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Attempts to Establish a Post-War Peace

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Attempts to Establish a Post-War Peace Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945) US (FDR), Britain (Churchill), and USSR (Stalin) meet in to discuss post-war plan for Europe while ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Attempts to Establish a Post-War Peace


1
Attempts to Establish a Post-War Peace
2
Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945)
  • US (FDR), Britain (Churchill), and USSR (Stalin)
    meet in to discuss post-war plan for Europe while
    war still on-going
  • USSR wants a friendly Poland and US/UK agree to
    recognize pro-Soviet/communist Polish govt. on
    the condition that free elections will be held
  • Allies divide Germany into four sections and
    determine that Soviets will NOT get war
    reparations, only trade goods
  • Declaration of Liberated Europe promise by
    Allies to allow all European countries to choose
    their own forms of government

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5
Cont.
  • USSR does not allow free elections in Poland and
    pressured Romania into communist government
  • FDR criticizes Soviet action but dies in April
    1945

6
Potsdam Conference (July 1945)
  • Meeting held after conclusion of war in Germany,
    but before end of war with Japan
  • Actions on Germany
  • USSR is taking machinery and reparations from
    their section of Germany
  • Truman refuses to give USSR reparations from
    other zones to allow economy to recover
  • USSR could get industrial equipment, but had to
    pay with food from Soviet section
  • Stalin makes it clear that he has no intention to
    allow for free election in Eastern Europe,
    especially CZ and Poland.
  • Soviets are made aware of the atomic bomb, and
    promise to help USA invade Japan.
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vTZ2Um7pZ-gc

7
Cont.
  • Plans for Japan
  • Japan is given ultimatum and does not respond
  • US drops bombs the week after the conference
  • A second bomb is dropped 3 days later without
    presidential approval.
  • Tensions between US and USSR increase and help
    lay foundation for the Cold War

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10
Iron-Curtain Descends
  • Presence of Soviet forces in Eastern Europe
    allows for creation of pro-Soviet communist
    governments
  • Eastern Europe dominated by Soviet satellite
    nations
  • Iron Curtain speech discussing divided Europe
    delivered by Churchill on March 5, 1946 in
    Fulton, Missouri
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vjvax5VUvjWQ

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12
United Nations
  • Discussion begin in Washington, DC in 1944
  • Agreed to General Assembly
  • Security Council with 11 members
  • 5 permanent members have veto powers
  • main countries fighting against Axis Powers
  • USA, USSR, Britain, France, and China
  • Formally chartered in San Francisco on April 25,
    1945
  • General Assembly votes on resolutions and budget,
    chooses non-permanent Security Council members
  • Security Council responsible for international
    peace/security and investigating international
    disputes and problems

13
UN 2011
14
Trouble at Home
  • Just like in WWI, returning soldiers had a
    difficult time finding jobs.
  • Production declines as supply of workers
    increases.
  • Strikes are also a major problem.
  • Industry no longer seen as a war effort, workers
    want more rights.
  • Truman was one of the most popular presidents
    ever at end of WWII, but its starting to decline.

15
Election 1948
  • Trumans approval rating bottomed out in 1948 at
    36.
  • Hurt by economic hard times
  • Democrats wanted to nominate Eisenhower
  • Divided Democrats
  • Truman supported civil rights and integrated
    military with executive order 9981.-Angered
    Southern Democrats
  • Ran against Thomas Dewey, popular New York
    Governor.
  • Republicans were making a rebound.
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vKytYJZnhA80feature
    relatedsafety_modetruepersist_safety_mode1

16
Truman makes a comeback
  • In the end, Trumans personality saves him.
  • Very personable in front of large crowds, an
    everymans man called his wife the boss
  • Makes a 22,000 mile train trip around country
  • Speaks at train platforms then moves on-could
    reach several hundred thousand in a day.
  • Earns nickname Give em Hell Harry
  • Dewey was awkward, in front of crowds.
  • Had little ideas on what he would do as
    president.
  • No presidential candidate in the future will be
    so inept that four of his major speeches can be
    boiled down to these historic four sentences
    Agriculture is important. Our rivers are full of
    fish. You cannot have freedom without liberty.
    Our future lies ahead
  • Lousivelle Courier Journal
  • Truman wins despite losing by every pre-poll
    count

17
1948 Election
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19
Has difficult Second Term
  • Becomes very unpopular when he fires General
    Douglas Macarthur.
  • General was a hero in WWII but disobeys
    presidential orders, crosses into China, and
    plans to bomb China with Nuclear Weapons.
  • Joe McCarthy attacks Truman administration in Red
    Scare Witch Hunt.
  • Opposed mandatory loyalty oaths, seen as soft.
  • Took control of private steel mills for war
    effort.
  • Saw it as his duty as commander and chief

20
Election of 1952
  • During Trumans 2nd term, the 22nd amendment is
    ratified.
  • Officially limits president to two terms.
  • Did not apply to Truman, but he decides not to
    run-opponent.
  • Former Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in
    Europe, General Dwight D. Eisenhower gets
    Republican nomination and easily defeats Adlia
    Stevenson
  • War popularity and Voter Fatigue all but assure
    Eisenhowers victory.
  • Washington, Jackson, Grant, Roosevelt,
    Eisenhower.

21
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