Beginnings of America

1
Beginnings of America

• European Settlements
• Spanish St. Augustine, Florida 1565
• Southwest Texas, New Mexico, Arizona
  California, Florida
• French Canada, Mississippi River, Great Lakes
•  
• Dutch New York
•  
• English East Coast

2
First English Attempts

• Sir Walter Raleigh sponsored the earliest English
  attempt at a permanent colony.
•  
• Lost Colony- Roanoke colony failed colony
  sponsored by Raleigh. All the colonists
  disappeared. What Happened? Round Robin
• John White he was the Governor of the Lost
  colony and left to gather supplies but was held
  up due to Spanish English war.
• Virginia Dare first European child born in
  America

3
English Colonies

• Virginia Company (joint stock company)
  Jamestown 1607
• John Smith one of the leaders of Jamestown 
• Hard times few workers, most were nobles,
  didnt know how to work
• Powhatan Indian tribe near Jamestown that
  struggled with colonist
•  

4
English Colonies

• starving time Period during the first winter
  when a large number of colonist perished from
  lack of food
•  

5
Jamestown

• More colonist came to help Jamestown workers
• 1st democratic govt House of Burgesses
  (representative democracy)
• Tobacco became cash crop or Virginias gold
• John Rolfe First to commercialize tobacco
  overseas

6
Jamestown

• Pocahontas daughter of the tribal leader,
  married to Rolfe
• Head right system Each new colonist was given
  50 acres
•  
• Indentured servants traded passage to America
  for years of service
• Slaves came to America in 1619 

7
Native American Conflict

• Desire for land led to conflicts
• Europeans feeling of superiority no
  intermarriage with Indians
• Fought wars with Powhatan Indians
•  
• Virginia becomes royal colony so that the Kings
  Army can protect them

8
Murmuring of Rebellion

• Indian dispute on the frontier
• Colonist ask for protection from Virginia
  Governor but were denied
•  
• Nathaniel Bacon led the colonist in a rebellion
  against the Virginia govt
•  
• Discontent 1st time the colonist showed their
  discontent with violence

9
More colonial issues with the king

• Henry VIII starts the Anglican Church to
  divorce his first wife
• Reformers want to rid the church of all Roman
  Catholic traditions
•  
• Puritans Wanted to purify the Church of
  England, individual and congregational control of
  religion

10
Pilgrims

• Separatist (Pilgrims) they wanted to practice
  their own religion
• Plymouth, Mass. 1620
• Mayflower Compact set up a direct democracy for
  the colony
• colony struggled but received food from Indians
• Thanksgiving, Squanto
•  
• William Bradford Pilgrim leader

11
Massachusetts Bay Company

• Puritans led by John Winthrop
•  
• City on a Hill Winthrop wanted his colony to be
  an example for the world
•  
• Church and State Believe that the church
  leaders SHOULD run the govt
•  
• Strict absolute adherence to the Puritan rules

12
Puritan Dissent

• Roger Williams believes in separation of church
  and state. Williams will be exiled from the
  colony
• Exile Williams fled and founded Providence, RI
•  
• Anne Hutchinson banished because of her
  individual worship belief, fled to RI
•  

13
Native American Issues

• Dissent disease, land and religion caused many
  disputes
• Pequot War, 1637 Massacre of Indians
•  
• King Philips War lots of deaths on both sides
  but colonists win and Indian resistance fades

14
New Netherlands

• Henry Hudson Englishman sailing for the Dutch
  explored the Hudson River and Hudson Bay areas
•  
• New Amsterdam Founded by the Dutch, offered
  religious freedom
•  
• New York English take New Amsterdam and change
  the name to New York
•  
• New Jersey Part of the New York colony will be
  divided into the colony of New Jersey

15
Rhode Island

• Founded By Roger Williams
• land peaceably acquired from the Indians
• based on religious freedoms that Williams
  promoted

16
Williams main Idea

• Separation of Church and State One of the
  fundamental principles of Williams, Church and
  State MUST BE SEPARATED
• Think pair share why would people like Williams
  want separation of church and state? Think of
  English past.

17
Connecticut

• founded by Rev. Thomas Hooker
•  
• Wanted more religious freedom than Mass. Allowed
•  
• Disliked the requirement of citizens to be church
  members
•  
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1st
  Constitution written in the nation

18
Pennsylvania

• founded by William Penn
•  
• Quakers Religious group who practiced worship
  without ministers and were pacifists
•  
• Philadelphia city of brotherly love
•  
• Fair because the people were treated fairly
  (even Indians) the colony thrived
•  

19
Maryland

• founded by George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
•  
• Catholics Maryland was established as a safe
  haven for English Catholics
•  
• Toleration Act guaranteed religious freedom as
  long as you believed in God

20
The Carolinas

• Royal colony named after King Charles
•  
• Charles Town became a major port city
•  
• Large slave populations
•  
• North Carolina created as a refuge for the poor
  and dissenters
•  
• Remained thinly populated until the mid 1700s

21
Other colonies

• Georgia founded by James Oglethorpe
•  
• Haven for debtors and served as a buffer from the
  Spanish
•  
• New Hampshire and Maine Founded by Puritan
  communities
• New Hampshire became a royal colony while Maine
  was sold to Massachusetts and remained part of
  Mass until 1820

22
Common Law

• The law created by judges when deciding
  individual disputes or cases.
• Common law changes over time.
• Statutory law is different.
• Statutory law consists of the acts of
  legislatures.
• These laws are set forth to improve civil order,
  clarify the function of gov, or codify existing
  laws.

