Unit 9 Review

1
Unit 9 Review

• By Stephanie Sciturro-Smith

2
Popular Culture of 1975-1990

• Sports
• 1. American Football
• 2. Alpine Skiing
• 3. Aquatics
• 4. Golf
• 5. Badminton
• Fashion
• 1. Overalls
• 2. Disco Dresses
• 3. Straight or flared leg trousers
• 4. Short jackets
• 5. Spandex shorts
• Fads
• 1. Pet rock
• 2. 8 track tapes
• 3. Big teased hair
• 4. The Macarena
• 5. Pokémon

3
Popular Culture of 1975-1990 (continued)

• Toys
• 1. Fisher price bowling
• 2. Molly Moo Cow
• 3. Musical baby Ann Doll
• 4. Pocket Camera
• 5. Snap lock beads
• Arts
• 1. Rossellinis The Messiah
• 2. Andy Warhols Chairman Mao
• 3. Joan Miros Cantic Del Sol
• 4. Karine Percheron-Daniels The Last Supper
• 5.Takanobu Kobayashis Dog
• Music
• 1. John Denver- Leaving on a Jet Plane
• 2. Tony Orlando- Mornin Beautiful
• 3. Madonna- Strike a Pose
• 4. MC Hammer- Cant Touch This
• 5. Billy Joel- I Go to Extremes

4
Chart Pg. 1008
Resurgence of Conservative Politics Reagans Agenda The Busch Years
The Cold War promotes a strong foreign policy and an emphasis on minimal government intervention in economics. Cold War fears of communism encourage religious Americans to turn to conservative ideas. Barry Goldwater wins the 1964 Republican presidential nomination. The growth of the Sunbelt increases conservative support. Supply-side economics emphasizes large tax cuts. Reagans administration takes a strong anti-Communist stance in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. Reagan and Gorbachev begin new nuclear arms reductions. Military spending drives the growing budget deficit to record levels. Communism collapses in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The uncertainty of a New World Order replaces the dualism of the Cold War. The Persian Gulf War drives Bushs popularity to its highest level. A domestic economic recession weakens Bushs re-election campaign.
5
WaterGATE

• Vietnam War is still going on during all of this
• Richard Nixon is running for reelection
• Elected for 2 terms in office 68 and 72
• Long political carrier in office
• Checkers speech
• Bugging the National Democratic head quarters May
  28th, 1972 in the Watergate office building
• Who hired these people to do it?
• Approved by Nixons reelection said it was
  C.R.E.E.P
• What were the crimes of Watergate?
• Breaking into the DNC
• Illegal campaign corporations
• Bugging Daniel Ellsbergs psychiatric office
• One of the defense departments, architect for the
  policy in Vietnam, realizes he is wrong, cracks
  up and sees a psychiatrist, regroups and steals
  papers about Vietnam from the pentagon and has
  them published, Nixon tries to discredit him by
  breaking into his office and get papers on him
  saying he is crazy, but they get caught.
• His book was called the Pentagon Papers- show
  through documents the lies of Vietnam

6
Watergate (Continued)

• Crimes Continued
• Lying under oath about knowing any or all of this
  information
• The Watergate investigation held congressional
  hearings looking for the truth- at first everyone
  lied, including the closest advisors to the
  president, then burglars get convicted and it is
  shown that they are all lying and start getting
  inedited
• Watergate Tapes- Richard Nixon tapes every
  conversation in the oval office so he can write
  them in his memoir, and the people want his
  tapes. Nixon declares executive privilege and
  that he does not have to produce the tapes
  because of national security. He finally
  transcribes them and blacks out everything about
  National Security, but instead Nixon blacks out
  everything but the, and or swear words and the
  court says hand over the tapes, but 18 minutes
  was erased on one tape and they know he said it.
  Nixon blows it off and the advisors who were also
  liars say hes a liar for 2 years. Nixon is
  supposed to be impeached.
• Was he impeached?
• No, in July 30th, 1974 the Judiciary Committee of
  the House of Representatives votes to bring
  articles of impeachment to the house floor,
  before this can happen the president resigns
  August 9th, 1974.
• Pardon of Nixon by Gerald R. Ford- Ford is V.P.
  and tells the people that he is going to Pardon
  Nixon as many times as it takes
• We are such in a bad state that they should
  forget about it and move on
•  
• Denying any knowledge of the cover up of all this
  information
• Illegal bribes

