Today's Agenda

1
Today's Agenda

• Bellwork
• Announcements
• Questions
• Bellwork Review
• US Citizenship Test
• Group Assignments
• Lecture

2
US Citizenship Test

• Lets Take Our First Test (No pressure, this is
  not for a grade, but merely for 'pre-assessment')
  -)

3
Principles of United States Government

• Students explain the fundamental principles and
  moral values of the American government as
  expressed in the Constitution and other essential
  documents of American democracy.

4
Our Standards Today

• Standard 1.0 Culture
• 1.1 understand the influence of natural rights on
  American culture.
• Standard 5.0 History
• 5.1 understand historical and modern examples of
  the concepts of limited and unlimited governance.
• 5.2 understand specific historical documents and
  institutions which shaped the principles of the
  United States Constitution.
• 5.6 understand the balance between the protection
  of individual rights and the general welfare of
  all citizens.

5
Group Assignment Time -)

• We will choose our groups via a draft. We will
  draw for four group captains and they will take
  turns choosing their group.

6
Standards

• Standard 1.0 Culture
• 1.1 understand the influence of natural rights on
  American culture.
• Standard 5.0 History
• 5.1 understand historical and modern examples of
  the concepts of limited and unlimited governance.
• 5.2 understand specific historical documents and
  institutions which shaped the principles of the
  United States Constitution.

7
Leading European Political Thinkers

• John Locke (Group 1)
• Charles-Louis Montesquieu (Group 2)
• Niccolo Machiavelli (Group 3)
• Jean Jacques Rousseau (Group 4)
• William Blackstone (Group 1)
• Alexis de Tocqueville (Group 2)

8
John Locke (Group 1)

• John Locke FRS, widely known as the Father of
  Classical Liberalism, was an English philosopher
  and physician regarded as one of the most
  influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Wikipedia
• http//www.iep.utm.edu/locke/
• http//www.johnlocke.org/

9
Charles-Louis Montesquieu (Group 2)

• Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et
  de Montesquieu, generally referred to as simply
  Montesquieu, was a French social commentator and
  political thinker who lived during the Age of
  Enlightenment
• http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/montesquieu/

10
Niccolò Machiavelli (Group 3)

• Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli was an
  Italian historian, politician, diplomat,
  philosopher, humanist and writer based in
  Florence during the Renaissance.
• http//www.historyguide.org/intellect/machiav
  elli.html

11
Jean Jacques Rousseau (Group 4)

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher,
  writer, and composer of the 18th-century. His
  political philosophy influenced the French
  Revolution as well as the overall development of
  modern political, sociological, and educational
  thought.
• http//www.iep.utm.edu/rousseau/

12
William Blackstone (Group 1)

• Sir William Blackstone KC SL was an English
  jurist, judge and Tory politician of the
  eighteenth century. He is most noted for writing
  the Commentaries on the Laws of England.
• http//avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/blac
  kstone.asp

13
Alexis de Tocqueville (Group 2)

• Alexis-Charles-Henri Clérel de Tocqueville was a
  French political thinker and historian best known
  for his Democracy in America and The Old Regime
  and the Revolution.
• http//xroads.virginia.edu/Hyper/DETOC/toc_i
  ndx.html

14
Preamble of the Constitution (Group 3)

• We the People of the United States, in Order to
  form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,
  insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the
  common defence, promote the general Welfare, and
  secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and
  our Posterity, do ordain and establish this
  Constitution for the United States of America.
• http//www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/con
  stitution_transcript.html

15
Standard

• 5.6 understand the balance between the protection
  of individual rights and the general welfare of
  all citizens.

16
Balance of Public Good and Protection of
Individual Rights

• As all the world now knows, Judge Shira
  Scheindlin has ruled that the New York City
  Police Departments stop-and-frisk policy amounts
  to a policy of indirect racial profiling that
  violates the U.S. Constitution. But how did the
  she reach this conclusion? The answer turns out
  to be pretty interesting. It involves a number of
  statistical studies presented to the court by
  expert witnesses for the plaintiffs (a number of
  New Yorkers who claimed to have been stopped and
  frisked without cause) and the defense (the city
  of New York). August 13, 2013 The Statistical
  Debate Behind the Stop-and-Frisk Verdict Posted
  by John Cassidy, New Yorker
• http//www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/johncassidy/
  2013/08/scheindlin-stop-and-frisk-verdict-new-york
  -statistical-debate.html

