Dreaming in Color

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Working in Groups Best Practices
Jerry Carley MSN, MA, RN, CNE January 2010
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Agenda I. Collaborative
Learning II. Stages of Group
Development III. Team Roles IV.
Learning Styles V.
Putting It All Together
Jerry Carley, MSN, MA, RN, CNE Assistant
Professor College of Nursing
http//www.brazos-nurse.org
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Class of 2011 Countdown Clock
THE CLOCKIS TICKING
17 Months 29 Days 12 Hours 38 Minutes
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Anatomy of a 50 Minute Lecture.
Notes From Jerrys Depository of Semi-documented,
Anecdotal Phenomena.
HIGH
Level Of Student Interest
MED
Death Valley
LOW
TIME
Beginning of Class
End of Class
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The Myth of Multi-Tasking

• Paying Attention
• When we talk about multitasking, we are really
  talking about attention the art of paying
  attention, the ability to shift our attention,
  and, more broadly, to exercise judgment about
  what objects are worthy of our attention.
• People who have achieved great things often
  credit for their success a finely honed skill for
  paying attention. When asked about his particular
  genius, Isaac Newton responded that if he had
  made any discoveries, it was owing more to
  patient attention than to any other talent.

Rosen, C. (2008). The myth of multitasking. The
New Atlantis A Journal of Technology and Society
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http//usnnursing.pbworks.com/
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Now that Youre Here
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Nursing History.. Other Interesting Stuff!

• QUESTION
• In what city was
• Florence Nightingale
• born?

Florence, Italy May 12, 1820
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Nursing History Other Interesting Stuff!

• Florence Nightingale was inducted into Englands
  Royal Academy of Sciences for her pioneering
  work in what area / discipline?

• STATISTICS

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Why Collaborative Learning?
Defined An instructional method in
which students work in groups toward a
common academic goal.

• BENEFITS OF COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
• Helped Understanding
• 
  Pooled knowledge experience
• Got helpful feedback
• 
  Stimulated thinking
• Got new perspectives
• More relaxed
  atmosphere makes problem-solving easy
• It was fun
• Greater
  responsibility for myself and the group
• Made new friends

Gokhale, A. (1995). Collaborative learning
enhances critical thinking. Journal of
Technology Education, 7(1), 22-30.
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USN Policy / Practice Group WorkRule 1 Get
Over Yourself!
Evaluation a potent venue for promoting learning
and developing self and peer assessment skills.
ADULT EDUCATION Active Learning Constructivism
C
J
E
R
R
Y
A
R
E
L
Y
Assigned to a permanent group Collaborative
Evaluation Learning / Lab Activities Projects Clin
ical
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Group Assignments.already!
Nursing Class of 2010 - Group Assignments and Faculty Advisors Nursing Class of 2010 - Group Assignments and Faculty Advisors Nursing Class of 2010 - Group Assignments and Faculty Advisors Nursing Class of 2010 - Group Assignments and Faculty Advisors Nursing Class of 2010 - Group Assignments and Faculty Advisors Nursing Class of 2010 - Group Assignments and Faculty Advisors
  Jene Hurlbut/Sue Clarren   Katherine Cylke/Mary Chalfant   Linda Cox/ Marlene Luna
  Group 1   Group 4   Group 7
  Abu, Aisha 1 Alfaro-Tumilan, Veronica 1 DeJesus, Christine
1 Bui. Vivian 2 Bernardez, Teogenes 2 Kopka, Barney
2 Hill, Sandee 3 Capati, Anna Lou 3 Mehari, Teame
3 Kemple, Brigg 4 Dryer, Dean 4 Ohanzurume, Raymond
4 Lee, Mikyoung 5 Ezenagu, Chimdinma 5 Pereza, Michael
5 Nwabuike, Ozioma 6 Huerta, Elise 6 Rom, Jennifer
6 Pedler, Micheal 7 Iwueze, Ahunna 7 Torres, Vannesa
7 Takara, Chelsea 8 Walker, Jamoia 8 Tuinei, Matau
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  Marie Wright/Kathy Powell   Nancy Bryan/Rebecca Cailor   Janice Muhammad/Candace Grubb
  Group 2   Group 5   Group 8
  Alfonso, Jackie 1 Anyiam, Lynda 1 Ezeanolue, Adaobi
1 Brock, Natalie 2 Bui, Helen 2 Henry, Rhonita
2 Cyclewala, Shehla 3 Cunningham, Khristy 3 Ike, Uche
3 Hoang, Bella 4 Huynh, Phung 4 Kamara, Hassanatu
4 Lautchang, Khristine 5 Ikeakor, Njideka 5 Lawani, Flora
5 Manaligod, Mariann 6 Kim, Seon 6 Legaspi, Michael
6 Orpilla, Caroline 7 Mudoh, Larissa 7 Nguyen, Van
7 Seth, Setal 8   8 Nwoke, Nick
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  Jerry Carley/Kathleen Menasche   Barbara Raymond-Hicks   Regina McFerren/Betty Powers-Luhn
  Group 3   Group 6   Group 9
  Del-Castillo-Katz, Delfina 1 Arce-Palacio, Teresa 1 Massela, Erin
1 Logarta, Angelina 2 Broadnax, Olubukunola 2 Nnamdi, Flora
2 Limbao, Jacqueline 3 Cabrera, Nechelle 3 Okoronkwo, Uche
3 Nguyen, Kimoanh 4 Kang, Yeong Sug 4 R-Love, Emily
4 Nguyen, Minh 5 Lee, Gong-Ju 5 Kyles, Stephen
5 Puquiz, Aileen 6 Nwosu, Bradley 6 Taeza, Sarah
6 Stone, Teresa 7 Park, Yumi 7 Talatala, Maria-Teresa
7 Ulogo, Jude 8 Sinbeta, Kinfe 8  
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NURSING HISTORY Other Interesting StuffWhich
Nurse has held the Highest Position in the
American Government?

