Question: What are the major theories of development?

1
Question What are the major theories of
development?
Section 1 The Study of Development

• MAJOR THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT
• Some psychologists believe that biological
  factors play a greater role in development, while
  others contend that environmental factors are
  most important
• Some psychologists also assert that development
  occurs in stages, while others believe that
  development occurs continuously

2
Question How do infants develop physically?
Section 2 Physical Development

• PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS
• Height and weight increase rapidly
• Muscles and nervous systems soon develop allowing
  them to crawl, walk, and generally act more
  purposefully

3
Question What are some of the ways infants and
children develop socially?
Section 3 Social Development

• SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN
• Attachment begins at about the age of 4 months
  when infants develop specific attachments to
  their main caregivers
• Styles of Parenting - 2 types
• Warm or Cold warm parents show a great deal of
  affection to their children but cold parents may
  not be as affectionate toward their children
• Strict or Permissive strict parents impose very
  strict rules whereas permissive parents impose
  fewer rules
• Child Care has both positive and negative
  effects on social development
• Self-Esteem value or worth that people attach
  to themselves

4
Question What are the stages in Piagets theory
of cognitive development?
Section 4 Cognitive Development

• PIAGETS THEORY
• Four stages of Piagets Theory of Cognitive
  Development
• Sensorimotor Stage learning to coordinate
  sensation and perception with motor activity
• Preoperational Stage children begin to use
  language to represent objects
• Concrete-Operational Stage begins at about the
  age of seven when children begin to show signs of
  adult thinking
• Formational-Operational Stage begins at about
  puberty and represents cognitive maturity

5
Question What are the stages in Kohlbergs
theory of moral development?
Section 4 Cognitive Development

• KOHLBERGS THEORY
• Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development follows a
  specific sequence
• Preconventional Level through the age of nine
  most children base their judgment on the
  consequence of behavior
• Conventional Level judgments are made in terms
  of whether an act conforms to conventional
  standards of right and wrong
• Postconventional Level reasoning based on a
  persons own moral standards of goodness