By Sara Preston, RN, LSN Licensed School Nurse

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• BySara Preston, RN, LSNLicensed School Nurse
• Adapted from
• MacNeil Environmental, Inc.
• And CDC

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Bloodborne Pathogens

• BBP are pathogenic micro-organisms that are
  present in human blood, and can cause diseases in
  humans Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Human
  Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIMs)
  include
• vaginal secretions/semen brain,
  joint, organ fluids body fluids with
  bloodvomit urine/feces

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Hepatitis Virus

• Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver.
• Different Types of Hepatitis A-E - HBV and
  HCV are bloodborne
• 60 to 80 of people with Hepatitis show no
  symptoms
• Hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis of the liver,
  which can be fatal.
• The Hepatitis B virus can stay alive outside the
  body for up to 14 days. HCV can stay alive
  outside the body up to 4 days.

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Hepatitis B Vaccine!

• Offered to employees in high-risk positions.
  Ask your School Nurse how to get started.
• 3 - Shot Series first shot next shot 1
  month later final shot 6 months later

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Hepatitis C

• There is no HCV Vaccine
• Symptoms None to flu-like that may require
  hospitalization

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• HIV destroys the immune system by destroying
  white blood cells.
• It takes 8-15 years for symptoms to manifest.
• HIV is not AIDS. When white Blood Cell count
  falls below 200 diagnosis is Acquired
  Immuno-deficiency Syndrome AIDS
• No vaccine, no cure yet- only prevention

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Workplace Transmission through-

• Accidental injury with a sharp object
  contaminated with blood.
• Open cuts, nicks, skin abrasions, even dermatitis
  and acne.
• Mucous Membranes of mouth, eyes, nose.
• Indirect transmission, touching a previously
  contaminated surface transfer to mouth, eyes,
  nose or open skin.

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Workplace Exposure

• Let your School Nurse and Administrator know
  right away if you have exposure to blood or body
  fluids at work

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Universal Precautions

• We are not able to tell which people carry BBP
  HIV, HBV, and HCV infect people of all ages,
  socio-economic classes, state, rural areas
  cities
• Many people carry infections without even knowing
  it
• Thus, treat all human blood/OPIMs as if they are
  known to be infectious

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Reducing Your Risk

• Personal Protective Equipment - equipment that
  protects
• Main exposure is to hands Gloves -
  disposable - free of flaws - accessible
• Other exposure through splash Generation
  (Use mask and eye protection and add
  gown/overalls/coveralls if wider exposure is
  possible)

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Sharps Containers

• Sharps are objects that can pierce the skin,
  like
• needles
• razor blades
• scalpels
• exacta knives
• pins
• saw blades
• glass

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Infectious Waste

• PUT IT IN A RED BIO-HAZARD BAG (available in your
  School Nurses office) IF
• Drippable
• Squeezable
• Pourable
• Saturated

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Reducing Your Risk

• Good hand washing!!!
• Sing Happy Birthday to You.TWICE!

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T Zone - Keep hands away from eyes, nose and
mouth
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T-Zone

• The most common Portals of Entry are the mucous
  membranes in our T-Zone
• Keep hands away from the mouth, nose and eyes,
  and many illnesses can be prevented.

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4 Principles of Hand Awareness

• Wash your hands when they are dirty, before
  eating and after cough/sneeze
• Never cough into your hands
• Never sneeze into your hands

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4 Principles of Hand Awareness

• If your hands do not smell clean, time to wash or
  use hand sanitizer
• Above all, do not touch your eyes, nose or mouth
  with your handsEndorsed by the AMA and AAFP
  (2001)

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Behaviors that we need to be aware of and curtail

• Rubbing touching nose, mouth
• Eye rubbing
• Nail or cuticle biting, finger licking, etc

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Hand Awareness

• People who are Hand Aware are much less likely
  to contaminate themselves, another person, or a
  surface
• How many times have you touched, or almost
  touched your T-Zone so far this hour?

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Bacterial count on surfaces

• 2.7 million bacteria cells/square inch on
  drinking fountains
• 33,800 bacteria/sq inch on a cafeteria tray
• 3,200 bacteria/sq inch on toilet seats

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Bacterial Counts on Surfaces

• 260 bacteria/sq inch on keyboards
• 740 bacteria/sq inch on telephones (unless used
  by many people then the rate goes way up)

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The Hand is Quicker than the Eye

• People unknowingly touch a contaminated surface
  or human and then transmit the organism to
  another surface, themselves or the students they
  serve
• People get sick, due to unconscious personal
  habits

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How Have Health Care and Educational settings
made a difference?

• Question basic beliefs about our part in the
  infection cycle
• Self and group assessment of behaviors and
  behavior changes

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Standard Precautions

• Assume that every person is potentially infected
  or colonized with an organism that could be
  transmitted in the school or home setting and
  apply the following infection control practices
  during the delivery of services.

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Standard Precautions

• Hand Hygiene
• After contact with potentially contaminated items
  (ex mouthed toys)
• After any contact with blood/body fluids

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Standard Precautions

• Respiratory Hygiene Cough Etiquette(Miss
  Medical Manners ?)
• Cover your cough tissue or into your sleeve
• Be a role model for kids and families

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Respiratory Hygiene

• Wash hands after coughing/sneezing
• Make sure tissues are readily available
• Dispose of tissues (bring a plastic ziploc bag)
• AND wash your hands!

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Cover Your Cough or Sneeze
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Standard Precautions

• Personal Protective Equipment
• Gloves whenever there is a skin or secretions
  concern rash, runny nose (wash hands before
  doning gloves and after removing gloves)
• Masks when appropriate to protect your
  student and/or to protect you

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Remember This!

• A little poop goes a long way!- Wash your hands
  well
• If it is wet or sticky, and it isnt yours, dont
  touch it

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Dos and Donts

• Dont even think about sneezing or coughing
  without covering up!
• Keep your hands in your lap or pockets, not in
  your eyes, nose or mouth

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More Dos

• Be immunized to save lives!
• Be wise Hand Sanitize!
• Be Cool Wash hands with the Happy Birthday rule!

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Ms Preston says

• If you are ill for heavens sake stay home
• If a student is too ill to be in class you know
  where to send them

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Questions ?

• Contact your School Nurse
• Silver Bay Karen Brostrom Ext 8108Two
  Harbors Sara PrestonExt 8212