Vertebrates

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Vertebrates Invertebrates

• Interactive Presentation
• designed by Mr. Phillips
• July 2004

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Introduction

• You are about to begin an interactive
  presentation.
• Caution This is not a normal presentation!
• YOU will be participating!
• You will be learning about two main
  classifications of animals
• Vertebrates, invertebrates, and the
  differences between them.

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Directions

• There are several ways to navigate through this
  presentation
• On some slides you can click on the boxes that
  look like this
• You can click the next or back buttons like
  the one at the bottom left of this page.
• For slides with questions, just click on your
  choice.

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Presentation Objectives

1. Given access to this presentation, the students
   will navigate through this presentation with 90
   accuracy.
2. Given questions within the presentation, the
   students will correctly answer 70 of the
   questions.
3. Given at least 30 minutes to explore the
   presentation and given characteristics of a
   specific animal, students will be able to
   identify whether the animal is a vertebrate or an
   invertebrate with 80 accuracy.

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Classification of Animals
Animals
Click on vertebrates or invertebrates to learn
more about each!!
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Click below after you have read about vertebrates
and invertebrates
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Vertebrates

• Animals that are vertebrates are simply animals
  with a backbone.
• Vertebrates have an endoskeleton
• It offers support and protects the soft parts of
  the animal.

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Vertebrates

• Vertebrates can either be ectotherms or
  endotherms.
• Ectotherms (cold-blooded)
• Body temperature changes to match their
  surroundings.
• Endotherms (warm-blooded)
• Regulate their body temperature so that it
  remains constant

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Vertebrates

• Vertebrate animals fall into the chordate phylum.
• The chordate phylum is divided into classes.
• fish
• amphibians
• reptiles
• birds
• mammals

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Vertebrates

• This chart shows the vertebrates organized
  into classes.

Click on a box to learn more about that class of
vertebrates! When you are done, click the link at
the bottom left of the screen to learn about
invertebrates!
Vertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Mammals
Birds
Click here to go to Invertebrates
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Fish

• Fish are cold-blooded animals.
• This means that their blood temperature changes
  with the temperature of the surrounding water.
• Most fish live close to the shore in water that
  is less than 600 feet deep.
• In the ocean, the deeper the water, the dimmer
  the light.
• Many fish who live at 2000 feet or deeper glow in
  the dark.

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Fish

• All fish have gills. These gills absorb oxygen
  from the water and pass it along to the
  bloodstream.
• A fishes scales are called armor because they
  protect it. A slimy substance moistens the
  scales. This protects the fish from infection and
  helps the fish slip through the water faster.

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Fish

• Fish stay afloat because they have swim bladders.
  By changing the amount of air in its bladder, a
  fish never rises or sinks, but stays balanced.

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Fish

• Fins move the fish forward, steer it, and help
  the fish to keep its balance.
• The pectoral and pelvic fins are used for
  balance, steering, and braking.
• The dorsal fin keeps the fish from rolling over
  and works along with the anal fin.
• The tail (caudal fin) provides power, thrushing
  the fish forward.

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Fish
Fish are actually divided into 3 different
classes. Click the boxes to learn about these 3
types. You must click the boxes in order from top
to bottom.
Bony Fish
Cartilaginous Fish
Jawless Fish
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Bony Fish

• Bony fish make up about 95 of all fish.
• Skeletons are made up of bone.
• Their scaly skin is covered with a slimy mucous.
• Their mouth is generally at the front of the
  body.
• They have a tail fin.

Click the fish to see a diagram of bony fish.
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Cartilaginous Fish

• Cartilaginous fish include the sharks, skates and
  rays.
• Although these look different, they have many
  features in common.
• None of them have any true bone - their skeleton
  is made of cartilage.
• They have strong jaws

Great White Shark
Ray
Chilean Skate
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Cartilaginous Fish Continued

• Their mouth is on the underside of their body.
• Their eyes are on the top of their body.
• They cannot see food as it enters their mouth.
• Some sharks solve this problem by touching their
  food briefly with their nose first.
• Some also use a powerful electrosensory system.

