India

1
Workshop on Census Cartography and Management for
ESCAP 15 19 October 2007 Bangkok,
Thailand HOUSING CENSUS DATA DISASTER
MITIGATION ASPECTS IN INDIA Dr. B. B. JAIN,
Ph.D. Office of the Registrar General and Census
Commissioner New Delhi, India
2
(No Transcript)
3
(No Transcript)
4
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS FACTS FIGURES

• STATES 35 (28 States and 7 Union territories)
• DISTRICTS 593
• SUBDISTRICTS 5,463
• TOWNS 5,161
• C D BLOCKS 6,404
• VILLAGES 6.39 Lakh (44,856 Uninhabited)
• AREA 3.28 Million Sq.Kms
• 2.4 of World Surface Area.
• 16.9 of World Population.

5
Administrative Setup

• INDIA

(Country)
States (35)
Districts (593)
Sub-district (5,463)
C D Block (6,406)
Village (0.6 million)
Town (5161)
Ward
6
Disaster effects in India
7
SEISMIC ZONES IN INDIA

•  
• Zone V Covers the areas liable to seismic
  intensity IX and above on Modified Mercalli
  Intensity Scale. This is the most severe seismic
  zone and is referred here as Very High Damage
  Risk Zone.
• Zone IV Gives the area liable to MM VIII.
  This, zone is second in severity to zone V. This
  is referred here as High Damage Risk Zone.
• Zone III The associated intensity is MM VII.
  This is termed here as Moderate Damage Risk Zone.
  
• Zone II The probable intensity is MM VI. This
  zone is referred to as Low Damage Risk Zone.
• Zone I Here the maximum intensity is estimated
  as MM V or less. This zone is termed here as Very
  Low Damage Risk Zone.

8
NATURAL DISASTERS EFFECT IN INDIA
Indian Subcontinent is one of the worlds most
disaster prone areas 1.Earthquake 54 area
vulnerable to Earthquakes One million houses
damaged annually human,social,other
losses 12of land is liable to severe earthquake
MSK IX 18land is liable to MSK VIII 25land
liable to MSK VII 2.Floods 12 area of the
country is prone to floods which means 40 million
Hectares land area are prone to
floods and annually on an average 8 million is
affected 3.Wind and Cyclone Hazards 8 of land
prone to cyclones affect by both the Bay of
Bengal and Arabian Sea. 4.Land Slides Areas of
Himalayas, North-eastern Region and Western Ghats
prone of land slides. 5.Drought 68 of the
country is prone to drought in varying degrees.
9
Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on the
monsoon as a source of water. In some parts of
India, the failure of the monsoons result in
water shortages, resulting in below-average crop
yields. This is particularly true of major
drought-prone regions such as southern and
eastern Maharashtra, northern Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. In the
past, droughts have periodically led to major
Indian famines, including the Bengal famine of
1770, in which up to one third of the population
in affected areas died the 18761877 famine, in
which over five million people died the 1899
famine, in which over 4.5 million died and the
Bengal famine of 1943, in which over five million
died from starvation and famine-related illnesses.
NATURAL DISASTERS EFFECT IN INDIA
10
Indian Census Introduction
11
Indian Census Brief background

• First synchronous census held in 1881
• Census 2001 was the 14th in this uninterrupted
  series
• Adopted extended de-facto method (or enumerating
  persons normally residing in the household during
  the enumeration period)
• Census held in two phases
• House-listing Operations (April to June 2000)
• Population Enumeration (9th to 28th February
  2001)

12
Indian Census Brief background

• Unit of enumeration in Census is the Enumeration
  Block (EB) allotted to an Enumerator
• Curved out on the basis of population size, an EB
  comprises of about 120 150 households or about
  500 to 750 persons
• 2 million Enumerators were deployed for 2001
  Census. Mostly primary school teachers.

13
The final results of the House listing Operations
2001 were released in April, 2003 which provided
valuable information on the housing stock,
amenities and assets available to the household.
House-listing data is available in Tables on
Houses, Household Amenities and Assets by India
and States. This data is also available in hard
copy and electronic format for India and all the
States/Union territories at district,
sub-district and town level. The House-listing
data is immensely useful to the Disaster
Managers, Policy makers, Planners, Administrators
to improve the quality of life in vulnerable
areas.
14
Census of India 2001Population Figures at a
Glance

• Population 1,028,737,436
• Males 532,223,090 (51.7 )
• Rural Males 381,668,992 (37.1 ) Urban Males
  150,554,098 (14.6 )
• Females 496,514,346 (48.3 )
• Rural Females 360,948,755 (35.1 ) Urban
  Females 135,565,591 (13.2 )
• Child Population (age 06years) 163,819,614
  (15.9 of total population)
• Male Children 84,999,203 (8.3 of total
  population)
• Female Children 78,820,411 (7.7 of total
  population)
• Literate Persons 560,687,797 (64.8 )
• Literate Males 336,533,716 (75.3 )
• Literate Females 224,154,081 (53.7 )

