Organ donation is the process of removing tissues or organs from a live, or recently dead, person to be used in another. The former is the donor and the later is the recipient.

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Organ donation is the process of removing
tissues or organs from a live, or recently dead,
person to be used in another. The former is the
donor and the later is the recipient. People of
all ages can become donors.
What is Organ donation?
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NEED OF THE HOUR
In India 10 Lakhs need Organ Donation
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Historical Milestones

• IN INDIA
• In 1967 the first successful cadaver kidney
  transplantation in KEM Hospital, Mumbai was done.
  In 1994 the first successful heart transplant was
  done at AIIMS, New Delhi and in 1995 the first
  successful multi-organ transplant was done at
  Apollo Hospital, Chennai.
• Until 1997, only four hospitals in India were
  undertaking cadaver transplants. However, now
  more and more hospitals are taking up the
  programme.
• From 1995 to 2001 there have been a total of 426
  cadaver transplants in India including kidney
  (377), heart (34), liver (12), pancreas (2),
  lungs (1). This averages to just over 50 cadaver
  organ transplants a year.

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• A country with a population of over 1 billion
  people, India lags behind in the implementation
  of a cadaveric donation programme.
• Annually, while over 100,000 Indians suffer from
  End Stage Renal Disease, only a mere 3,000 are
  recipients of a donor kidney, of which only a
  small percentage are cadaver organs.
• In fact, the total number of patients who have
  received cadaver kidneys in India from 1995 to
  2003 is only 524, an abysmally small figure.
• The major problem now facing transplant surgery
  is a critical shortage of available organs.

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Type of donors Some organs can be donated by a
living person Almost all organs can be donated
by someone dead but this has to reach the
recipient within a few hours after the donor's
death. In case of live donation the donor
should give his consent. In case of cadaver
donation, relatives need to provide consent.
Organ Donation
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Voluntary Donation Everywhere organ donation is
voluntary Two voluntary systems include 1.Opt
In - Where the donor gives consent 2.Opt Out -
Where anyone who has not refused is considered as
a donorIn India we have the Opt in system,
while many western countries practice the opt out
system
Organ Donation
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Organs for Donation
Some of the organs that are commonly donated
,
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KIDNEYS
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EYES
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HEART
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LUNGS
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LIVER
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PANCREAS
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SKIN
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BONE MARROW
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BLOOD
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DONATIONS BEFORE DEATH

• BLOOD
• KIDNEY
• LIVER (1/4)

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From each cadaver organ donor 50 persons will be
benefited
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Pre-Transplantation Evaluation

• Blood Type (A, B, AB, and O)
• Rh factor does not matter
• Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antigens on WBC
  familial matching can be 100-50-or 0
• Crossmatch
• Serology for HIV, CMV, hepatitis
• Cardiopulmonary, cancer screening

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Recepient Qualification

• Most cases lt60 yr old
• Disqualified if
• Recent MI
• Active infection
• Malignancy
• Substance abuse
• Limited life expectancy from unrelated disease

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Diagnosis of Brain Death

• Pt suffered irreversible loss of brain function
  (either cerebral hemisphere or brainstem)
• Establish cause that accounts for loss of
  function
• Exclude reversible etiology

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Brain Death

• Ancillary Testing to Include
• EEG
• Nuclear scan
• Angiography for absence of cerebral blood flow
• - Brain death determined after 6 hr with
  cessation of brain function, 12 hr without
  confirmatory testing
• - Documentation

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In SPAIN, BELGIUM, AUSTRIA almost every Brain
Death patient will donate Organs
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Organ Donation after Cardiac Death

• Death declared on basis of cardiopulmonary
  criteriairreversible cessation of circulatory
  and respiratory function.

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Key Elements in the Process of Donation after
Cardiac Death

• Withdrawal of life sustaining measures
• Pronouncement of death from time of onset of
  asystole (usually btwn 2-5 minutes) 60 sec is
  longest reported time of autoresuscitation
• Liver within 30 min and kidney within 60 min

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Organ shortage - reasons Family consent, and
negative attitude contribute towards organ
shortage. This could be due to the following
reasons

• Religion
• Fear, ignorance and misunderstanding
• Legal aspects
• Media reports on scandals involving organ
  rackets

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Improving Organ Donation Currently organ
donation can be termed as a "crisis with a cure."
The following are some ways to improve organ
donation-

• Improved patient care to facilitate easier
  approach for organ donation, in case of patient
  death
• Trained transplant co-ordinators and grief
  counsellors
• Improved hospital infrastructure
• Qualified Intensivists and Surgeons
• contd..,

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Improving Organ Donation

• Increased HLA typing and cross matching
  facilities
• Improved facilities in packing,transport and
  retrieval of organs
• Supporting organization for networking and
  registry maintenance
• Effective use of technology to facilitate organ
  donation

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Role of society Society plays a crucial role in
transplant programme especially in case of
cadaver transplants. There is a urgent need for
increased public awareness regarding organ
donation and greater effort must be taken to
dispel public concerns regarding the same.
Organ donation can give a new twist to tragedy.
Remember "organs wasted are lives lost".
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ORGAN DONATION SAVES MANY LIVES
THANK YOU