7
VOCABULARY

• Inflation- When the value of a dollar is
  decreased or lost
• Embargo- Ban on trade made by the Government
• Stagflation- inflation including a stagnant
  consumer demand and increased unemployment
• Camp David Accords- President Carters peace
  treaty between Israel and Egypt that helped to
  achieve peace in the Middle East in 1978 many
  Middle Eastern countries opposed this
• Sunbelt- industrial region that developed in the
  South of California during WWII
• Moral Majority- A movement that made ministers
  register new voters who supported the
  conservative candidates
• Supply Side Economics- A economic theory that
  lowered taxes for individuals and corporations,
  which created higher tax revenue
• Mujahedeen- A person fighting for freedom it
  consisted of Afghan opposition groups that
  rebelled against the pro-Soviet Democratic of
  Afghanistan.
• Iran-Contra Scandal-when the U.S. during Reagans
  administration agreed to send arms to Iran
  starting an arms embargo
• SDI- The Strategic Defensive Initiative was
  created my President Reagan to use ground and
  space-based systems to protect the U.S. from
  attacks of nuclear ballistic missiles
• Yuppie- A young urban professional, referring to
  a financially secure upper middle class person
  between the ages twenty to thirty
• Challenger- NASAs second space shuttle orbiter
  to be in service it survived nine mission, but
  blasted a part right after killing the whole
  crew. This incident forced NASA to change the
  shuttles parts to single pieced parts, which were
  meant for the Challenger Shuttle in the first
  place.
• Rainbow Coalition- non-profit organization
  founded by Jesse Jackson it pursues social
  justice, civil rights, and political activism
• Tiananmen Square-In 1989 a group of students and
  workers showed demonstrations about democracy,
  but later on the government destroyed them in the
  Tiananmen Square
• Downsizing- Laying off Employees in order to
  reduce the companies size
• Silicon Valley- The time when San Francisco
  companies were making many silicon chips

8
Vocabulary continued

• Glasnost- A policy by the soviets that permitted
  discussion of political and social problems
• Perestroika- Russian word for political and
  economic reforms by the Soviet leader Grobachev.
  It also means reconstruction. It was argued to be
  the fall of communist political forces at the end
  of the Cold War.
• Stone Wall Riots- A Inn was raided by police
  officers because it was for the gay community
  and this was the start of the homosexual activist
  movements to make the world accept homosexuality
  more
• AARP-The American Association of Retired Persons,
  which was created in 1985 opposing cuts in Social
  Security or Medicare for senior citizens because
  they were influential in voting
•  

9
SPEECH

• I'm speaking to you tonight to give you a report
  on the state of our Nation's economy. I regret to
  say that we're in the worst economic mess since
  the Great Depression. The Federal budget is out
  of control, and we face runaway deficits of
  almost 80 billion for this budget year that ends
  September 30th. That deficit is larger than the
  entire Federal budget in 1957, and so is the
  almost 80 billion we will pay in interest this
  year on the national debt. Twenty years ago, in
  1960, our Federal Government payroll was less
  than 13 billion. Today it is 75 billion. During
  these 20 years our population has only increased
  by 23.3 percent. The Federal budget has gone up
  528 percent. Today this once great industrial
  giant of ours has the lowest rate of gain in
  productivity of virtually all the industrial
  nations with whom we must compete in the world
  market. We can't even hold our own market here in
  America against foreign automobiles, steel, and a
  number of other products. Japanese production of
  automobiles is almost twice as great per worker
  as it is in America. Japanese steelworkers out
  produce their American counterparts by about 25
  percent. Now, we've just had 2 years of
  back-to-back double-digit inflation -- 13.3
  percent in 1979, 12.4 percent last year. The last
  time this happened was in World War I. In 1960
  mortgage interest rates averaged about 6 percent.
  They're 2\1/2\ times as high now, 15.4 percent.
  The percentage of your earnings the Federal
  Government took in taxes in 1960 has almost
  doubled. And finally there are 7 million
  Americans caught up in the personal indignity and
  human tragedy of unemployment. If they stood in a
  line, allowing 3 feet for each person, the line
  would reach from the coast of Maine to
  California. We can leave our children with an
  unrepayable massive debt and a shattered economy,
  or we can leave them liberty in a land where
  every individual has the opportunity to be
  whatever God intended us to be. All it takes is a
  little common sense and recognition of our own
  ability. Together we can forge a new beginning
  for America. -President Ronald Reagan

10
Speech continued

• This speech discusses the economic crisis that
  the world was in when President Reagan was in
  office. It is described as a time just as worse
  as the Great Depression. The purpose of the
  speech is to inform the world of its economic
  standings at the time. The speech reviews that
  the budgets are down and the nation is in debt.
  As the population is increasing it is harder to
  feed all those hands and productivity isnt
  holding up against foreign countries such as
  Japan. Also Inflation has doubled causing taxes
  to increase and the amount of jobless people has
  increased. If the world is left with a huge debt,
  that debt is going to passed down to the next
  generation and they will struggle even more. The
  people must leave the next generations not with
  this debt but liberty to be whatever they want to
  be. America must start over and begin fresh.