15
HOUSING CENSUS DATA in Tables, INDIA,2001

• H-2 Distribution of census houses used as
  residence and residence-cum-other use by their
  condition
• H-2 Appendix Distribution of households by the
  condition of census houses occupied by them
• H-3A Distribution of census houses by predominant
  material of roof
• H-3B Distribution of census houses by predominant
  material of wall

16

• H-3C Distribution of census houses by predominant
  material of floor
• H-3A Appendix Distribution of households living
  in census houses by predominant material of roof
• H-3B Appendix Distribution of households living
  in census houses by predominant material of wall
• H-3C Appendix Distribution of households living
  in census houses by predominant material of floor
  

17

• H-11 Distribution of households by availability
  of separate kitchen and type of fuel used for
  cooking
• H-12 Distribution of households by source and
  location of drinking water and availability of
  electricity and latrine
• H-12 A (E) Distribution of households classified
  by source and location of drinking water and
  availability of electricity and latrine

18

• H-12 B (E) Households and distribution of 1000
  population by availability of electricity and
  toilet facilities and ownership status of house
  occupied
• H-4 Distribution of census houses used as
  residence and residence-cum-other use by their
  type of structure
• H-4 Appendix Distribution of households by type
  of census houses occupied
• H-5 Distribution of households by size and number
  of dwelling rooms

19

• H-6 Distribution of households by ownership
  status of the census houses occupied by them and
  number of dwelling rooms
• H-6A (E) Distribution of households by ownership
  status of census houses, size of the household
  and number of dwelling rooms

20

• H-7 Distribution of households by number of
  married couples in a household and number of
  dwelling rooms, total number of married couples
  and number of married couples having independent
  sleeping rooms
• H-7A (E) Distribution of married couples and
  married couples having independent sleeping room
  by number of dwelling rooms available to the
  households in which they live and by number of
  married couples

21

• H-8 Distribution of households by source of
  drinking water and its location
• H-9 Distribution of households by source of
  lighting
• H-10 Distribution of households by availability
  of bathroom type of latrine within the house
  and type of drainage connectivity for waste water
  outlet

22

• H-11 Distribution of households by availability
  of separate kitchen and type of fuel used for
  cooking
• . H-12 Distribution of households by source and
  location of drinking water and availability of
  electricity and latrine
• H-12 A (E) Distribution of households classified
  by source and location of drinking water and
  availability of electricity and latrine
• . H-13 Number of households availing banking
  services and number of households having each of
  the specified asset

23
Population Density (District Level) INDIA,
2001
24
Condition of Census Houses India 2001
Condition of Census Houses Number (in million) Percentage
Total Households 187 100.0
Good 94 50.3
Livable 83 44.5
Dilapidated 10 5.2
25
Material Used in Houses Roof
Material of Roof (India 2001) Households (in million) Percentage
No. of Households 192 100.0
Concrete 38 19.8
Tiles 63 32.6
Grass, thatch,bamboo, wood, mud, etc. 42 21.9
Others 49 25.7
26
Material Used in Houses Walls
Material of Walls (India 2001) Households (in million) Percentage
No. of Households 192 100.0
Burnt Brick 84 43.7
Mud, Unburnt Brick 62 32.2
Grass, thatch, bamboo, Wood, etc. 21 10.2
Others 25 13.9
27
Material Used in Houses Floors
Material of Floors (India 2001) Households (in million) Percentage
No. of Households 192 100.0
Mosaic, Floor tiles 14 7.3
Cement 51 26.5
Mud 110 57.1
Others 17 9.1
28
Dwelling Rooms in Houses 2001
Dwelling (India 2001) Households (in Millions) Percentage
Total Households 192 100.0
No exclusive Room 6 3.1
One Room 74 38.5
Two Room 58 30.0
Three Room 27 14.3
More than three Rooms 27 14.1
29
Source of Drinking Water India
Distance/Type Households (in million) Percentage
Total Households 192 100.0
Within Premises 75 39.0
Near Premises 85 44.3
Away 32 16.7
Hand pump/Tube-well 79 41.2
Tap 70 36.7
Well 35 18.2
Other 8 3.9

30
Source of Lighting India 2001
Lighting Households (in million) Percentage
Total Households 191.9 100.0
Electricity 107.2 55.8
Kerosene 83.1 43.3
Others 1.0 0.9
No Lighting 0.6 -
31
Availability of bathroom, latrine Kitchen
India
India (2001) Households (in million) Percentage
Bathroom available within the house 69 36.1
Latrine available within the house 70 36.4
Kitchen available within the house 123 64.0
32
Fuel used for Cooking India 2001
Fuel Households (in million) Percentage
Total Households 192 100.0
Fire-wood 101 52.5
LPG 34 17.5
Crop residue 19 10.0
Cow dung Cake 19 9.8
33
Assets Available India 2001
Assets Households (in million) Percentage
Radio, Transistor 67.4 35.1
Television 60.6 31.6
Telephone 17.5 9.1
Bicycle 83.8 43.7
Scooter, motorcycle, moped 22.5 11.5
Car, Jeep, Van 4.8 2.5
None of the above assets 66.2 34.5
Availing banking services 68.2 35.5
34
Mapping Exercises

• Aims to provide a pictorial base to the planning
  process especially to the semi literate
  population .
• Social Mapping
• Location of habitat, natural topography, number
  of pucca (burnt bricks) and kuchha (mud etc.)
  houses, Other common infrastructures(eg. Safe
  Shelter worship place,health centre, play ground
  etc.
• Resource Mapping
• Locally available resources and assets for use
  during disasters.

