Splash Screen

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Splash Screen
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Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Road to
War Section 2 War Begins Section 3 On the Home
Front Section 4 War in Europe and Africa Section
5 War in the Pacific Visual Summary
3
Chapter Intro
The Road to War Essential Question How did
dictators acquire and expand power in Europe in
the 1930s?
4
Chapter Intro
War Begins Essential Question How did peaceful
nations confront foreign aggressors in World War
II?
5
Chapter Intro
On the Home Front Essential Question In what
ways did American men, women, and minorities
support the war effort at home?
6
Chapter Intro
War in Europe and Africa Essential Question
What strategies did the Allies pursue in Europe
and Africa to defeat the Axis Powers in World War
II?
7
Chapter Intro
War in the Pacific Essential Question What was
the turning point in the war in the Pacific, and
what led up to it?
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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Preview-End
11
Section 1-Essential Question
How did dictators acquire and expand power in
Europe in the 1930s?
12
Section 1-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• dictator
• fascism
• anti-Semitism

• totalitarian
• appeasement

Academic Vocabulary

• obtain

• unify

13
Section 1-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Benito Mussolini
• Joseph Stalin
• Munich Conference

14
Section 1-Polling Question
Rate your agreement with the following statement
The United States should take measures to stop
dictators from ruling in other countries.
A. Strongly agree B. Somewhat agree C. Somewhat
disagree D. Strongly disagree

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

15
Section 1
The Rise of Dictators
Bitterness over the outcome of World War I and
serious economic problems led to the rise of
dictators in several countries.
16
Section 1
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)

• Adolf Hitler and other ruthless dictators rose to
  power by taking advantage of peoples fear,
  anger, and suffering in depressed economic times.
• In Italy, Benito Mussolini made fascism popular
  and forced Italys king to name Mussolini the
  head of government.

• Mussolini ended democratic rule and built up the
  military.

Rise of Nazism
17
Section 1
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)

• Adolf Hitler, leader of the National Socialist
  (Nazi) Party, blamed Jews for the problems in
  Germany, and his anti-Semitism led to unspeakable
  horrors.

• Hitler ended democracy and established a
  totalitarian state.

Rise of Nazism
18
Section 1
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)

• Japanese leaders, feeling they did not have
  enough land or resources, invaded mineral-rich
  Manchuria, a region of China, in 1931.
• In 1940, Japan joined Germany and Italy in the
  Axis alliance.
• Joseph Stalinwho rose to power in the Soviet
  Union in the late 1920sused force to obtain
  obedience from his people.

Rise of Nazism
19
Section 1
The Rise of Dictators (cont.)

• In America, Congress passed the Neutrality Acts,
  which banned weapons sales and loans to nations
  at war.

20
Section 1
What was the name of Adolf Hitlers political
party? A. The Communist Party B. The Nazi
Party C. The Fascist Party D. The Socialist Party

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

21
Section 1
Germany on the March
Other European countries stood by as Germany
expanded its territory.
22
Section 1
Germany on the March (cont.)

• In March 1936, Hitler ordered German troops into
  the Rhineland.
• Hitler insisted that Austria be unified with
  Germany and sent troops there in March 1938.

23
Section 1
Germany on the March (cont.)

• When Hitler declared it Germanys right to take
  over the German-speaking Sudetenland in
  Czechoslovakia, Britain and France tried to avoid
  war through appeasement.

• At the Munich Conference, British and French
  leaders gave the Sudetenland to Germany in
  exchange for Hitlers pledge that he would not
  expand any further.

24
Section 1
Germany on the March (cont.)

• In March 1939, however, Hitler invaded the rest
  of Czechoslovakia.
• Before invading Poland, Hitler signed the
  Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact in August 1939.

25
Section 1
With what country did Germany sign a
nonaggression pact? A. Czechoslovakia
B. Britain C. France D. Russia

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

26
Section 1-End
27
Section 2-Essential Question
How did peaceful nations confront foreign
aggressors in World War II?
28
Section 2-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• blitzkrieg
• disarmament

Academic Vocabulary

• target
• fund

29
Section 2-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Allied Powers
• Axis Powers
• Winston Churchill
• Atlantic Charter
• Pearl Harbor

30
Section 2-Polling Question
Rate your agreement with the following statement
War could have been avoided if Europes leaders
had not tried to appease Hitler. A. Strongly
agree B. Somewhat agree C. Somewhat
disagree D. Strongly disagree

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

31
Section 2
War in Europe
World War II began in September 1939, when
Germany invaded Poland, and Great Britain and
France declared war on Germany.
32
Section 2
War in Europe (cont.)