• RICHARD CARMONA
• RN
• MD
• MPH
• 17th Surgeon General of the United States of
  America
• 2002 - 2006

Once a nurse, always a nurse. Title of Address
to NSNA Convention, 2005
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Some More Nursing History..

• In what year (in the United States) did the
  first registered nurse obtain a PhD degree?

1927 Ford Model T
President Calvin Coolidge
1927
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• Conventional LogicThe Square Peg The Round
  Hole
• Defining Your Role In The Group

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Stages of Group Development / Performance
Testing Identify Boundaries Form Dependency
Relationships Define acceptable
behaviors Polite, but untrusting.

• Forming
• Storming
• Norming
• Performing

Resistance Polarization into subgroups Conflict
Rebellion Testing Others
Consensus Group cohesion develops Conflict
Resistance are overcome Valuing other types
Task Performance Roles become flexible
functional Energies directed toward task
Performance Flexibility performance through
trust.
Tuckman, B. (1965) Tuckman, B.W. Jensen, M.A.C.
(1977) Stages of small group development
revisited. Group and Organizational Studies, 2,
419-427
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This is not a linear model It is a model of
predictable behavior, which is cyclical in
nature
forming
storming
performing
norming
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Team Roles
Defined ..a tendency to behave, contribute,
and interrelate with others in a certain way.

• Knowing Understanding Your Role and the Roles
  of Others Will Help You to
• v Understand your own identity in terms of
  team roles
• v Manage your strengths weaknesses
• v Learn how to develop your team roles
• v Project yourself in the best possible way
• v Work more effectively in teams

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Clusters of behavior have been identified as
instrumental in work groups
SHAPER IMPLEMENTER COMPLETER-FINISHER

• Action-Oriented
• People Oriented
• Cerebral

COORDINATOR TEAMWORKER RESOURCE INVESTIGATOR
PLANT MONITOR-EVALUATOR SPECIALIST
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Action Oriented Roles
High-energy highly motivated good
managers Usually Aggressive extroverts thrive
under pressure like to challenge others
biggest concern is to win.

• The Shaper
• The Implementer
• The Completer-Finisher

Practical Common-sense systematic the backbone
of the Team, rather than the leader They get
the job done consistent behavior Frequently
promoted to higher positions.
Follow-Through--Attention to detail frequently
introverts internally motivated frequently
intolerant of Team members who do not appear
similarly inclined.
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People Oriented Roles
Frequently the group leader good at recognizing
the talents of others good at delegation have a
generally broad outlook frequent commands
respect may clash with shapers because of
different management style

• COORDINATOR
• TEAMWORKER
• RESOURCE INVESTIGATOR

The most supportive and popular member Of the
team seen as non-threatening good for Group
cohesion avoid conflict can be Indecisive in a
crunch
Enthusiastic extroverts communicators natural
negotiators typically popular relaxed and
friendly find outside resources work well with
those outside the team
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Cerebral Roles
INNOVATOR INVENTOR HIGHLY CREATIVE PROVIDE
THE SEEDS IDEAS FROM WHICH MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS
SPRING VERY INDEPENDENT FREQUENTLY APART
FROM GROUP FREQUENTLY POOR COMMUNICATORS