17
What is Stop and Frisk?

• The situation in which a police officer who is
  suspicious of an individual detains the person
  and runs his hands lightly over the suspect's
  outer garments to determine if the person is
  carrying a concealed weapon.
• One of the most controversial police procedures
  is the stop and frisk search. This type of
  limited search occurs when police confront a
  suspicious person in an effort to prevent a crime
  from taking place. The police frisk (pat down)
  the person for weapons and question the person.
• http//legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Stop
  andFrisk

18
Is It Fair? David Floyd v City of New York

• NYPD stops are significantly more frequent for
  Black and Hispanic citizens than for white
  citizens, after adjusting stop rates for the
  precinct crime rates, the racial composition and
  other social and economic factors predictive of
  police activity. These disparities are consistent
  across a set of alternate tests and assumptions.
• Blacks and Latinos are more likely to be stopped
  than Whites even in areas where there are low
  crime rates and where residential populations are
  racially heterogeneous or predominantly White.
• http//topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopic
  s/subjects/s/stop_and_frisk/index.html
• http//topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopic
  s/subjects/s/stop_and_frisk/index.html

19
Stop-and-Frisk Data

• In 2012, New Yorkers were stopped by the police
  532,911 times
• 473,644 were totally innocent (89 percent).
• 284,229 were black (55 percent).
• 165,140 were Latino (32 percent).
• 50,366 were white (10 percent).
• http//www.nyclu.org/content/stop-and-frisk-data

20
Pop Quiz!!!!

• A police precinct has 20 officers in its
  precinct, how many are assigned to a...
• a) Jimmy Buffett Concert?
• b) Ludracis Concert?
• c) Justin Bieber Concert?
• d) A Thomas the Fire Engine Show?
• e) The Ice Capades?

21
Imagine This....

• People complain about flying today, being
  searched at the airport.
• Imagine Living Like That Every Day of Your
  Life.....

22
Influence of Ancient Greece and Rome

• In the year 507 B.C., the Athenian leader
  Cleisthenes introduced a system of political
  reforms that he called demokratia, or rule by
  the people. Although this Athenian democracy
  would survive for only two centuries,
  Cleisthenes invention was one of ancient
  Greeces most enduring contributions to the
  modern worl
• http//www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece-democ
  racy
• At about the same time that popular government
  was introduced in Greece, it also appeared on the
  Italian Peninsula in the city of Rome. The Romans
  called their system a respublica, or republic,
  from the Latin res, meaning thing or affair, and
  publicus or publica, meaning publicthus, a
  republic was the thing that belonged to the Roman
  people, the populus romanus.
• http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157129/d
  emocracy/233830/The-Roman-Republic

23
Founding Fathers (Group 4)

• George Washington James Madison
• Thomas Jefferson John Adams
• Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton
• George Mason Gouverneur Morris
• Roger Sherman James Wilson
• Edmund Randolph
• http//www.constitutionfacts.com/us-founding-fathe
  rs/about-the-founding-fathers/

24
Other Readings

• The Social Contract by Jean Jacques Rousseau
  (Group 1)
• Letter from a Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther
  King, Jr. (Group 2)
• The Ballot or the Bullet speech, Malcolm X
  (Group 3)
• Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom, 1786
  (Group 4)

25
Primary Readings

• Magna Carta (Group 1)
• Mayflower Compact (Group 2)
• English Bill of Rights (Group 3)
• Two Treatises of Civil Government, John Locke
  (Group 4)
• Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson
  (Group 1)
• The Federalist Papers 1, 9, 10, 39, 51, 78
  (Group 2)
• U.S. Constitution (Group 3)
• Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville
  (Group 4)

26
The Social Contract

• Of The Social Contract, Or Principles of
  Political Right (Du contrat social ou Principes
  du droit politique) (1762) by Jean-Jacques
  Rousseau, is the book in which Rousseau theorized
  about the best way in which to set up a political
  community in the face of the problems of
  commercial society which he had already
  identified in his Discourse on Inequality (1754).
• http//etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Ro
  uSoci.html

27
Magna Carta

• Magna Carta, also called Magna Carta Libertatum
  or The Great Charter of the Liberties of England,
  is an Angevin charter originally issued in Latin
  in the year 1215
• http//www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_document
  s/magna_carta/