• France and Great Britain declared war on Germany
  after Hitler sent his armies into Poland on
  September 1, 1939.
• The Germans called their swift and fierce attack
  on Polish targets a Blitzkrieg, or lightning war.

America Prepares for War
33
Section 2
War in Europe (cont.)

• In April 1940, the Netherlands and Belgium asked
  the Allied PowersBritain and Francefor help
  from the German attack but were soon overwhelmed.
• In June 1940, the Germans crossed into France.
  Italy joined the Germans and attacked France from
  the southeast, and the French surrendered after
  German troops took Paris.

America Prepares for War
34
Section 2
War in Europe (cont.)

• Germany, Italy, and Japan formed the Axis Powers.

• In August 1940, the Germans began bombing British
  air bases, shipyards, and cities.

• Winston Churchill, the prime minister of Great
  Britain, provided inspiration to his people.

America Prepares for War
35
Section 2
War in Europe (cont.)

• In June 1941, German forces invaded the Soviet
  Union.

• As the Soviets retreated, Stalin ordered a
  scorched-earth policy to make it harder for
  Germans to supply their troops and to keep
  advancing.

America Prepares for War
36
Section 2
What was the Germans fast and fierce style of
attack referred to as? A. The Allied Attack
B. The Axis Attack C. Blitzkrieg D. Scorched
Earth

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

37
Section 2
America and the War
Wanting to defend democracy, the United States
gradually became involved in the European
conflict on the side of the Allies.
38
Section 2
America and the War (cont.)

• Although he vowed to remain neutral, President
  Roosevelt prepared for war.

• In 1938, Congress strengthened the navy.
• The new Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed for
  warring nations to purchase American goods as
  long as they paid cash and carried the goods on
  their own ships.
• In 1940, Roosevelt signed the Selective Training
  and Service Act, the first peacetime draft in
  United States history.

39
Section 2
America and the War (cont.)

• Roosevelt ran for a third term as president in
  1940 and won easily against Republican Wendell
  Willkie.
• In March 1941, Congress passed the Lend-Lease
  Act, which allowed the U.S. to sell, lend, or
  lease weapons to any country vital to the defense
  of the United States.

40
Section 2
America and the War (cont.)

• In August 1941, Prime Minister Churchill and
  President Roosevelt drew up the Atlantic
  Charter, which set goals for the world after the
  destruction of the Nazis.

• They urged disarmament and the creation of a
  permanent system of general security.

41
Section 2
Why were isolationists opposed to the Lend-Lease
law? A. Loans to other nations would hurt the
newly recovered economy. B. The U.S. might never
get back the military equipment lent to other
nations. C. It would bring America closer to
war. D. It favored the Germans.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

42
Section 2
The Japanese Threat
The United States entered World War II as a
result of Japans attack on the Pearl Harbor
military base in 1941.
43
Section 2
The Japanese Threat (cont.)

• While Hitler and Mussolini waged war in Europe,
  the Japanese made military conquests in the Far
  East.

• Japan planned on taking the American territory of
  the Philippines.

44
Section 2
The Japanese Threat (cont.)

• In response, Roosevelt froze all Japanese funds
  in U.S. banks and stopped the sale of oil,
  gasoline, and other resources that Japan lacked.
• On December 7, 1941, Japanese warplanes attacked
  the American military base at Pearl Harbor,
  Hawaii.

• More than 2,300 soldiers, sailors, and civilians
  were killed.

Shock at Pearl Harbor
45
Section 2
The Japanese Threat (cont.)

• The next day, the United States declared war on
  Japan.
• Japans alliesGermany and Italydeclared war on
  the United States.
• The United States joined the Allied nations and
  declared war on Germany and Italy.

Shock at Pearl Harbor
46
Section 2
On which Axis power did the United States first
declare war? A. Germany B. Italy C. Japan D. Rus
sia

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

47
Section 2-End
48
Section 3-Essential Question
In what ways did American men, women, and
minorities support the war effort at home?
49
Section 3-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• mobilization
• ration

• civil defense
• internment camp

Academic Vocabulary

• shift

• overseas

50
Section 3-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• WACs
• WAVES
• Tuskegee Airmen
• bracero
• Nisei

51
Section 3-Polling Question
Rate your agreement with the following statement
Women in the military should receive the same
tasks as men. A. Strongly agree B. Somewhat
agree C. Somewhat disagree D. Strongly disagree

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

52
Section 3
America Prepares
The United States had to refocus its economy to
provide supplies for the war effort.
53
Section 3
America Prepares (cont.)

