EOC REVIEW COLONIAL / REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

EOC REVIEW COLONIAL / REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD

Description:

Title: EOC REVIEW COLONIAL / REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD Author: Rebecca B. Griffith Last modified by: BeckyGriffith Created Date: 12/31/2005 1:41:49 AM – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:168
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 80
Provided by: RebeccaB52
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: EOC REVIEW COLONIAL / REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD


1
Becky Griffith
EOC REVIEW COLONIAL / REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
2
13 Colonies
  • New England Colonies
  • Middle Colonies
  • Southern Colonies

3
New England Colonies
4
Pilgrims / Massachusetts
  • The Pilgrims (Puritans) set sail for America on
    the Mayflower in 1620 and settled in Plymouth,
    near Massachusetts Bay.
  • Mayflower Compact was first form of direct
    democracy.

5
Massachusetts
  • William Bradford led the Pilgrims.
  • A Native American named Squanto helped the
    Pilgrims.
  • Massachusetts became a Royal Colony in 1691.

6
Maine
  • Sir Fernando Gorges started the colony named
    Maine around 1625.

7
New Hampshire
  • Captain John Mason started the colony named New
    Hampshire in 1623.

Sir Ferdinando Gorges and CaptainJohn Mason
study their 1622 grant.
8
Rhode Island
  • Roger Williams founded the town of Providence and
    Rhode Island in 1636.

9
Connecticut
  • Thomas Hooker and his followers left
    Massachusetts and founded the town of Hartford,
    in the Connecticut River valley about 1635.
  • They adopted a constitution known as the
    Fundamental Orders of Connecticutthe first
    written constitution of the American colonies.

10
New England Cash Crops / Products
  • Fishing
  • Whaling
  • Lumber
  • Animal Furs
  • Ship Building

11
Middle Colonies
12
Delaware
  • Delaware was founded in 1638 by Peter Minuit and
    the New Sweden Company.

13
New Jersey
  • James granted a large portion of the land to two
    of King Charles IIs closest advisers, Lord
    Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, who renamed the
    colony New Jersey in 1664.
  • New Jersey became a Royal Colony in 1702.

14
Pennsylvania
  • William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania
    in 1682.
  • The colony granted religious and political
    freedom to everyone.

15
New Netherland / New Amsterdam
  • Dutch merchants hired an English navigator named
    Henry Hudson to find a route through North
    America to the Pacific.
  • The merchants claimed the region for the Dutch,
    calling it New Netherland.
  • The Dutch established New Amsterdam, their major
    settlement, on Manhattan Island.

16
New York
  • James, the Duke of York, seized New Netherland
    from the Dutch and renamed the land New York in
    1664.
  • New York became a Royal Colony in 1685.

17
Middle Colonies Cash Crops / Products
  • Wheat
  • Rye
  • Oats
  • Barley
  • Potatoes
  • Flour
  • Rum
  • Cattle

18
Southern Colonies
19
Virginia / Jamestown
  • In 1606 the king of England granted the Virginia
    Company a charter to establish colonies in
    Virginia.
  • 144 men sent to Virginia founded the settlement
    of Jamestown.
  • The leadership of Captain John Smith and
    assistance from the Powhatan Confederacy, the
    local Native Americans, helped the colony survive.

20
Virginia / Jamestown
  • Jamestown elected representatives called
    burgesses, and their legislative body was called
    the House of Burgesses.
  • Virginia was founded 1607, but became a Royal
    Colony in 1624.

21
Maryland
  • Lord Baltimore, a Catholic member of Parliament,
    founded Maryland in 1634, so Catholics could
    practice their religion without persecution.
  • Baltimore owned Maryland, making it the first
    proprietary colony.

22
North and South Carolina
  • King Charles II granted land south of Virginia to
    his friends and political allies.
  • The land, known as Carolina, developed as two
    separate regions.

23
North Carolina
  • North Carolina was founded in 1653 by the
    Virginians.
  • North Carolina became a Royal Colony in 1729.