Click the shark to see a diagram of a shark!
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Jawless Fish

• This is a primitive eel-like fish which doesn't
  have a true jaw, but a sucker-like mouth (like
  suction cups!) and rasping teeth.
• There are two main types
• Lampreys
• Lampreys are found in freshwater lakes and
  streams as well as in salt water.
• Hagfish
• Hagfish, or blind eels, are found only in salt
  water and feed mainly on dead fish.

lamprey
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Lets Review Fish!!!

• Click on the correct choice.
• The majority of fish fall into which class?
• Bony Fish
• Cartilaginous Fish
• Jawless Fish

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OOPS!
You chose B. Cartilaginous Fish. That is
incorrect. Think about the majority of fish you
have seen in your lifewhat is hard inside their
body?
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OOPS!
You chose C. Jawless Fish. That is incorrect.
Think about the majority of fish you have seen
in your lifewhat is hard inside their body?
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Good Job!
Yes. The correct choice is A Bony Fish. About
95 of all fish are considered bony fish!
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Lets Review Fish!!!

• Click on the correct choice.
• Which fin gives the fish balance, steering, and
  braking?
• Dorsal Fin
• Caudal Fin (tail)
• Pectoral and Pelvic Fins

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OOPS!
You chose B. Caudal Fin (tail). That is
incorrect. The caudal fin (tail) actually gives
the fish the power to move forward.
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OOPS!
You chose A. Dorsal Fin. That is incorrect.
The dorsal fin keeps the fish from rolling over.
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Good Job!
Yes. The correct choice is C. Pectoral and
Pelvic Fin. These allow the fish to balance,
steer, and brake.
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Amphibians

• These animals have smooth skin
• Most spend at least part of their life in water.
• Amphibians are cold-blooded (hibernate in
  winter).
• They usually have three life stages egg, larva,
  adult (metamorphosis).
• Includes Frogs, Toads, Salamanders, and Newts.

Salamander
newts
Ever wonder what the difference between a frog
and a toad was? Click here to find out!
toad
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Reptiles

• These animals have dry, scaly skin.
• They are cold-blooded (hibernate in winter).
• Some live in the water, but most are adapted to
  life on land.
• Most reptiles lay soft-shelled eggs, but some
  bear live young.
• Includes Lizards, Snakes, Turtles, and
  Crocodiles.
• Fast Fact!
• Did you know that snakes smell with their tongue!

Iguana
Turtle
Crocodile
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Birds

• Birds are warm-blooded.
• They have hollow bones and feathers.
• Most can fly at least short distances.
• Birds are born from hard-shelled eggs.
• Includes Raptors, Gulls, Songbirds, and Fowl.

Raptor
Gull
Fowl
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Mammals

• These animals usually have hair/fur.
• They give birth to live young and feed their
  young with milk.
• Have the most complex brains and nervous systems
  of any animal on earth.
• Mammals are warm-blooded.
• Includes Rodents, Hoofed animals, Marsupials,
  Bats, Rabbits, Weasels, Raccoons, Bears, Dogs,
  and Cats.

Rodent
Bat
Dog
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Not So Fast!!
Lets try one quick review question!
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Vertebrate Review

• You see a greenish-brownish colored animal
  walking in your yard. You get brave, and decide
  to touch it. Its skin is dry and scaly. What
  kind of animal is it most likely?
• Amphibian
• Mammal
• Reptile

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OOPS!
You chose A. Amphibian. That is incorrect.
Amphibians have smooth skin.
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OOPS!
You chose B. Mammal. That is incorrect. A
mammals skin would most likely be furry.
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Good Job!
Yes. The correct choice is C. reptile
Reptiles have dry, scaly skin.
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Fun Facts!

• Whats the difference between an alligator and a
  crocodile?
• Click here to find out!
• Whats the difference between a reptile and an
  amphibian?
• Click here to find out!