• More than 15 million Americans joined the armed
  forces during the war, both as volunteers and as
  draftees.
• About 250,000 women served in the WACs (Womens
  Army Corps), the WAVES (Women Appointed for
  Volunteer Emergency Service in the Navy), and
  womens units in the marines, Coast Guard, and
  army air corps.

54
Section 3
America Prepares (cont.)

• New agencies were created to speed up
  mobilization for war.

• The War Production Board supervised automakers as
  they shifted from manufacturing cars to producing
  trucks, jeeps, and tanks.
• The Office of Price Administration established
  limits on consumer prices and rents to prevent
  inflation.

55
Section 3
America Prepares (cont.)

• The National War Labor Board helped resolve labor
  disputes that might slow down war production.

• The Revenue Act of 1942 raised corporate taxes
  and required individuals to pay income taxes in
  order to help fund the war effort.

56
Section 3
Which of the following was NOT an agency created
during World War II? A. The War Production Board
B. The Civilian Conservation Corps C. The
Office of Price Administration D. The National
War Labor Board

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

57
Section 3
Wartime America
During World War II, Americans faced hardships
but united to help the war effort.
58
Section 3
Wartime America (cont.)

• For many American families, the war meant
  separation from loved ones serving overseas.
• With industries geared to producing goods to
  fight the war, Americans faced shortages of many
  consumer goods.
• The government issued coupons for individuals to
  purchase certain itemssuch as gasoline and
  meatthat were rationed.

59
Section 3
Wartime America (cont.)

• Many Americans helped the war effort by planting
  victory gardens, collecting scrap metal, or
  joining in civil defense.

60
Section 3
How did the American economy change when the U.S.
entered World War II? A. Many women lost their
jobs. B. Factories shifted to producing
tanks. C. African American workers faced
discrimination. D. The military began drafting
workers.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

61
Section 3
Women and Minorities
World War II brought new opportunities to women
and minorities, but inequalities remained.
62
Section 3
Women and Minorities (cont.)

• Women were needed to fill the vacancies in the
  labor force left by men going to war.
• About 1 million African Americans served in the
  armed forces during World War II.
• The 332nd Fighter Group, known as the Tuskegee
  Airmen, shot down more than 200 enemy planes.

63
Section 3
Women and Minorities (cont.)

• President Roosevelt established the Fair
  Employment Practices Commission to combat
  discrimination in industry.
• Thousands of Native Americans left reservations
  to work in defense industries and serve in the
  armed forces.
• A group of Navajo soldiers known as the code
  talkers used a special code based on the Navajo
  language to send messages that the Japanese could
  not decipher.

64
Section 3
Women and Minorities (cont.)

• More than 250,000 Latinos served in the armed
  forces.
• The bracero program recruited thousands of farm
  and railroad works from Mexico to work in
  American industry.

65
Section 3
Women and Minorities (cont.)

• Although about two-thirds of Japanese Americans
  were NiseiAmerican citizens who were born in the
  United Statesmany people questioned their
  loyalty.

• President Roosevelt directed the army to relocate
  more than 100,000 Japanese Americans who lived on
  the West Coast to internment camps.

66
Section 3
Women and Minorities (cont.)

• In 1944 in Korematsu v. United States, the
  Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the
  relocation of Japanese Americans.

67
Section 3
What did the Supreme Court decision of Korematsu
v. United States state? A. Internment camps
were unconstitutional. B. Internment camps
were constitutional. C. Japanese Americans
could not join the U.S. military. D. Survivors
of internment camps should receive 20,000.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

68
Section 3-End
69
Section 4-Essential Question
What strategies did the Allies pursue in Europe
and Africa to defeat the Axis Powers in World War
II?
70
Section 4-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• siege
• genocide

• Holocaust
• concentration camp

Academic Vocabulary

• concentrate

• tense

71
Section 4-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Dwight D. Eisenhower
• George Patton
• Operation Overlord
• D-Day
• V-E Day
• Harry S. Truman

72
Section 4-Polling Question
Given the wartime situation, should Japanese
Americans have been put into camps during World
War II? A. Yes B. No

1. A
2. B

73
Section 4
North African Campaign
Allied armies fought a successful campaign
against Axis forces in North Africa.
74
Section 4
North African Campaign (cont.)

• Allied leaders decided to concentrate on
  defeating Hitler before dealing with Japan.
• Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agreed to attack
  Germany in North Africa first.

• In November 1942, the British defeated German
  general Rommel at the battle of El Alamein.
• British and American forces led by General Dwight
  D. Eisenhower drove the Germans out of North
  Africa in May 1943.

