Identity Based Cryptosystem - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Identity Based Cryptosystem

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Title: Identity Based Cryptosystem


1
Identity Based Cryptosystem
  • ??

2
?? ???
Cryptanalyst Adversary
M?
K?
E
D
Insecure Channel
Plaintext M
Ciphertext C
Plaintext M
Key Kenc
Key Kdec
DK(C) M
C EK(M)
3
??? ?? vs ??? ??
  • ??? ??
  • Kenc Kdec
  • ?? ??? ???.
  • ??? ??
  • Kenc ? Kdec (Kenc ???, Kdec ???)
  • ?? ??? ???.
  • ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????

4
??? ??? ???
  • ? ?? ??
  • n? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? nC2 n(n-1)/2
  • ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????. ??? ???? ???? ??
    ?? ??? ??
  • ??? ????
  • n? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? 2n ?
  • ? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??

5
??? ??? ????
  • ????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????
  • A? ???? KA ?? ?? ?? ?????
  • CA (Certificate Authority)
  • ?????
  • ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????
  • ??

6
??? ??
  • 1984? Shamir? ID?? ??? ??
  • ???? ???? (???? ??? ? ?? ??)? ???? ????!
  • ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????!
  • ???, ???
  • 2001? Boneh? Franklin? ???? ?? ?????? ????, ID ??
    ??????? ???
  • 17? ?? ??? ??!

7
?? ??
master secret
publicparams
KeyServer (KGC)
bob_at_b.com
bob_at_b.com
alice_at_a.com
8
?? ??
KeyServer
Fully off-line - no connection to server required
bob_at_b.com
bob_at_b.com
charlie_at_c.com
9
?? ??
Master Secret s
1872361923616378
1872361923616378
Key Server
Request for Private Key for Identity bob_at_b.com
10
???!
  • ?????
  • ??? ???? ?? ??
  • ??? ?????? ???
  • ???? ??? ??? ????, ? ??? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??? ?
    (??????)
  • ?? ??? ???
  • ??? ???
  • eA?B?C ? ???,
  • e(aP,bQ) e(P,Q)ab ? ???? ??
  • ?? Weil pairing, Tate pairing ?

11
Boneh-Franklin IBE
  • Use the elliptic curve group we already defined
  • Choose arbitrary P?E/Fp of order q
  • Pick random s?Zq and set Ppub sP
  • Choose hash functions
  • H Fp2 ?0,1n
  • G 0,1?Fp
  • Message space M 0,1n, ciphertext space is C
    E/Fp0,1n
  • System parameters are ltp, n, P, Ppub, G, Hgt.
    Master-key is s.

12
Boneh-Franklin IBE
  • Extract (get private key from ID)
  • Use MapToPoint to map ID to a point QID
  • Private key corresponding to ID is dID sQID
  • Encrypt (encrypt M with ID)
  • Use MapToPoint to map ID to a point QID
  • Choose random r ? Zq
  • C ltrP, M?H(gIDr)gt where gID ê(QID,Ppub) ? Fp2

13
Boneh-Franklin IBE
  • Decrypt (decrypt C ltU,Vgt)
  • If U is not a point of order q, reject the
    ciphertext
  • Otherwise, M V ? H(ê(dID, U))
  • Why M can be recovered?
  • ê(dID, U) ê(sQID, rP) ê(QID, P)sr ê(QID,
    Ppub)r gIDr
  • V ? H(ê(dID, U)) M?H(gIDr)? H(gIDr) M

14
ID ?? ??? ???
  • KGC? ?? ?? ?? ??!
  • ??? KGC? ???? ???
  • ????? ??!
  • ??? ???? ??!
  • ??? ????
  • Certificateless Public Key Cryptosystem
  • KGC? ????

15
Provable Security
  • ??

16
??
  • ??? ??? ???? ?????.
  • ??? ???? ???? ?, ??? ?????

17
?? ??? ??
  • Substitution? Permutation? ??? ??? ?????,
  • ????? ??? ??? ???? ??
  • ??? ???? ??!

18
?? ??
  • ??? ?? ??
  • ?? ??? ????, ????? ????? ???.
  • ???, ? ??? ??? ?? ??. ??? ?? ??? ??? ????.

19
??, ??? ???
  • ??? ?????? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ????? ????.

20
??? ???
  • ??? ??
  • Computationally hard problem
  • Hard to solve the problem in polynomial time
  • Hard to find a polynomial time algorithm which
    solves the problem
  • ??? ?? ???? (PPT, Polynomial Time Algorithm)
  • ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????

21
?? ????
  • ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???
    ?????(asymptotically) ??? ??? ???? ??

22
????? ???
  • ????? ?????
  • Knerkhoff ??? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ???? ???. ?????
    ??? ?? ??? ???? (security parameter)?? ???. ??
    ???? ??? ????? 1k?? ??. ???
  • k??

23
?????
  • ??? ????? ??? ???
  • ?? ???? ???, ?????
  • ???!
  • ???? ??

24
??? ??
  • ??? ??? ??? ???.
  • ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???.
  • ?? ?? (security goal)
  • ???? ?? (adversarial model)

25
?? ??? ??
  • ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???
  • ?????? indistinguishability (IND)
  • ???? non-malleability (NM)

26
??? ??? ??
  • ?? ?? ??
  • Chosen Plaintext Attack (CPA)
  • ?? ??? ??
  • Chosen Ciphertext Attack (CCA1)
  • ??? ?? ??? ??
  • Adaptively Chosen Ciphertext Attack (CCA2, ACCA)

27
??? ?? ??
  • ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ????.
  • ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? IND-CCA
  • ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????
  • IND-CCA2? NM-CCA2 ??. ? ?? ??? ??? ?????. (1996?,
    Bellare ?)

28
IND? NM
  • IND
  • ? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?
  • NM
  • ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??, ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??
    ? ??

29
CPA, CCA1, CCA2
  • CPA
  • ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ??
  • CCA1
  • CPA ?? ? ???, ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ??
  • CCA2
  • CCA1? ??? ????, ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??
  • ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??!

30
???
  • ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??
  • ??? ??? encryption oracle
  • ??? ??? decryption oracle
  • ?? ??? sign oracle
  • ?? ??? random oracle

31
?? ???
  • ???? ?? ??
  • ????? ??
  • ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???
  • ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???

32
?? ??
  • IND?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????
  • ?? ???? ????? ??? ?
  • ???? ? ? ??? ???? 0.5? ??? ?? ??? ? ??
  • ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ?, ?? ????? ??

33
?????
  • ??? ? ?? negligible
  • ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????
  • ??? ? ?? overwhelming
  • ???? ?? ???? ????? ? ????

34
?? ??
  • ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??
  • ??? ?? ???

35
?????
  • ?? ????? ????, ?????? ??? ? ?? 0? ?, ?? ??????
    ??? ? ? ???, ? ?? ?? 0?? ? ??
  • IND??? ??????
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