24
South Carolina
  • In 1663, a small group of Nobles obtained a Royal
    Charter from King Charles II and founded South
    Carolina.
  • South Carolina became a Royal Colony in 1729.

25
Georgia
  • James Oglethorpe started the colony of Georgia in
    1732.
  • He established the colony as a place for English
    debtors to start over rather than to be
    imprisoned for their debts.
  • Georgia became a Royal Colony in 1752.

26
Southern Colonies Cash Crops / Products
  • Tobacco
  • Sugar Cane
  • Indigo
  • Tar, Pitch, Turpentine
  • Deer Skins
  • Rice

27
King Phillips War
  • King Phillips War
  • The trial and execution of three Wampanoag led to
    attacks by the Native Americans against the
    colonists.

28
Anne Hutchinson
  • Anne Hutchinson was declared a heretic and
    banished from Massachusetts for her challenge of
    Puritan practices.

29
Bacons Rebellion
  • The refusal of Governor Berkeley to use military
    action against the Native Americans led to
    Bacons Rebellion.
  • Backcountry farmers wanted government support
    against the Native Americans, whose land they
    wanted.
  • Bacon and a group of backcountry settlers
    organized their own militia to fight the Native
    Americans.
  • Later, Bacon seized power from the governor and
    battled for control of Jamestown.

30
Slavery and Triangular Trade
31
Slave Codes
  • In 1705 Virginia enacted a slave codea set of
    laws that regulated slavery and defined the
    relationship between enslaved Africans and free
    people.

32
Mercantilism
  • Mercantilism is a set of ideas about the world
    economy and how it works.
  • Mercantilists believed that a countrys wealth
    was measured by the amount of gold and silver it
    possessed.
  • Mercantilists believed that having a greater
    number of exports than imports would result in
    more gold and silver flowing into the country.

33
Navigation Acts
  • In 1660 Parliament passed a navigation act that
    required all goods imported or exported from the
    colonies to be transported on English ships.
  • The act also listed specific raw materials that
    the colonies could sell only to England.
  • Parliament passed another navigation act in 1663.
  • This law required all goods imported by the
    colonies to come through England.

34
John Locke
  • John Locke, a political philosopher, wrote a book
    entitled Two Treatises of Government.
  • In the book, Locke asserted that all people were
    born with natural rights, including the right to
    life, liberty, and property.

35
Montesquieu
  • Baron Montesquieu, another influential
    Enlightenment writer, argued that to protect
    peoples liberties, a government should be
    separated into different branches to provide
    checks and balances against one another.

36
Great Awakening
  • Many American colonists in the 1700s turned to a
    religious movement called pietism, which stressed
    an individuals devoutness and emotional union
    with God.
  • Ministers spread pietism through revivals, large
    public meetings for preaching and prayer.
  • This revival of religious feelings became known
    as the Great Awakening.

37
Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield Two
Great Awakening Preachers
38
French and Indian War
  • War fought between France (with allied Indian
    nations) and Britain for control of eastern
    North America from 1754 to 1763.
  • 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the war.
  • In the treaty, France turned present-day Canada
    over to Britain and surrendered its claim to all
    lands east of the Mississippi River.
  • The only exception was the city of New Orleans,
    which France had given to Spain in a secret
    treaty in 1762.
  • The British returned Cuba, which they had
    captured during the war to Spain in exchange for
    Florida.

39
Other
Other names include Queen Anne's War, King
William's War, The Seven Year's War
40
Albany Plan of Union
  • During a meeting called the Albany Conference
    between the colonists and the Iroquois, the
    conference issued the Albany Plan of Unionthe
    first suggestion that the colonies unite to form
    a federal government.

41
George Grenville
  • After the French-Indian War, Britain was left
    with heavy financial debt.
  • The new Prime Minister George Grenville asked,
    Why shouldnt these colonists begin to pay some
    of the costs of their own government and
    defense?

42
Proclamation Line 1763
  • It forbade Americans to settle in the region west
    of the Appalachian Mountains.
  • The proclamation angered many farmers and land
    speculators.