75
Section 4
North African Campaign (cont.)

• American general George Patton and British
  general Bernard Montgomery took Rome, Italy, in
  June 1944.

76
Section 4
Who commanded the German forces in North Africa?
A. Dwight D. Eisenhower B. George
Patton C. Erwin Rommel D. Benito Mussolini

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

77
Section 4
The Tide Turns in Europe
From 1944 to 1945, the Allies fought a two-front
war in Europe to defeat the Nazis.
78
Section 4
The Tide Turns in Europe (cont.)

• In 1941, German troops began a siege of Leningrad
  that lasted 900 days however, the Germans could
  not take the city.
• The Germans were also unsuccessful in their
  attempts to take Moscow, the Russian capital, and
  Stalingrad, a major industrial port.

World War II in Europe and Africa
79
Section 4
The Tide Turns in Europe (cont.)

• As the Soviets pushed toward Germany from the
  east, the Allies were tense as they prepared for
  Operation Overlordthe invasion of occupied
  Europe.
• On June 6, 1944, or D-Day, the Allies began their
  invasion of Europe.
• On August 25, 1944, French and American troops
  liberated Paris.

D-Day, June 6, 1944
80
Section 4
The Tide Turns in Europe (cont.)

• The Germans counterattacked in Belgium, but were
  eventually defeated in the Battle of the Bulge.
• Realizing the situation was hopeless, Hitler
  committed suicide in Berlin on April 30, 1945.

D-Day, June 6, 1944
81
Section 4
The Tide Turns in Europe (cont.)

• Germany signed an unconditional surrender on May
  7, and the Allies declared May 8 V-E Day for
  Victory in Europe.
• President Roosevelt died suddenly on April 12,
  1945, and Harry S. Truman became president.

82
Section 4
The day the Allies invaded France at the province
of Normandy is known as what? A. Operation
Overlord B. The Battle of the Bulge C. V-E
Day D. D-Day

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

83
Section 4
The Holocaust
The Nazis increased their persecution of the Jews
and set up death camps in an effort to kill all
of Europes Jewish population.
84
Section 4
The Holocaust (cont.)

• The Nazis planned genocidewiping out an entire
  group of peopleof the Jews.
• About 6 million Jews were killed in the
  Holocaust, along with millions of othersSlavs,
  Roma (Gypsies), communists, homosexuals, and
  people with handicaps.
• When Hitler gained power in 1933, Jews were
  quickly deprived of their rights and citizenship.

85
Section 4
The Holocaust (cont.)

• On November 9, 1938, the Nazis killed many Jews,
  burned Jewish places of worship, destroyed Jewish
  shops, and sent about 30,000 Jewish men to
  concentration camps.
• The mass killing of Jews began when the German
  army invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.

86
Section 4
The Holocaust (cont.)

• In January 1942, the Nazis agreed on what they
  called the final solution to destroy the Jews.

• In death campssuch as Auschwitz and
  Treblinkahealthy prisoners became slave
  laborers, while the elderly, disabled, sick, and
  mothers and children were sent to the gas
  chambers.

87
Section 4
What people did the Nazis single out for total
extermination? A. Jews B. Japanese C. Czechs D.
Communists

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

88
Section 4-End
89
Section 5-Essential Question
What was the turning point in the war in the
Pacific, and what led up to it?
90
Section 5-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• island hopping
• kamikaze

Academic Vocabulary

• secure
• conflict

91
Section 5-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Douglas MacArthur
• Bataan Death March
• Battle of Midway
• Guadalcanal
• Battle of Leyte Gulf
• V-J Day

92
Section 5-Polling Question
Should the United States have used the atomic
bomb against Japan? A. Yes B. No

1. A
2. B

93
Section 5
The Pacific Front
The Allies fought the Japanese for four long
years in the Pacific.
94
Section 5
The Pacific Front (cont.)

• On the same day the Japanese attacked Pearl
  Harbor, Japanese bombers struck American
  airfields in the Philippines and on the islands
  of Wake and Guamkey American bases in the
  Pacific.
• American general Douglas MacArthur and his
  Filipino and American troops were forced to
  retreat to the Bataan Peninsula and the small
  island fortress of Corregidor.

Amphibious Warfare
95
Section 5
The Pacific Front (cont.)

• Allied troops surrendered after months of fierce
  fighting, and more than 20,000 of the troops died
  during the Bataan Death March to a prison camp.

• General MacArthur had left for Australia to
  command Allied forces in the Pacific two months
  prior to the surrender in Bataan.

Amphibious Warfare
96
Section 5
The Pacific Front (cont.)

