Condensation

1
Condensation Hydrolysis

• The putting together and taking apart of
  molecules!!

2
Section 1 Carbon Compounds
Chapter 3
Large Carbon Molecules

• Condensation reactions join monomers (small
  simple molecules) to form polymers. A
  condensation reaction releases water as a
  by-product.
• In a hydrolysis reaction, water is used to split
  polymers into monomers.

3
Condensation
The connecting of monomers into polymers.
A monomer
Another monomer
A polymer!
A chemical bond
4
Hydrolysis
Two monomers
A polymer
5
Pop Quiz, Hot Shots!
Simple sugars to carbohydrates
Condensation
Nucleotides to nucleic acids
Condensation
Amino acids to proteins
Condensation
Lipids to fatty acids
Hydrolysis
6
Condensation and Hydrolysis are powered by
enzymes!
Proteins that speed up biological reactions (act
like catalysts)
7
The Official Condensation Reaction Definition

• An enzyme-mediated reaction leading to the
  covalent linkage of small molecules and the
  formation of water as a by-product.

Director of Biochemistry
8
Condensation Step By Step
1. One monomer loses a H and the other loses a
OH- group with the help of an enzyme.
H
H
Enzyme
O
OH
H
9
Condensation Step By Step
2. The two monomers are covalently
joined.
3. The H and OH- removed in step one form water.
H
H
O
H
HO
H2O
10
A Monomer
A Monomer
Hootie and the Blowfish
11
Protein
Ma
cro
mol
e
cule
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Bond
12
Condensation Builds Macromolecles!!
H
HO
O
Enzyme
H
H
13
The End Result
This reaction produces a polymer which can be
anywhere from three monomers to millions of
monomers in size!!
14
The Official Hydrolysis Reaction Definition

• An enzyme-mediated
• reaction in which
• covalent bonds break,
• splitting a molecule in
• two or more parts with
• H and OH- (derived
• from water) becoming
• attached to the exposed
• bonding sites.

Director of Biochemistry
15
Hydrolysis Step By Step
1. Covalent bonds between monomers are broken
with the help of an enzyme.
3. This newly split water is attached to the
newly split monomers.
2. A water molecule is split into H and OH-
H
H
Enzyme
O
HO
H
H2O
16
The J. Geils Band
H
H
O
17
You Suck More!
Hy
drol
y
sis
You suck!
Covalent Bond
H
H
O
.
18
Hydolysis
Me
You
Yeah! Yeah!
H
H
O
A Polymer
19
Hydolysis
Yeah! Yeah!
20
Hydolysis
Yeah! Yeah!
21
H
HO
H2O
H
H
Enzyme
O
22
Hydolysis
Me
You
Yeah! Yeah!
A Polymer
23
Hydrolysis Splits Macromolecles!!
Hydolysis
Yeah! Yeah!
24
Summing Up

• Condensation connects things together.
• Hydrolysis breaks things apart.