35
Mapping Exercises

• 1.SOCIAL MAPPING
• LOCATION OF THE HABITAT WITH RESPECT TO NATURAL
  TOPOGRAPHY
• NUMBER of PUCCA and KACCHA HOUSES
• 2. RESOURSE MAPPING
• 3.VULNERABILITY MAPPING
• Household Wise Vulnerable Groups
• Vulnerable Houses And Defunct Infrastructure
• Low Lying Areas Prone To Floods
• Landslide Prone Areas
• Location Of Hazardous Industries/Electrical
  Installations/ Tall Weak Structures Buildings
  ,etc.
• Narrow Roads
• 4.SAFE AND ALTERNATE ROUTE MAPPING

36
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT INDIA

• MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
• NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE(NCMC)
• NATIONAL STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
• NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• IMD , CWC, DOS,(NRSA)
• NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE

37
Housing Census Data Maps ofTamil Nadu State
in India(Tsunami Effected)
38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
RELIEF AND DRAINAGE, TAMIL NADU
41
Tsunami effected Areas Tamil Nadu (India)
42
P0PULATION DISTRIBUTION, 2001 TAMIL NADU
43
(No Transcript)
44
HOUSING PROFILE TAMIL NADU (India)
CENSUS HOUSES AND THE USES TO WHICH THEY ARE PUT
Houses Total () Rural () Urban ()
No. of Census Houses 16,996,604 (100.0) 9,724,711 (57.2) 7,271,893 (42.8)
Vacant Census Houses 1,050,624 (6.2 ) 606,205 (6.2) 444,419 (6.1)
Occupied Census Houses 15,945,980 (93.8) 9,118,506 (93.8) 6,827,474 (93.9)
45
Tamil Nadu (India) HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN CENSUS
HOUSES BY PREDOMINANT MATERIAL OF ROOF
Material of Roof Total () Rural () Urban ()
Total 1 4,173,626 (100) 8,274,790 (100) 5 ,898,836 (100)
Grass Thatch, Bamboo, Wood, Mud, etc. 3,744,853 (26.4) 2,934,271(35.5) 810,582 (13.7)
Plastic, Polythene 31,990 (0.2) 18,890 (0.2) 13,100 (0.2)
Tiles 5,365,397 (37.9) 3,336,304 (40.3) 2,029,093 (34.4)
Slate 17,218 (0.1) 8,663 (0.1) 8,555 (0.1)
G.I., Metal, Asbestos sheets 466,334 (3.3) 201,638 (2.4) 264,696 (4.5)
Brick 270,913 (1.9) 127,821 (1.5) 143,092 (2.4)
Stone 26,681 (0.2) 12,160 (0.1) 14,521 (0.2)
Concrete 4,205,460 (29.7) 1,613,546 (19.5) 2,591,914 (43.9)
Any other material 44,780 (0.3) 21,497 (0.3) 23,283 (0.4)
46
URBAN HOUSEHOLDS BY DWELLING ROOMS TAMIL
NADU,2001
47
ASSETS AVAILABLE IN RURAL AREAS
TAMIL NADU,2001
48
SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER IN RURAL AREAS
TAML NADU,2001
49
SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER URBAN AREAS.
TAML NADU,2001
50
RECOMMENDATIONS

• The maps of relief, contours, physiography,
  geological structure and housing conditions,
  material used in houses are digitized separately
  into polygon coverages using PC Arc/Info. Census
  data on housing are shown on map using Arc GIS
  software.
• Helpful in identifying the comparative position
  of housing stock prone to disaster.

51

• Therefore, by querying this spatial database and
  the user requirements the planners and developers
  can select the sites which are ideal for their
  intended purpose.
• An overlay of the disaster prone area map and the
  human settlements and infrastructure map can be
  used to identify the endangered human settlements
  for taking early actions to assure the safety of
  them.

52

• Once the sites/areas are selected with the
  guidance of these disaster prone maps, it is
  always advisable to carry out a location specific
  investigation to assess the risk on the intended
  purpose since these maps are based on the census
  data.

53

• These maps also identify the safe areas on the
  basis of housing data and the areas which can be
  utilized with corrective measures.
• These housing data based spatial maps (GIS) can
  play a major roll in taking safety measures by
  local administration/departments in the country.

54

• 
  Well
  Organized Management
• often passes disasters
• 
  Thanks