28
Mayflower Compact

• The "Mayflower Compact" was signed on 11 November
  1620 onboard the Mayflower shortly after she came
  to anchor off Provincetown Harbor. The Pilgrims
  had obtained permission from English authorities
  to settle in Virginia, whose northern border at
  the time extended up to what is now New York.
• http//mayflowerhistory.com/mayflower-compact/

29
English Bill of Rights

• The English Bill of Rights is an English
  precursor of the Constitution, along with the
  Magna Carta and the Petition of Right. The
  English Bill of Rights limited the power of the
  English sovereign, and was written as an act of
  Parliament. As part of what is called the
  Glorious Revolution, the King and Queen William
  and Mary of Orange accepted the English Bill of
  Rights as a condition of their rule.
• http//billofrightsinstitute.org/resources/educato
  r-resources/americapedia/americapedia-documents/en
  glish-bill-of-rights/

30
Two Treatises of Civil Government

• The Two Treatises of Government is a work of
  political philosophy published anonymously in
  1689 by John Locke.
• http//www.gutenberg.org/files/7370/old/trgov10h.h
  tm

31
Declaration of Independence

• On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress,
  meeting in Philadelphia in the Pennsylvania State
  House (now Independence Hall), approved the
  Declaration of Independence, severing the
  colonies' ties to the British Crown.
• http//www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/DeclarIn
  d.html

32
Federalist Papers

• Beginning on October 27, 1787 the Federalist
  Papers were first published in the New York press
  under the signature of "Publius". These papers
  are generally considered to be one of the most
  important contributions to political thought made
  in America. The essays appeared in bookform in
  1788, with an introduction by Hamilton.
  Subsequently they were printed in many editions
  and translated to several languages. The
  pseudonym "Publius" was used by three man Jay,
  Madison and Hamilton. Jay was responsible for
  only a few of the 85 articles. The papers were
  meant to be influential in the campaign for the
  adoption of the Constitution by New York State.
  But the authors not only discussed the issues of
  the constitution, but also many general problems
  of politics.
• http//www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1786-1800/the-
  federalist-papers/

33
Constitution

• We the People of the United States, in Order to
  form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,
  insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the
  common defence, promote the general Welfare, and
  secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and
  our Posterity, do ordain and establish this
  Constitution for the United States of America.
• http//www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitu
  tion_transcript.html

34
Democracy In America

• De la démocratie en Amérique is a classic French
  text by Alexis de Tocqueville. Its title
  translates as On Democracy in America, but
  English translations are usually entitled simply
  Democracy in America
• http//www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/toqueville/d
  em-in-america1.pdf

35
Letter from Birmingham Jail

• The Letter from Birmingham Jail is an open letter
  written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King,
  Jr. The letter defends the strategy of nonviolent
  resistance to racism, arguing that people have a
  moral responsibility to break unjust laws.
• http//www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/0
  4/martin-luther-kings-letter-from-birmingham-jail/
  274668/

36
The Ballot or the Bullet

• Mr. Moderator, Brother Lomax, brothers and
  sisters, friends and enemies I just can't
  believe everyone in here is a friend, and I don't
  want to leave anybody out. The question tonight,
  as I understand it, is "The Negro Revolt, and
  Where Do We Go From Here?" or What Next?" In my
  little humble way of understanding it, it points
  toward either the ballot or the bullet.
  Malcolm X
• http//www.edchange.org/multicultural/speeches/mal
  colm_x_ballot.html
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v0TKB3IYgEOg

37
Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom

• ... Jefferson wanted to be remembered for,
  besides writing the Declaration of Independence,
  was writing the Virginia Statute for Religious
  Freedom and founding the University of Virginia,
  
• http//www.vahistorical.org/collections-and-resour
  ces/virginia-history-explorer/thomas-jefferson?leg
  acytrue

38
Our Standards Today

• Standard 1.0 Culture
• 1.1 understand the influence of natural rights on
  American culture.
• Standard 5.0 History
• 5.1 understand historical and modern examples of
  the concepts of limited and unlimited governance.
• 5.2 understand specific historical documents and
  institutions which shaped the principles of the
  United States Constitution.
• 5.6 understand the balance between the protection
  of individual rights and the general welfare of
  all citizens.

39
Assessment

• Who was John Locke?
• What is a Social Contract?
• Name three (3) of our country's founding fathers.

40
Go to Your Groups

• We will now go to our groups and define
  assignments for each member of the group.