11
Reagans policies and ideas

• Foreign Policy Peace through strength, relations
  with the Soviet Union, and a end to the Cold War

Confronted the USSR on 3 fronts Lower Soviet access to high technology and diminish their resources Increase U.S. defense to strengthen our negotiation Force Soviets to devote more economic resources of defense Supported Gorbachevs Glasnost, which ended the Cold War Redeployment in Lebanon, which finally came February 26th Invasion of Grenada 1983, posed a threat to the U.S. U.S. was victorious, appointed Granada a new government
12
CARTERS POLICIES AND IDEAS

• Foreign Policy Sought to modify what national
  security advisor Brzezinski called the United
  States hysterical preoccupations with the
  containment of communism in corporation the
  notion of human rights

He recognized and supported interdependence in third world and condemned right-wing dictatorships that were previously backed by the U.S. He attempted to make peace with the Middle East by resolving the Israeli-Arab problem. He also invited the Soviets to negotiate to.
13
70S POP/ FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC AFFAIRS

• 70s Pop Culture
• Saturday Night Live
• Brady Bunch ( 2 different family coming together,
  3 boys and 3 girls)
• Star Wars was a movie and a space program (good
  and evil)
• Jaws was a movie ( afraid to go to the beaches)
• Pet rock ( 4.00, name them and they didnt have
  to care for them)
• 1st Earth day celebration
• 1971 Ads for Cigarettes banned
• Mood Rings ( tells how you feel, without having
  to tell people)
• College students cramming themselves in telephone
  booths ( to be goofy and stupid)
• Shag Rugs ( got a rake with it so you could rake
  it and it will look fresh)
• Micro-processers come into calculators
• Personal Computer was invented in 1976 by Steven
  Jobs and Steven Wozinak
• Walt Disney World opens in Orlando 1971
• Life expectancy for a man is 67 and for a
  women 74
• Richard Nixon is first president to go to China
  after their Communist Revolution, proceeded by
  the ping pong team opening the doors of
  discussion

14
70S POP/ FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC AFFAIRS CONTINUED

• Major Events in the 70s
• Munich Massacre- 1972, summer Olympics, Israeli
  wrestling team was attacked and killed by
  Palestinians. During the rescue attempt all the
  hostages were killed and all but three of the
  hostage takers. Israelis hunted down the
  remainder and kills them. 11 athletes taken out
  of their rooms at gun point as a response to the
  Palestinians hating the Israelis.
• New Music Called Punk Rock- designed to insult
  all the glitzy rock and roll bands.
• Patty Hearst- kidnapped by a terrorist group,
  started to side with the terrorists. Hence the
  Stockholm syndrome. She joined her captures with
  bank robberies and she was arrested. When she got
  out she married a cop.
• Love Canal- Niagra Falls, NY an environmental
  disaster buried under a suburban neighborhood
  made everyone sick and in a massive lawsuit the
  government started a policy called the super
  fund, which holds polluters accountable for their
  damage.
• 3 mile island- Southern Pennsylvania a nuclear
  reactor started to melt down and was barely
  stopped before it exploded the entire land.
• New Age Religion- Scientology Eastern religions,
  Christian different answers for religious
  questions not bible based self exploration
• Disco Music- Dancing and instruments its own
  dance beat hated by many people that they used
  to collect disco records and blow them up.

15
THE 1980S

• Boycott summer Olympic games they are held in
  the soviet union, we dont go bc we are upset
  that they invaded Afghanistan
• Hostage taking in Iran u.s. embassy was taken
  over by a young anti-american in protest of our
  taking of the shah of Iran for medical attention
• Shah of Iran (our dictator) he was ruthless but
  he had a capital government and we kept him in
  power in order to get money
• Hostages held until the shah was sent back (held
  for 444 days)
• We send covert teams in helicopter to rescue
  hostages and they run into each other
• Iran-Contra Scandal our country took money
  designated to go to fight Iran and sent it to the
  Contras in Nicaragua so they could fight the
  Sandinistas (communists), done in an illegal
  manner (congress approved money for iran, not
  Nicaragua). Oliver North took full blame. Reagan
  earns nickname Teflon President, nothing sticks