23
Life in the Colonies

• Mercantilism system of nations increasing their
  wealth and power through trade and with colonies.
• English wanted a favorable balance of trade which
  meant they sold more than they imported colonies
  allowed this.
•  
• Social System unlocked the burdens of the
  social ladder with prosperity
•  maybe the beginning of the American dream

24
English Control

• What is the purpose of a colony. (colony
  Experiment)
• colonies were successful traders
• Lumber, furs, fish, grain, tobacco were sent to
  Europe
•  
• Large quantities of finished goods were bought
•  
• Parliament passes the Navigation Acts
  Restricted how and with who the colonist could do
  business

25
Seeds of Independence

• Glorious Revolution, England, 1688 Parliament
  becomes the dominant force in English govt
• Salutary Neglect Very loose supervision of the
  colonies. How might this embolden the colonies?
•  
• Lack of control led to self government
  religious, political, economic and social freedom
  abounds
•  
• John Peter Zenger Trial About colonial rights
  to basic freedoms (press)
• Navigation Acts- can only trade with Britain

26
Zinger Trial

• John Peter Zenger started publishing his
  newspaper, called the Weekly Journal, in 1733. He
  published cartoons making fun of the governor at
  the time, Gov. William Cosby.  Cosby was not
  happy and threw Zenger in jail. At the trial,
  Zenger's lawyers fought that he had a right to
  publish the cartoons because they were the
  truth.  People at the time thought the British
  government would side with Cosby, as British law
  said that people could not print things that
  found fault with the government.  But the jury
  sided with Zenger, the people in the courtroom
  cheered, and the right of people to print or tell
  the news, called the freedom of the press, was
  first established in the New York colony.

27
Immigration Concerns

• Lots of different immigrant groups and religions
  pour into the colonies
• English, Germans and Irish were the largest
  groups (resentment begins)
• Why were colonist concerned?

28
Cities

• Most were port cities Boston, New York,
  Philadelphia, Charleston
• Why do you think cities formed around port
  cities?
• Urban Problems Fire, clean water, waste,
  poverty

29
Slavery In America

• Slaves would replace Indians and indentured
  servants b/c they were stronger
• Triangular Trade Slaves-Sugar-Rum
•  
• Middle Passage The trip from Africa to the
  Americas harsh, nasty conditions
•  
• Slave Culture Dance, religion, slave resistance
  

30
The South

• Southern Society
• Plantation owners were top of society
• Small farmers were most of the population
•  
• Women The class role of the woman was more
  second class
•  
• Classes of People plantation men, other men,
  plantation women, other women, indentured
  servants, slaves, Indians

31
The South

• Tobacco (Va.), Pine Tar, Pitch (NC), Indigo (Ga.)
• large plantations dominate society
•  
• many more small farms
•  
• few towns and cities because of the agricultural
  lifestyle

32
The North

• diversified economy
•  
• harsher weather conditions
• Products food exports, lumber industry, ship
  building, iron making
•  

33
North

• not as much slavery
• crops required less labor
•  
• many house or dock labor
•  
• slaves had more rights than southern slaves
•  
• still considered less than human

34

• Round robin with your group 20 seconds to
  explain why the north and the south differed, and
  how they still differ today.

35
Colonial Women

• had few rights
• did many jobs on the farms of the region
•  
• only single women could own property or run a
  business
•  
• religion also helped to make women submit to men

36
Witch Trials

• 1692 Salem, Massachusetts
• Puritan community standards being challenged
•  
• Young girls accused people of being witches
•  
• The accused named other witches
•  
• Witches were often executed (torture)
•  
• Trials later suspended due to poor evidence

37
Enlightenment

• stresses the use of reason and scientific method
• John Lockes theory of human understanding
•  
• Led to many scientific discoveries (Ben Franklin)
•  
• Also led to increase education
• How might the enlightenment plant ideas of
  revolution.

38
Philosophy

• John Locke Natural rights (life, liberty,
  property) why was this changed to liberty?
• Social Contract an agreement between a people
  and their government to protect their rights
•  
• Baron Montesquieu Believed in the separation of
  powers of govt

39
Great Awakening

• a revival of the Puritan
• Jonathan Edwards Sinners in the Hands of an
  Angry God led people back to the church
•  
• George Whitefield New religious fervor, new
  denominations
• Education
• rate of education higher colonies than in England
•  
• religious schools
•  
• establishment of universities Harvard (1st),
  Colombia, Princeton, Yale, NC (1st
  Public University)