Words

1
Words

• Luddism
• Chartism
• Socialism
• Utopians
• Humanitarians

2
Housekeeping

• Your homework is due now.
• If you didnt do it, get it done.
• Your essay is due Friday.
• Report cards are being completed this weekend,
  not handed in assignments will be given a zero.
• If you need to know your grade or missing
  assignments, see me during tutorial.

3
Chapter 4Reponses to Classical Liberalism

• Social 30-1

4
Quick Review

• What led to Laissez-Faire Capitalism?
• What were some positive effects of Classical
  Liberalism?
• What are some negative effects?
• What was enclosure?
• Explain Inflation and the income gap?
• I dont want to talk about Philosophers again, I
  think you know it!

5
Industrial Revolution

• The Industrial revolution changed Britain.
• Society was based on Interventionist government
  and agriculture.
• Soon, it was based on Laissez-faire capitalism,
  manufacturing, and profits.
• High wages were not seen as profitable and were
  thus avoided.
• Government did not get involved in business.

6
A new monarchy

• The elite that grew from the new freedoms of
  liberalism soon held similar power to monarchy.
• People that once cried for freedom and the
  deposition of government now wanted government
  intervention and collectivism.

7
Improve quality of life

• The IR led to a massive gap between the rich and
  the poor.
• Wealth was distributed unequally.
• As always, if you put people down long enough
  they will rebel.
• Think about the French and American Revolution,
  the Oka Crisus, etc

8
Speaking out

• People soon began to speak out against the
  exploitation of power.
• Again working hours, child labor, etc

9
However,

• The government liked Capitalism and
  Industrialization.
• It had to do little work to keep it going and the
  people were taken care of.
• It felt that the employer would take care of the
  workers.

10
The Government

• The government did eventually change and new laws
  were put into place to protect workers.
• These range from Minimum Wage laws, Safety Laws,
  Working Hours Laws, etc
• These were new restrictions on Laissez-Faire
  Capitalism.

11
Factory Acts

• A series of laws passed by British Parliament
  during the 18 and 1900s that made life better
  for factory workers.
• Factory act of 1802 addressed child labour, among
  other things.

12
From the act of 1802

• The owner must clean the room twice a year and
  ventilate.
• Owners MUST obey the law.
• Every child must be given two suits for work.
• Children can not work more then 12 hours, before
  6 am, or after 9 pm.
• They must be given education in reading, writing,
  and arithmetic.

13
The Comparison

• Classical

• Modern

• Equality for all .
• Rights for all individuals.
• Government intervention to ensure people are
  cared for.

• Protect the economic rights of individuals.
• Maximum rights in business.
• People act on own behalf. Limited Government.

14
New ideas emerge

• Modern Liberalism
• Luddism
• Chartism
• Socialism
• Marxism

15
Luddites

• A Grassroots movement.
• Early 19th century.
• Skilled textile workers protested the new
  electronic looms.
• These could be run by low waged under trained
  people.
• Led by Ned Ludd.
• Disgruntled workers stormed and destroyed
  machinery.

16
Luddites

• Over a six year period, civilian armies (known as
  red dressers) broke into factories and destroyed
  over 200 machines.
• The ideology (Luddism) spread across the UK.
• The government responded and made luddism and
  crime (Punishable by death).
• 12 000 troops protected factories.
• One such attack ended with 10 luddites dead and a
  robber barons home being burnt to the ground.
• All luddites captured were deported or killed.
• Lets go back to the other slide and click on the
  picture!

17
Quick Question

• In its actions against the luddites, what main
  principle of classical liberalism was the British
  government protecting?

18
What we will do now

• In 6 groups.
• Luddites, Chartism, Classical Liberalism,
  Mercantilism, Utopian Socialism, Enclosure.
• What is each.
• What is one positive aspect
• What is one negative aspect
• Which Philosopher would agree with it, Why?
• Conceptualize it in a picture.

19
Chartism

• A working class movement in Britain that focused
  on political and social reform.
• Based on the ideas of people charter of 1838.
• Universal Suffrage for all men over 21.
• Equal electoral Districts.
• Secret Voting.
• Property rights changed.
• Pay for members of parliament.
• Annual elections.

20
Continued

• The peoples charter was presented to government
  in 1839 with 1.25 million signatures.
• It was voted down 235 to 46.
• Some protested and were arrested.
• Why might the government of the day want to vote
  down this reform?

21
Socialism

• As laissez-faire capitalism failed.
• People wanted to Co-operate in Society.
• People wanted the Income Gap to fail and wealth
  to be distributed equally.
• These social, Collectivist people became known as
  socialist.

22
Socialism

• Any ideology that believed that resources should
  be controlled by the public for the good of
  everyone.
• Value economic equality.
• Income Security.
• Employment and standard of living.

23
Early Socialist

• Robert Owen
• Factory Owner.
• Wanted to share wealth.
• Opened markets.
• Created Schools.
• Offered Health Care.
• Without workers, we have nothing.
• Raised wages, less hours, Tried to make the
  government socialist.
• He was defeated by government Interesting???

24
Utopian Socialist

• Thomas Moore wrote a book called Utopia.
• The word now refers to any imaginary perfect
  society.
• These Utopians were not pragmatic, they were
  idealist.
• Horace Greely, Saint-Simon, and Robert Owen would
  all have these ideals.

25
Back to Owen

• He eventually developed a massive textile company
  in a utopian community.
• New Lanark now a world heritage site.

26
MLA

• Author Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place
  of Publication Publisher, Year.
• Grenfell, Wilfred Thomason. Adrift on an Ice Pan.
  St. John's Creative, 1992.

27
Any More Questions Regarding the Essay?
28
Quick Review

• What are some ideologies that developed out of
  Classic Liberalism?
• What conditions allowed these to develop?
• Were the Luddites justified?
• Was the government reaction justified?
• Why general human flaw inhibits the development
  of a real Socialist Utopia?

29
What we will do now

• In 6 groups.
• Luddites, Chartism, Classical Liberalism,
  Mercantilism, Utopian Socialism, Enclosure.
• What is each.
• What is one positive aspect
• What is one negative aspect
• Which Philosopher would agree with it, Why?
• Conceptualize it in a picture.