? t??(unpaired) ???????

  • ????
  • 2????(??) t??(paired) ???????
  • 2???? t??(unpaired) ???????

  • ????,FW?

5
???????
  • ??
    ????
  • ???? 1-way ANOVA KW
  • ????(paired) ??? Friedman
  • ???? Pearson Spearman

  • Kendall
  • ???? ???? Jonckheere
  • ???? Dunnett Steel
  • Tukey
    Steel-dwass
  • Willimas
    Shirley-Willimas

6
???????
  • ??
    ????
  • ?????? ???? ????
  • ???? ?? ??
  • ?1???? ?a ??lta
  • ??????? ? ?
  • ?????? ?
  • ???? ? ??
  • Nlt6 ?
  • ??????? ?? ?????

7
?????????
  • X1, X2, , XN ????F???
  • Y1, Y2, , YN ????G???
  • ????H0FG
  • ????H1F?G(????)
  • ????H1FltG(????)
  • ????H1FgtG(????)

8
?????E?????????????????????4??????
4???????E??(PM1100)
9
??(AM730)????????,????????.
121
118
110
95
90
34
22
12
10
(PM200)????????.?????E????????
121
118
110
90
34
95
22
12
11
8???4?????????????
  • 8C4(8765)/(4321)70??
  • ?????E? 4???????
  • 121 118 110 95 444
  • 121 118 110 90 439
  • 121 118 110 34 383
  • 121 118 110 22 371
  • 121 118 110 12 361
  • 121 118 95 90 424

12
?1 ?????????????????????E????????????????????????
?????.
  • Stem Leaf
    Boxplot
  • 44 4 1
  • 42 49 2
  • 40 36 2
  • 38 3 1
  • 36 01381 5
  • 34 001356812567 12
    -----
  • 32 58903578 8
  • 30 7578 4
    ----
  • 28 4575 4
  • 26 12245792347 11
  • 24 12567014679 11
    -----
  • 22 149 3
  • 20 9 1
  • 18 69 2
  • 16 38 2
  • 14 8 1
  • ----------------
  • Multiply Stem.Leaf by 101

13
(PM455)?????????439
121
118
110
95
34
90
22
12
14
?1 ??????????????????439???????2????2/70
  • Stem Leaf
    Boxplot
  • 44 4 1
  • 42 49 2
  • 40 36 2
  • 38 3 1
  • 36 01381 5
  • 34 001356812567 12
    -----
  • 32 58903578 8
  • 30 7578 4
    ----
  • 28 4575 4
  • 26 12245792347 11
  • 24 12567014679 11
    -----
  • 22 149 3
  • 20 9 1
  • 18 69 2
  • 16 38 2
  • 14 8 1
  • ----------------
  • Multiply Stem.Leaf by 101

15
?????????
  • 1.??????????.
  • e.g. ????????????????
  • 2.??????????????????.
  • e.g. 12111811090439
  • 3.permutation????????????????.
  • 4.????????????????????????(2/70).

16
??????permutation test
  • ???????????a??????
  • ????????????.
  • ?????
  • ???????????????????????????????????.
  • ???????????????????
  • ????????????
  • ??????randomization??

17
????????????exact test and permutation test
  • exact test(?????)
  • (distribution free)
  • permutation test(???????)
  • (randomization test)
  • permutation test?????????????
  • ?????????????permutation test

18
??????????(2N!)/(N!N!)
  • N ????? N ?????
  • 1 2 10 184756
  • 2 6 20 137846528820
  • 3 20 30 1.18264581017
  • 4 70 40 1.07507211023
  • 5 252 50 1.00891341029
  • 6 924 100 9.05485151058
  • 7 3432
  • 8 12870
  • 9 48620

19
????????????
  • ? ????? ?
  • ?? ????????? ??
  • 1)?????????????
  • 2)????????
  • 3)???????????
  • 4)????????

