Recovery and Rebirth:

1
Chapter 12
Recovery and Rebirth The Age of the Renaissance
2
p. 340
3
The Causes of the Renaissance

• Because of the Crusades, and the new trade
  routes, contact with more advanced civilizations
• The Church, due to the scandals that occurred,
  lost much of its power
• Due to trade, the middle class grew, and people
  began to accumulate vast sums of money..
• Competition between wealthy people for status led
  to developments in education and art, Patronage

4
Meaning and Characteristics of the Italian
Renaissance

• Renaissance Rebirth
• An essential element of the Renaissance was the
  beginning of humanism, which glorified the
  culture of Ancient Greece and Rome.
• Urban Society
• Emphasis on individual ability

5
The Making of Renaissance Society

• Economic Recovery
• Italian cities lose economic supremacy
• Hanseatic League- economic and defensive
  confederation of free towns in northern Germany
• Manufacturing
• Textiles, Printing, Mining and Metallurgy
• Banking
• Florence and the Medici

6
p. 343
7
Social Changes in the Renaissance

• The Nobility
• Reconstruction of the Aristocracy
• Aristocracy 2 3 percent of the population
• Baldassare Castiglione (1478 1529)
• The Book of the Courtier (1528) it describes the
  conduct of the perfect courtier, the qualities of
  a noble lady,

8
Peasants and Townspeople

• Peasants
• Peasants 85 90 percent of population
• Decline of manorial system and serfdom
• Urban Society
• Patricians
• Petty politicians, shopkeepers, artisans, guild
  masters, and guildsmen
• The Poor and Unemployed
• Slaves

9
Family and Marriage in Renaissance Italy

• Arranged Marriages
• Father-husband head of family
• Wife managed household
• Childbirth
• Sexual Norms

10
p. 346
11
Italian States in the Renaissance

• Five Major Powers
• Milan
• Venice
• Florence
• The Medici
• The Papal States (Rome)
• Kingdom of Naples
• The Role of Women
• France and Spain fight over the peninsula
• Modern diplomatic system

12
Map 12-1, p. 348
13
p. 349
14
Chronology, p. 351
15
Machiavelli and the New Statecraft

• Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 1527)
• The Prince- is a handbook for rulers, he
  suggested that ruthless cunning is appropriate to
  the conduct of government Machiavellian has come
  to mean deceitful, unscrupulous, and
  manipulative.
• Acquisition, maintenance and expansion of
  political power

16
p. 351
17
The Four Aspects of Humanism

• Admiration and emulation of the Ancient Greeks
  and Romans.
• Philosophy of enjoying this life, instead of just
  waiting for the next one.
• The glorification of humans and the belief that
  individuals are can do anything.
• The belief that humans deserved to be the center
  of attention

18
Italian Renaissance Humanism

• Humanism based on Greco-Roman literature
• Petrarch (1304 1374) He strongly advocated the
  continuity between Classical culture and the
  Christian messageCivic Humanism Florence
• Leonardo Bruni (1370 1444) first modern
  historian
• New Cicero (from this we get the word humanism)
• Humanism and Philosophy
• Marsilio Ficino (1433 1499)
• Translates Platos dialogues
• Synthesis of Christianity and Platonism
• Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463 1494)
• Oration on the Dignity of Man ("Manifesto of the
  Renaissance".)

19
Education The Impact of Printing

• Education in the Renaissance
• Liberal Studies history, moral philosophy,
  eloquence (rhetoric), letters (grammar and
  logic), poetry, mathematics, astronomy and music
• Education of Women
• Aim of Education was to create a complete citizen
• Francesco Guicciardini- best known for his
  history of Italy, which covers the period from
  1492 to 1532
• The Impact of Printing
• Johannes Gutenberg
• Movable type (1445 1450)
• Gutenbergs Bible (1455 or 1456)
• The Spread of Printing

20
Characteristics of Renaissance Art

• - Emulation of the Ancient Greeks and Romans.
• - Good use of depth in paintings.
• - Linear (further away smaller) and atmospheric
  (further away hazier) perspective.
• - Paintings began to have more detailed
  backgrounds.
• - Not necessarily religious, more focus on
  earthly themes and humans.
• - More realistic, geometrically precise and
  mathematically accurate.
• - Subjects showing signs of more emotion.
• - Contraposto posture, in which the subject is
  shifting his or her balance.