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Invertebrates

• Invertebrates are animals without a backbone.
• 97 of all animals are invertebrates!
• They are divided into different groups or phyla
  (plural of phylums).
• Scientists look at something called symmetry to
  help classify invertebrates.

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Invertebrates
Radial symmetry body parts are arranged around
in a circle around a central point
(starfish). Bilateral symmetry have two sides
that will match if you draw a line down the
center of their body (lobster). Asymetric these
animals have no definite shape at all (sponges).
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Invertebrates
Click on a box to learn more about that class of
invertebrates! When you are done, click the man
at the bottom left of the screen to move on!
Cnidarian
Sponges
Arthropods
Mollusks
Invertebrates
Click below when you are done learning about
invertebrates
Annelids
Flatworms
Echinoderms
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Cnidarians

• Have radial symmetry
• Sometimes they have stinging tentacles around
  their mouths that they use to catch food.

Polyp
Jellyfish
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Sponges

• Asymmetric bodies
• They filter food out of the water as it passes
  through them.

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Roundworms

• These outnumber every other animal on earth.
• They can be predators, parasites, or decomposers.

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Arthropods

• Have jointed body parts
• Bilateral symmetry
• Segmented bodies
• Lobster, house fly, beetle, butterflies, spiders

Crustaceans Arachnids Insects
Butterfly
Beetle
House Fly
Tarantula
Lobster
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Arthropods Crustaceans

• Crustaceans live mostly in the ocean or other
  waters.
• Most commonly known crustaceans are the crab and
  lobster.
• Crustaceans have a hard, external shell which
  protects their body.
• Crustaceans have a head and abdomen. The head has
  antennae which are part of their sensory system.
  The abdomen includes the heart, digestive system
  and reproductive system.
• The abdomen also has appendages, such as legs,
  for crawling and swimming. Many crustaceans also
  have claws that help with crawling and eating.

Crustaceans Arachnids Insects
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Arthropods Arachnids

• Arachnids are a type of arthropod. You know many
  of them as spiders.
• Like other arthropods, the arachnids have a hard
  exoskeleton and jointed appendages for walking.
• Unlike other arthropods, arachnids do not have
  antennae.
• Common arachnids are the spider, scorpions, ticks
  and mites.

Crustaceans Arachnids Insects
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Arthropods Insects

• Insects are the largest group of arthropods.
  There are over 800,000 different types of
  insects.
• The insect's head has a pair of antennae, and a
  pair of compound eyes.
• Compound eyes are different from human eyes which
  have a single lens for each eye. Compound eyes
  have many lenses for each eye. For example, the
  fly has about 4,000 lenses in a single eye. This
  provides them with very good eyesight.

Crustaceans Arachnids Insects
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Flatworms

• Long, flat bodies
• Bilateral symmetry
• Most are parasites that invade other creatures
  and live off of them.
• Planaria, tapeworms, liver flukes

Planaria
Liver Flukes
Tapeworm
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Annelids

• Segmented worms
• Ringed segments
• Earthworms, leeches

Earthworm
Leech
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Mollusks

• Soft bodies
• Protective shell
• Land mollusks include snails and slugs and have
  lungs.
• Water mollusks include oysters, mussels, clams,
  squids, and octopuses which use gills to breathe.

Oyster
Snail
Octopus
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Echinoderms

• Spiny skin
• Radial symmetry
• Thousands of tube-like feet
• Starfish, sea urchin, sand dollar, and sea
  cucumber.

Sand Dollar
Sea Cucumber
Sea Urchin
Starfish
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Lets Review

• What type of symmetry does the following
  invertebrate have?
• Radial
• Bilateral
• Asymmetric

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OOPS!
You chose c. asymmetric. That is incorrect.
Think about the left and right sides of a
butterfly
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OOPS!
You chose a. radial. That is incorrect. Are
all their body parts arranged around a circle?
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Good Job!
Yes. The correct choice is B. bilateral Both
sides of the butterfly are idential.
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Congratulations!
You have just finished learning about vertebrates
and invertebrates! You are now an expert zoo
keeper! Tomorrow we will continue our quest.