20
????????????
  • data ve
  • do group0 to 1
  • do i1 to 4
  • input y _at__at_outputendend
  • cards
  • 95 34 22 12
  • 121 118 110 90
  • proc freq datavetables ygroup/allexact pcorr
  • output outresult pcorr

21
?????????
  • FREQ????????
  • H0 ?? 0 ??????
  • ?????????????????? 0.2040
  • Z 4.0040
  • ?? Pr gt Z lt.0001
  • ?? Pr gt Z lt.0001
  • ????
  • ?? Pr gt r 0.0286
  • ?? Pr gt r 0.0571
  • PRINT????????
  • OBS PL_PCORR PR_PCORR P2_PCORR
    XPL_PCOR XPR_PCOR XP2_PCOR
  • 1 . .000031141 .000062281
    . 0.028571 0.057143

22
??????
  • Stem Leaf
    Boxplot
  • 44 4 1
  • 42 49 2
  • 40 36 2
  • 38 3 1
  • 36 01381 5
  • 34 001356812567 12
    -----
  • 32 58903578 8
  • 30 7578 4
    ----
  • 28 4575 4
  • 26 12245792347 11
  • 24 12567014679 11
    -----
  • 22 149 3
  • 20 9 1
  • 18 69 2
  • 16 38 2
  • 14 8 1
  • ----------------
  • Multiply Stem.Leaf by 101

23
?????????????
???N??????a1,a2,,aN ???n?????????X1,X2,,Xn
?????NCn Pr(Xai1,ai2,, ain)1/NCn ??
Xi??????X1?????, (Xi , Xj)??????(X1 ,
X2)?????????.(???????????) ?????????????.
24
????? ???n????
25
?????
  • ???????(???)???(???)
  • ????X???????
  • ?????

26
???????
  • X1,X2,,Xn????????

27
???????
28
???????
29
???????
30
N5???
  • (a1a2) (a1a3) (a1a4) (a1a5) (a2a3)
  • (a2a4) (a2a5) (a3a4) (a3a5) (a4a5)
  • (a1a2a3a4a5)2
  • a12 a1a2a1a3a1a4a1a5
  • a2a1a22 a2a3a2a4a2a5
  • a3a1a3a2a32 a3a4a3a5
  • a4a1a4a2a4a3a42 a4a5
  • a5a1a5a2a5a3a5a4a52

31
???????
X1?ai????X2?ai????????????????.
32
???????
33
????????
  • ????N???????,????
  • ??p1???,??1-p1?????????.
  • n?????????????????????
  • ?????????? s2np1(1-p1)
  • ???????????
  • ????????
  • ??????????

34
????
  • ????NN???????,????
  • ??0.5(p)?????????.10(N)???????????????????(Y)??
  • NN10,20,,100
  • ????1??????????????.
  • ????(???????)
  • EYNp5,VYNp(1-p)1.582

35
SAS?????
  • data data
  • p0.5n10
  • do nn10 to 100 by 10
  • do i1 to 10000
  • rnnp
  • yrand('hypergeometric',nn,r,n)
  • output
  • endend
  • proc means maxdec2var yclass nn
  • run

36
???????????
  • ????????
  • nn N ??? ???? ??? ???
  • --------------------------------------------------
  • 10 10000 5.00 0.00 5.00 5.00
  • 20 10000 4.99 1.15 1.00 9.00
  • 30 10000 5.00 1.31 0.00 10.00
  • 40 10000 5.00 1.39 0.00 10.00
  • 50 10000 5.01 1.44 0.00 10.00
  • 60 10000 5.00 1.44 0.00 10.00
  • 70 10000 4.99 1.47 0.00 10.00
  • 80 10000 4.98 1.50 0.00 10.00
  • 90 10000 5.01 1.50 0.00 10.00
  • 100 10000 5.00 1.50 0.00 10.00
  • --------------------------------------------------
    -

37
?? ????X???????????? ?????????????????
????? ???2????
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