21
The Artistic Renaissance

• Donato di Donatello (1386 1466)
• David
• Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 1446)
• Church of San Lorenzo
• Botticelli (1445-1510)
• Primavera and Birth of Venus
• Leonardo da Vinci (1452 1519)
• Last Supper and Mona Lisa
• Raphael (1483 1520)
• School of Athens
• Michelangelo (1475 1564)
• The Sistine Chapel and The David

22
p. 359
23
p. 359
24
p. 360
25
p. 360
26
p. 361
27
p. 361
28
p. 362
29
p. 363
30
p. 363
31
The Northern Artistic Renaissance

• Jan van Eyck (c. 1380 1441)
• Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride
• Albrecht Dürer (1471 1528)
• Adoration of the Magi
• Music in the Renaissance
• Guillaume Dufay

32
p. 365
33
p. 366
34
The European State in the Renaissance

• The Renaissance State in Western Europe
• France
• Louis XI the Spider King (1461 1483) gains
  French territory
• England
• War of the Roses (The House of Lancaster (red
  rose) verses the House of York (white rose))
• Henry VII Tudor (1485 1509) Henry Tudor, Duke
  of Richmond, defeated the last Yorkish king,
  Richard III, and established the new Tudor
  dynasty
• Abolished private armies of the aristocrats
• Established the Court of Star Chamber which did
  not use juries and permitted torture to extract
  confessions
• Use diplomacy to avoid wars
• Kept taxes low Henry VII Stabilized England and
  raises her status

35
The European State in the Renaissance

• Spain
• After the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula from
  the Muslims, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of
  Aragon were married Unification of Castile and
  Aragón
• They reorganized the military and created and
  built the best army in Europe by the 16th century
• Religious uniformity The two Most Catholic
  monarchs had achieved absolute religious
  orthodoxyto be Spanish was to be Catholic This
  would cause the
• The Inquisition Converts were effected
• they expelled all Jew and Muslims
• Conquest of Granada They attack and expel all
  Muslims from Spain and unify the country

36
Central and Eastern

• Central Europe The Holy Roman Empire
• Habsburg Dynasty Through marriages, the Hapsburgs
  gained international power
• Maximilian I (1493 1519) Charles, Maximilians
  grandson, became heir to the Habsburg,
  Burgundian, and Spanish lines, making him the
  leading monarch of his age
• The Struggle for Strong Monarchy in Eastern
  Europe
• Poland- Different ethnic and religious groups
  could not get along
• Hungary-Hungary became one of the most
  significant countries in Europe under King
  Matthias Corvinus, Broke the power of the wealthy
  lords, Patronized the humanist culture and
  Brought Italian scholars and artists to his
  capital

37
Central and Eastern

• Russia Since the 13th century, Russia had been
  under the domination of the Mongols
• Ivan III (1462-1505) was able to take advantage
  of dissention within the Mongols to through off
  their yoke by 1480

38
Ottoman Empires

• Eastern Europe was increasingly threatened by the
  Ottoman Empire
• The Byzantine Empire had served as a buffer
  between the Muslim Middle East and the Latin West
  for centuries
• The Empire was weakened by the sack of
  Constantinople in 1204
• The threat of the Ottomans finally doomed the
  Byzantine Empire
• Constantinople falls to the Turks (1453

39
Map 12-2, p. 367
40
Map 12-3, p. 368
41
Chronology, p. 370
42
The Church in the Renaissance

• The Problem of Heresy and Reform
• John Hus (1374 1415)
• Urged the elimination of worldliness and
  corruption of the clergy
• Burned at the stake (1415)
• Church Councils
• The Papacy
• The Renaissance Papacy
• Julius II (1503 1513)
• Warrior Pope
• Nepotism
• Patrons of Culture
• Leo X (1513 1521)

43
Chronology, p. 373
44
Timeline, p. 374