16
THE 1980S CONTINUED

• Invasion of panama Operation Just Cause, we
  invaded panama because we considered their
  president (Noriega) a drug lord and a criminal,
  invaded to topple his government and make a
  better one.
• Grenada we invaded to protect American lives on
  the island and to fight Communists trying to take
  over the government American medical students
  were there and we did not want them to get caught
  up in a communist take over
• Mt. St. Helens erupts!!!!! In Washington State,
  killed 57 people. Equivalent to a blast 500 x
  stronger than our WWII atomic bomb
• Small Things that Changed America
• Gnarly, rad, dweeb, airhead, couch potato, like
  you know, grodey
• CDs!!!!!
• Rubics cube
• MTV
• Michael Jackson
• E.T.
• Ninja Turtles
• Indiana Johns
• 3D glasses
• Pete Rose got suspended (bet on his own team)
• Michael Jordan
• Kareem Abdul Jabar
• Carol Louis (get his track gold medal taken away
  for steroids)
• In-line skates
• World Wide Web

17
The 1980s

• Sandra Day OConnor first female Supreme Court
  justice
• ATT must break up only one company, government
  made them break up so there is competition
• Period of Extreme Conservatism- nation is tiered
  of saving the world and wants to celebrate
  Christianity

18
TEXT QUESTIONS PG 984

• 5. How did Christian Evangelists contribute to
  the growth of conservative national identity?
• By having their own television networks that
  reached out nationwide. Also they were considered
  to be televangelists which led the way to the
  Moral Majority where they could register people
  to vote who supported conservative candidates and
  issues. This helped with the growing of
  conservative identity nation wide because the
  ministers were branching out and bringing people
  in with their television shows and power to
  register voters for this cause.

19
Text questions pg984 continued

• Conservative Beliefs

Governmental power should be divided into different branches and split up between the state and federal levels to limit its ability to intrude on peoples lives If the government keeps track of the economy then it makes the economy less efficient resulting in less wealth and more poverty Religious faith is vitally important in sustaining society and that most social issues are from issues of morality and character
20
Text questions pg 984 continued

• 7. The impact of the migration patterns on the
  representation in the U.S. House of
  Representatives would be do to?
• -As the population growing in the sunbelt
  states the more representatives would have to be
  located in the southern half of the United
  States. More people moved south because the taxes
  were low, but since more and more people started
  to migrate to these states the taxes would level
  out with the northern states forcing the House of
  Representatives to have higher tax and
  threatening regulations

21
Text Questions pg 999

• 4. What were some of the New innovations of the
  space program in the 1980s?
• - Reusable Space shuttle
• - Space Stations, where astronauts could live in
  space for long periods of time to do research
• 5. Changes in Entertainment

Cassette tapes and walkmans made music portable Video Cassette recorders made it possible to view movies at home whenever people wanted Cable and Satellite TV offered many more programs to view Call-in TV shows were now offered, where you could call into the show and be broadcasted live on it

22
Text questions pg 1006

• 5. The U.S. and its Western allies finally
  achieved victory in the Cold War by?
• By cooperation with Gorbachevs glasnost, or
  openness, which spread to eastern Europe.
  Glasnost made it possible to bulldoze the Berlin
  wall down and unite East and West Germany. The
  two sides were no longer split by the iron
  curtain, but intertwined and at peace.
• 7. Which nations have large oil sources?
• Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Saudi Arabia

23
Foreign policy

• FORD
• Fords Policy and Ideas were focused on the
  nations interests. Before he became president
  his ideas were focused on political civility and
  bi-partnerships. He was very good at addressing
  these issues. He was committed to start back up
  with a progressive route. He was an honest person
  sharing what he thought about the War in Iraq. He
  stated that we should never have fought it,
  because we have already lost. He also focused
  that the nation needs to be of good health and
  not of poor.
• He created an Ideas Primary, which discussed
  Keeping America safe, giving America the tools to
  compete, holding government accountable for
  results, creating the hybrid energy economy,
  Making America the most pro-family country on
  earth, and ending poverty for all who work. He
  chose these because of Buschs administration did
  a poor job in his eyes.
• Education for All Handicapped Children Act
  Required all Public schools accepting federal
  funds to provide equal access education for
  children with both mental and physical
  disabilities. The schools evaluated the disabled
  children and created learning plans that were as
  close as they could to what non-handicapped
  students were learning.
• Whip Inflation Now An attempt to achieve a
  grassroots movement to destroy inflation.It
  encouraged people to save and not spend as much
  as they usually do. People who supported this
  wore pins that said WIN on them.