43
Sugar Act 1764
  • It imposed duties on sugar, coffee, tea,wine,
    textiles, indigo (blue dye), pimento,and other
    imports.
  • It expanded jurisdiction of vice-admiralty
    courts.
  • It reduced the tax on imported foreign molasses.

44
Stamp Act 1765
  • Printed documentsdeeds, newspapers, marriage
    licenses, pamphlets, almanacs, all legal and
    commercial documentsissued only on special
    stamped paper purchased from stamp distributors
    stamps also had to be purchased for decks of
    playing cards and dice.

45
No taxation without representation!
  • Colonists argued that they were being taxed
    without representation in Parliament.

46
Currency Act of 1764
  • This act banned the use of paper money in the
    colonies, angering colonial farmers and artisans
    who used paper money to pay back loans.

47
Quartering Act 1765
  • Colonists forced to supply British troops with
    housing and bedding as well as candles, salt,
    rum, fire, vinegar, beer, cider.

48
Declaratory Act 1766
  • Parliament declares its sovereignty over the
    colonies in all cases whatsoever.

49
Townshend Revenue Acts 1767
  • New duties were imposed on glass, lead, paper,
    paints, and tea.
  • British customs collections tightened in America.
  • It created a customs commission.
  • It suspended the New York Assembly for failing to
    comply with the act.
  • It legalized the use of general search warrants
    called writs of assistance.

50
Boston Massacre 1770
  • British troops opened fire at a crowd of
    colonists and killed five Americans, including
    ex-slave Crispus Attucks, the first casualty in
    the cause for American Independence.

51
Gaspee Burned 1772
  • In 1772 the British customs ship, the Gaspee, ran
    aground and was seized by colonists and burned.
  • The British took suspects to England for trial.

52
Tea Act 1773
  • Parliament gives the East India Company the right
    to sell tea directly to Americans which made East
    Indias tea cheaper than smuggled Dutch tea.

53
Boston Tea Party 1773
  • Colonists tossed British tea into Boston Harbor
    to show their hatred of the tea tax.

54
Intolerable Acts 1774 (Cohersive Acts)
  • It closed port of Boston to all shipping until
    the town made restitution for the tea destroyed
    at the Boston Tea Party.
  • It restructured Massachusetts government.
  • It restricted town meetings.
  • British troops were quartered in Boston.
  • Officials accused of crimes were sent to England
    or Canada for trial.

55
Quebec Act 1774
  • It created a government for the French Roman
    Catholic colony of Quebec.
  • It prevented the colonists from moving West.
  • It extended the borders of Quebec to include the
    land between the Ohio and Missouri Rivers.

56
First Continental Congress
  • The First Continental Congress met in
    Philadelphia in 1774.
  • The congress wrote the Declaration of Rights and
    Grievances, which expressed loyalty to the king,
    but condemned the Coercive Acts and announced
    that the colonies were forming a non-importation
    association.

57
Prohibitory Acts 1775
  • Declared British intention to coerce Americans
    into submission placed an embargo on American
    goods seized all American ships.

58
April 19, 1775
  • War broke out between Great Britain and the
    American colonies.
  • On that day, about 800 British troops marched to
    Concord, Massachusetts, to capture the arms and
    ammunition hidden there by the colonists.

59
April Morning
  • The British soldiers hoped to surprise the
    Americans, but Paul Revere, William Dawes, and
    Dr. Samuel Prescott had warned the colonists that
    the British were coming.

60
The shot heard round the world
  • In the towns of Lexington and Concord, the first
    shots of the American Revolution were fired.
  • About 70 armed Minutemen fought valiantly, but
    within minutes, 8 Americans lay dead on the
    village green and another 10 were wounded.

61
The shot heard round the world
  • When the Battles of Lexington and Concord were
    over, more than 70 British soldiers had been
    killed and more than 170 wounded before the force
    reached the safety of Boston.
  • The Americans counted more than 90 Patriots as
    either killed, wounded, or missing.
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson
  • "Concord Hymn" (1837)

62
Revolutionary War
  • The American Revolutionary War, which became a
    war for American independence from Britain, had
    begun.
  • Americans called Loyalists, or Tories, remained
    loyal to the king and felt British laws should be
    upheld.
  • The Patriots, or Whigs, thought the British were
    tyrants.

