Nonrenewable Resources

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Nonrenewable Resources

• Chapter 17

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Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels

• Objectives
• 1. List five factors that influence the value of
  a fuel.
• 2. Explain how fuels are used to generate
  electricity in an electric power plant.
• 3. Identify patterns of energy consumption and
  production in the world and in the United States.
• 4. Explain how fossil fuels form and how they are
  used.
• 5. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of
  fossil-fuel use.
• 6. List three factors that influence predictions
  of fossil-fuel production.

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Nonrenewable resources
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• Most of the energy we use comes from fossil fuels
• Remains of ancient organisms
• Limited
• Can harm the environment

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• Different uses of fossil fuels
• Transportation
• Manufacturing
• Heating and cooling
• Generating electricity

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Electricity

• Advantages
• Convenient, transports easily
• Disadvantages
• Difficult to store, other energy sources have to
  be used to generate

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How do we generate electricity?

• Electrical generators
• Change mechanical energy into electrical energy

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• Produced by moving electrically conductive
  material within a magnetic field
• Most use turbines

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Energy Use

• Everything requires energy to produce
• People in US and Canada use 2x more NRG than
  Switzerland or Japan (personal incomes are higher)

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• May have something to do with the way NRG is
  generated

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• US usage
• 38 Industry
• 27 Transportation
• 19 Residential
• 16 Commercial

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• Usage may depend on the following factors
• Size of country
• Cost of fuel
• Availability of resources

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How Fossil Fuel is used

• Coal
• Remains of swamp plants that were buried over
  millions of years ago
• Most reserves we have in US were formed over 300
  mya

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Coal Production
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• Oil and Natural Gas Formation
• Form from the decay of marine organisms on the
  bottom of an ocean
• Buried for millions of years, a lot of heat and
  pressure

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Environmental Effects of coal mining

• Damage to the Environment
• Changes landscape
• Waste pollutes streams and waterways
• Produces air pollutants (Sulfur)

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Petroleum

• Crude oil is pumped from the ground
• 45 of products produced are petroleum based
• Found in geologic features that can trap oil
• Faults, salt domes, folds

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• Damage to the environment
• Release of pollutants
• Smog, acid rain, global warming
• Oil spills

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Natural Gas

• CH4 (methane)
• Used to be burned off during oil production
• Cleaner burning

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Fossil Fuels and the Future

• 90 of all energy used
• By 2050 2X more will be used
• Oil production is up, but produced slowly

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• Oil deposits may still be found
• Ocean (costly)

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• oil reserves decrease, oil will be reserved for
  more essential uses
• rely on alternative fuels

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Whats left
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Nuclear Energy

• Objectives
• 1. Describe nuclear fission.
• 2. Describe how a nuclear power plant works.
• 3. List three advantages and three disadvantages
  of nuclear energy.

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• NRG generated from nuclear fission
• Uranium 235 is bombarded with neutrons which
  cause a chain rxn of other neurons being released
  as well as a huge amount of NRG

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• How a nuclear power plant works
• Uranium is bombarded and NRG is released
• NRG is used to heat water
• Water turns to steam
• Steam turns turbine
• Turbine generates electricity

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• Fuel rods contain small pellets of U 235
• Core contains Boron and Cadmium to help control
  rxn

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• Advantages
• Concentrated source of NRG
• No air pollution
• In a safe plant, produces less radioactivity than
  coal plants

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• Disadvantages
• Very costly to operate and build
• Storage of wastes
• Mining of U
• Safety (Chernobyl 1986 and 3 Mile Island- 1979)

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Problems with using nonrenewable resources