• Plant
• Monitor - Evaluator

HIGH CRITICAL-THINKING ABILITY SERIOUS-MINDED
SLOW TO MAKE DECISIONS TAKE ALL FACTORS INTO
CONSIDERATION SELDOM WRONG MAY APPEAR TO BE
DRY, BORING, AND HYPER- CRITICAL FREQUENTLY
BECOME MANAGERS / LEADERS
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Other Concepts to Ponder

• ALLOWABLE WEAKNESS
• Team Mix
• TEAM-ROLE SACRIFICE
• The wisdom of groups

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Find Your Role, and know that you cant have too
many of each type..
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TEAM CHEMISTRY
Factors that contribute to high performing teams
include 1. Good Communication 2. Courage to
confront and resolve conflict 3. The ability to
give positive feedback 4. The ability to
empathize with team mates 5. Willingness of the
individual to put temporarily aside personal goal
to achieve group objective
BNet Editors. (2007) Assigning team roles.
Retrieved August 15, 2008 from
http//www.bnet.com/2410-13059_23-64251.html
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Critical Personal Reflection
Rynw?i cayton

• Above all things
• Know thyself .
• -Socrates

Much of what you achieve, much of what you
learn Comes as a result of critical personal
reflection
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Documents 18 months of passage through an
accelerated BSN Program
http//www.brainscramble.org/
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KNOW THYSELF What is your learning style,and
how will this effect the group,and how will the
group effect your learning?
IS THERE ANYTHING FAMILIARABOUT THIS DIAGRAM ?
http//www.learning-styles-online.com/inventory/
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Assignment Follow-Up
Go to http//www.learning-styles-online.com/inve
ntory And assess your learning style

• Copy, Paste, Save (PRINT) Your Learning Style
  Diagram for Further Consideration.
• BRING IT TO YOUR FIRST TEAM MEETING!

Reflect On How Your Learning Style Will Affect
Your Group Work
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Learning StylesBuilding Your Learning Style
Muscles
VISUAL Images, maps, pictures, colors AURAL
sound music VERBAL written spoken
word PHYSICAL (hate lecture) want to get up,
move around, interact LOGICAL mathematical /
models look for connections might be very
interested in Chaos Theory or The Mathematics of
Complexity.. SOCIAL interpersonalprefer
learning in groups SOLITARY
intrapersonallike to learn by themselves
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Analyze Your Group.
http//www.teamtechnology.co.uk/teamwork/tda-singl
e.html
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• More Nursing History Other Interesting Nursing
  Stuff
• True or False
• Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first African American
  Professional Nurse, completing her nurses
  training in 1926.

False ! Mary Eliza Mahoney WAS the first African
American Professional Nurse But She graduated in
1879 !
Ms Mahoney, RN was one of only 4 graduates, from
a class that started with 40 students!
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Nursing History Other Interesting Stuff

• Who was the first man in the United States to
  become a professional nurse?

?
Unsure Probably, L. Bissell Sanford
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Some Tools to Aid Your Team
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Some Modern Tools / Organization
http//www.gobinder.com/
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Tools to Help With Teamwork Web 2.0
H 2 O
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Group Wiki or BlogIndividual Wiki or Blog
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Blog Group or Individual..
MORE
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REVIEW / KEY POINTS

• Collaborative Learning Increases Your Ability
  to Learnparticularly in an Accelerated Program
• Nursing is a Collaborative Profession
• Know Yourself Assess Your Preferred Learning
  Style and Critically Reflect How You Can Increase
  Your Effectiveness in the Group

• Teamwork Must be DEVELOPEDIt doe not just
  happen
• As your team is forming, think about what is
  going onyour role in the group
• Analyze your groups effectiveness (regularly!)
• Work with your group advisor.

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Once Upon a Time A Cautionary Tale
Gibbs, G. (1994). Learning in teams A student
guide. Oxford Center for Staff Development
Oxford Brookes University.
A team of students had four members, named
Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody.
There was an important job to be done. 1.
Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. 2.
Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it.
3. Somebody got angry about that because it was
Everybodys job. 4. Everybody thought Anybody
could do it but Nobody realized that Everybody
wouldnt do it. 5. It ended up that Everybody
blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody
could have done.
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A QUESTION Of IRONY

• What was missing during this presentation /
  class ?

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The Most Important QuestionNursing History
Other Interesting Stuff

• QUESTION
• When will be the first time you will be able to
  tell someone I am a REGISTERED NURSE ?
• Answer Thats Up to You!
• WELCOME. to The History of Our Profession !
• NOW, you are an integral part of it.