• James Doolittles bombing raid of Tokyo and the
  American victory in the Battle of the Coral Sea
  helped improve low American morale.
• The navy destroyed four Japanese aircraft
  carriers and hundreds of airplanes in a victory
  at the Battle of Midway.

War in the Pacific
97
Section 5
The Pacific Front (cont.)

• General MacArthur and Admiral Chester Nimitz
  adopted a strategy know as island
  hoppingattacking and capturing certain key
  islands.

• American forces met stiff resistance when
  fighting for control of Guadalcanal, but the
  Americans finally secured the island in February
  1943.

War in the Pacific
98
Section 5
The Pacific Front (cont.)

• American forces captured Guam and neighboring
  islands in June 1944.
• American ships destroyed most of the Japanese
  fleet at the Battle of Leyte Gulf in the
  Philippines in October 1944.

• In March and June of 1945, American forces seized
  the islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

• In desperation, the Japanese unleashed suicide
  pilots known as kamikazes.

War in the Pacific
99
Section 5
What is the capital city of the Philippines?
A. Guam B. Guadalcanal C. Manila D. Midway

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

100
Section 5
The End of the War
American use of the atomic bomb brought about
Japans surrender in the Pacific conflict.
101
Section 5
The End of the War (cont.)

• Although faced with certain defeat, the Japanese
  continued to fight.
• President Roosevelt created a top-secret
  operationthe Manhattan Projectto create the
  first atomic bomb.
• President Truman, who took office after
  Roosevelts death, regarded the atomic bomb as a
  military weapon and believed it was his duty to
  use it to save American lives.

102
Section 5
The End of the War (cont.)

• The Allies issued the Potsdam Declaration,
  warning that if Japan did not surrender, they
  faced prompt and utter destruction.
• On August 6, 1945, the Enola Gay dropped an
  atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. A
  second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki three
  days later.

• Between 80,000 and 120,000 people were killed in
  Hiroshima, and the Nagasaki bomb killed between
  35,000 and 74,000 people.

103
Section 5
The End of the War (cont.)

• Japan surrendered, and August 15, 1945, was
  proclaimed V-J Day for Victory over Japan.
• World War II was the most destructive conflict in
  history, with more than 55 million people losing
  their lives.

• American casualtiesabout 322,000 dead and
  800,000 injuredwere high, but light compared to
  other nations.

104
Section 5
For what event was the Potsdam Declaration a
warning? A. The atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima
B. The attack on Pearl Harbor C. The D-Day
invasion D. The Midway invasion

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

105
Section 5-End
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VS 1
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Figure 1
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Figure 2
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Figure 3
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Figure 4
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Figure 5
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Figure 6
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Figure 7
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Vocab1
dictator a leader who rules with total authority,
often in a cruel or brutal manner
130
Vocab2
fascism a political system, headed by a dictator,
that calls for extreme nationalism and racism
and no tolerance of opposition
131
Vocab3
anti-Semitism hostility toward or discrimination
against Jews
132
Vocab4
totalitarian a political system in which the
government suppresses all opposition and controls
most aspects of peoples lives
133
Vocab5
appeasement accepting demands in order to avoid
conflict
134
Vocab6
obtain to gain
135
Vocab7
unify to join together
136
Vocab8
blitzkrieg name given to the sudden, violent
offensive attacks the Germans used during World
War II lightning war
137
Vocab9
disarmament removal of weapons
138
Vocab10
target an object of attack
139
Vocab11
fund source of money
140
Vocab12
mobilization gathering resources and preparing
for war
141
Vocab13
ration to give out scarce items on a limited
basis
142
Vocab14
civil defense protective measures taken in case
of attack
143
Vocab15
internment camp detention center where Japanese
Americans were moved to and confined during World
War II
144
Vocab16
shift to move
145
Vocab17
overseas across the ocean
146
Vocab18
siege military blockade
147
Vocab19
genocide the deliberate destruction of a racial,
political, or cultural group
148
Vocab20
Holocaust the name given to the mass slaughter of
Jews and other groups by the Nazis during World
War II
149
Vocab21
concentration camps prison camps used to hold
people for political reasons
150
Vocab22
concentrate to focus ones effort on something
151
Vocab23
tense anxious or nervous
152
Vocab24
island hopping a strategy used during World
War II that called for attacking and capturing
certain key islands and using these islands as
bases to leapfrog to others
153
Vocab25
kamikaze during World War II, a Japanese suicide
pilot whose mission was to crash into his target
154
Vocab26
secure gain control
155
Vocab27
conflict disagreement war or prolonged struggle
156
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