MBA 669 Special Topics: IT-enabled organizational Forms

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MBA 669Special Topics IT-enabled
organizational Forms

• Dave Salisbury
• salisbury_at_udayton.edu (email)
• http//www.davesalisbury.com/ (web site)

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Stuff to Worry About Tonight

• Infrastructure Who cares?
• Thinking about leveraging the available
  infrastructure to redesign business processes
• Value in a Networked World
• Cisco and the networked world as described by
  Friedman
• The Internet Behind the Web
• The next thing mobile and ubiquitous

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Interstates as infrastructure

• Eisenhower saw it as a means to enable rapid
  mobilization for the military in times of crisis
• Other than the ceremonial first shovel (if that),
  doubt he did much of the designing, engineering
  or building
• Still, the vision led to a designer laying out
  the concept, and engineers building the
  infrastructure to carry it out
• Not just for the military

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Internet as infrastructure

• Military saw it as a means to enhance ability to
  communicate in event of nuclear attack
• Once the pipes are there they can be used for
  pretty much anything
• Once the network was in place and congress passed
  legislation, network gets used for a variety of
  different purposes

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Why do we care?

• The infrastructure constrains yet also enables
  what you can do as a company
• The rules change as to what is and is not
  possible
• Understanding the new possibilities and
  implications for your firm

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Networks the new organization

• MIDS
• Networks supplant hierarchies
• None of us is as smart as all of us
• Movement of responsibility and authority from the
  center to the edges
• Ever more rapid isomorphism
• The straitjacket and the herd

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Where intelligence is migrating

• Location
• Coupled
• Decoupled
• Mobility
• Isolated
• Connected

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Value Trends

• Value at ends
• Common infrastructure ( open standards)
• Modularity
• Orchestration (middleware?)
• Grid computing
• No money in the pipes

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Value in a Networked World

• Arbitrage
• Follow the best source or cheapest cost (or both)
• Aggregation
• GoDaddy (as an example)
• Rewiring
• Tighter coordination both internally externally
  (Dell UPS)
• Reassembly
• Package modules reusable easy to package
  different ones together to provide a unique
  product to anybody

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Cisco (from Friedman)

• How has the availability of the TCP/IP-based
  Internet infrastructure shaped Cisco?
• Could an organizational structure like Ciscos
  have existed without the Internet?
• How do you see this evolving in terms of how we
  think of things like outsourcing, application
  service providers, etc?
• What would Drucker say about this?

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Mobile Ubiquitous Computing

• Computers small enough to be truly mobile
• Replace wires with wireless communication
• Combine mobile devices and a wireless environment
• Ubiquitous Computing computing anytime anywhere

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Mobile Computing Attributes

• Ubiquity
• Convenience
• Instant connectivity
• Personalization
• Localization of products and services

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Mobile Computing Characteristics

• Mobility implies portability
• users carry a mobile device everywhere they go
• real-time contact with other systems from
  wherever they happen to be
• Broad reach is the characteristic that describes
  the accessibility of people. They can be reached
  at any time.
• What does this mean for how you design your
  organization?

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Mobile Computing Drivers

• Widespread availability of mobile devices (1.3
  billion cell phones)
• No need for a PC (less bulk to carry)
• The handset culture (or social disease, IMHO)
• Vendor push
• Moore and Metcalfes laws
• Bigger pipes (bandwidth)

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Mobile Computing Applications

• Support Of Mobile Workers are those working
  outside the corporate premises. Service
  technicians, Sales personnel, Delivery workers,
  etc.
• Wearable Devices. Employees may be equipped with
  a special form of mobile wireless computing
  devices
• Camera.
• Screen.
• Keyboard/Touch-panel display.
• Speech translator

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Mobile Computing Applications

• Job Dispatch along with info about the task
• Transportation
• Utilities measurement
• Field service
• Health care
• Security
• Supporting Other Types of Work
• Farm Tractors
• Mystery shoppers

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Mobile Computing Applications

• Wireless networking, used to pick items out of
  storage in warehouses via PCs mounted on
  forklifts
• Delivery-status updates, entered on PCs inside
  distribution trucks
• Collection of data such as competitors
  inventories and prices in stores using a handheld
  (but not networked) device, from which data were
  transferred to company headquarters each evening.
• Taking physical inventories

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Mobile Computing Mobile B2B

• Integrating the mobile device into the supply
  chain
• make mobile reservations of goods
• check availability of a particular item in the
  warehouse
• order a particular product
• provide security access to confidential financial
  data
• reduce clerical mistakes and improve operations

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Location-based Commerce

• Location of people and things
• Navigation from one location to another
• Tracking where it went
• Mapping something into space
• Getting the time at a specific location

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Location-Based Technologies

• Position Determining Equipment (PDE). This
  equipment identifies the location of the mobile
  device. (GPS)
• Mobile Positioning Center (MPC). The MPC is a
  server that manages the location information sent
  from the PDE.
• Location-based technology. This technology
  consists of groups of servers that combine the
  position information with geographic- and
  location-specific content to provide an
  l-commerce service.
• Geographic content. Geographic contents consists
  of streets, road maps, addresses, routes,
  landmarks, land usage, Zip codes, and the like.
  (GIS)
• Location-specific content. Location-specific
  content is used in conjunction with the
  geographic content to provide the location of
  particular services.

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Location-Based Commerce

• Location-based advertising.
• The wireless device is detected, and similar to a
  pop-up ads on a PC, advertising is directed
  towards the PC.
• A dynamic billboard ad will be personalized
  specifically for the occupant of an approaching
  car.
• Ads on vehicles (taxicabs, trucks, buses) will
  change based on the vehicles location.
• E-911 emergency cell phone calls
• Telematics and telemetry applications
• integration of computers and wireless
  communications in order to improve information
  flow (OnStar system by GM)

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Pervasive Computing

• RFID (radio frequency identification) tag
  attached to items for sale.
• Active badges worn as ID cards by employees.
• Memory buttons are nickel-sized devices that
  store information relating to whatever it is
  attached to.
• Contextual computing- understanding the users
  interactions w/system within a valid context

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More Pervasive Computing

• Smart home
• Local Intranet
• Smart, networked appliances
• Smart Cars
• Microprocessors controlling the various
  automobile functions while driving
• Problem diagnosis in the shop
• Smart Things
• Making devices smart
• Barcodes RFID
• Keys Automatic ID

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Whats new?

• Decoupling is not only of intelligence in
  networks
• Decoupling of information from product
• Decoupling of information from process
• Necessitates getting back to the essence of the
  process
• What versus how