24
FOREIGN POLICY CONTINUED

• CARTER
• United States Department of Education A cabinet
  level department of the U.S. government. It
  consisted of the Department of Education
  Organization Act, which divided the Department of
  Health, Welfare, and Education into the
  Department of Education and the Department of
  Health and Human Services.
• Energy Policy- he stated that it would be a moral
  equivalent of war, but will be uniting efforts
  not destroying them. In 1973 the lack of energy
  was at its worst point in time. Focused on the
  issue of running out of oil and gas to where we
  needed to conserve it.

25
FOREIGN POLICY CONTINUED

• REAGAN
• Reaganomics- Supply side economics focusing on
  huge tax cuts, encouraging people to become
  entrepreneurs to limit the growth of social
  spending and reduce inflation. It had a strong
  recovery and helped Reagan to win re-election.
• Tax Cuts- affected the U.S by doubling the
  federal revenue, income tax increased, and the
  federal revenues only declined slowly after that.
  The tax cuts did not necessarily help, but in
  fact they drained the treasury.

26
EXTRA CREDIT (DIFFRENCES BETWEEN THE 1960s and
1980s
1960s 1980s
Drive in theatres Focused on Equality Hippie culture Religious movements Blues Jazz Violence -VCRs to watch movies at home -Focused on Social and Economic issues -Conservative culture -Space Program -Cable TV Call-in TV shows Disco Start of Peace
27
References

• Appleby, J., Brinkley, A., Broussard, A.,
  McPherson, J., Ritchie, D. (2005). The American
  Vision.
• New York, NY. The McGraw- Hill
• 1975 Sports. Wikipedia. Retrieved 23 March,
  2010. lthttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_in_sports
  gt.
• 1990 Sports. Wikipedia. Retrieved 23 March,
  2010.lt http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_in_sports
  gt.
• 1975 Fashion. Retrieved 23 March, 2010. lt
  http//www.paperpast.com/html/1975_fashion.htmlgt.
• 1990 Fashion. Retrieved 23 March, 2010.
  lthttp//www.buzzle.com/articles/1990s-fashion-
• trends.htmlgt.
• 1975 Fads. Retrieved 23 March, 2010.
  lthttp//www.super70s.com/super70s/culture/fads/pet
  _rocks.aspgt.
• 1975 Fads. Retrieved 23 March, 2010.
  lthttp//ehhs1975.blogspot.com/2006/03/1970s-fads-f
  ashions-and-other-faux-pas.htmlgt.
• 1990 Fads. Retrieved 23 March, 2010.
  lthttp//www.crazyfads.com/90s.htmgt.
• 1975 and 1990 Toys. Retrieved 24 March, 2010.
  lthttp//www.thisoldtoy.com/L_FP_Set/T_year-

28
REFERENCES (CONTINUED)

• 1975 Art. Retrieved 24 March, 2010.
  lthttp//www.cheap-posters.co.uk/arts-crafts/chairm
  an-mao-1975-art-print-poster-by-andy-warhol-68cm-x
  -83cm-for-just-a40-00-at-artrepublic/gt.
• 1975 Art. Retrieved 24 March, 2010.
  lthttp//www.easyart.com/art-prints/Joan-Miro/Canti
  c-del-sol,-1975-33190.htmlgt.
• 1975 Art. Retrieved 24 March, 2010.
  lthttp//artsandfaith.com/index.php?showtopic470gt.
  
• 1990 Art. Retrieved 24 March, 2010.
  lthttp//fineartamerica.com/watermark.html?id56384
  5gt.
• Paintings of the 1990s. Retrieved 24 March,
  2010.
• lthttp//www.artmonthly.org.au/images/artnotes/192
  _Asia_n.jpggt.
• 1975 Music. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
  lthttp//www.rateitall.com/t-19928-top-10-artists-o
  f-1975-vs-top-10-artists-of-1979.aspxgt.
• 1990 Music. Retrieved 24 March, 2010.
• lthttp//www.mtv.com/music/yearbook/index.jhtml?co
  ntentId1535942gt.

29
Resources continued

• Dictionary.com. Retrieved 14 April, 2010.
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• Silicon Valley. Wikipedia. Retrieved 14, 2010.
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• SDI. Wikipedia .Retrieved 14 April, 2010. lt
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• Carters Foreign Policy. Retrieved 25 April,
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30
REFERENCES CONTINUED

• President Fords Policies and Ideas. Retrieved
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  ress- releases/07/ford-tribute-letter.htmlgt.
• President Fords Policies and Ideas, Retrieved
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  kaid131sub id192contentid254231gt.
• Education for All Handicapped Children Act.
  Wikipedia. Retrieved 16 April,
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  All _Handicapped_Children_Actgt
• Whip Inflation Now. Wikipedia. Retrieved 16
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  flat ion_nowgt.

31
References continued

• US Department of Education .Wikipedia.
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