63
Thomas Paine
  • Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense a pamphlet that
    persuaded many readers, including many who had
    favored a peaceful settlement of differences with
    the British government, to support a
    complete--and likely violentbreak with Britain
    instead.
  • Common Sense was written in a simple, direct
    style, and it suggested that anyone could
    understand the conflict between Great Britain and
    the colonies.

64
tis time to part!
  • The period of debate is closed. Arms, as the
    last resource, decide the contest . . .
    Everything that is right or natural pleads for
    separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping
    voice of nature cries, TIS TIME TO PART.

65
Second Continental Congress
  • After the battles at Lexington and Concord, the
    Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia
    to address the issue of defense.
  • The Congress voted to adopt the militia army
    around Boston and named it the Continental Army.

66
Olive Branch Petition
  • The Second Continental Congress convened on May
    10, 1775 amid calls for a revolutionary war with
    Britain.
  • In July 1775, they sent a document known as the
    Olive Branch Petition to the king.
  • It stated that the colonies were still loyal to
    King George III and asked the king to call off
    the army while a compromise could be made.

67
Declaration of Independence
  • On July 2, 1776 the Congress voted for national
    independence and on July 4, 1776 it adopted the
    Declaration of Independence.
  • Thomas Jefferson, main author
  • America defeats Great Britain in the war.

68
Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union
  • In November 1777, the Continental Congress
    adopted the Articles of Confederation and
    Perpetual Union.
  • This was a plan for a loose union of the states
    under Congress.
  • Firm League of Friendship
  • The Articles of Confederation set up a weak
    central government.
  • Dates it was in effect 1781-1788

69
Northwest Ordinance
  • The Congress also set up the Northwest Ordinance
    as a basis for governing much of this territory.
  • The ordinance created a new territory north of
    the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River,
    which could become three to five states.

70
Shayss Rebellion 1786
  • Shayss Rebellion broke out in Massachusetts in
    1786.
  • It started when the government of Massachusetts
    decided to raise taxes to pay off its debt
    instead of issuing paper money.
  • Farmers rebelled by shutting county courthouses.
  • The farmers, led by Daniel Shays, went to a state
    arsenal to get weapons.

71
Shayss Rebellion 1786
  • A government militia defended the arsenal against
    the rebels, killing four farmers.
  • Many Americans began to see the risk of having a
    weak central government and called for a change
    in government.

72
Iroquois Confederation / Constitution
  • A league of six related Indian tribes
  • An independently developed political system with
    the oldest surviving constitution in North
    America
  • Great Binding Law
  • They worked together jointly on matters of war
    and peace and other common concerns.

73
Quakers
  • The Religious Society of Friends is another name
    for Quakers.
  • Traces its origin to a Christian movement in
    mid-17th century England and Wales.
  • Quakers are one of the peace churches, alongside
    the Mennonites and Amish, because of their
    emphasis on Christian pacifism.

74
Catholics
  • Non-protestant Christians
  • Led by the Pope
  • The Church defines its mission as spreading the
    gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the
    sacraments, and exercising charity.
  • Teaches that it was founded by Jesus Christ, that
    its bishops are successors of his apostles, and
    that the Pope is the successor of St. Peter.

75
Salem Witch Trials
  • Series of hearings before local magistrates
    followed by county court trials to prosecute
    people accused of witchcraft in colonial
    Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693.
  • Over 150 people were arrested and imprisoned,
    with even more accused but not formally pursued
    by the authorities.
  • More than 26 who went to trial were convicted.
  • Nineteen of the accused, 14 women and 5 men, were
    hanged.
  • One the most famous cases of mass hysteria

76
Sons of Liberty
  • A political group made up of American Patriots
    that originated in the pre-independence North
    American British colonies.
  • The group was designed to incite change in the
    British government's treatment of the Colonies in
    the years following the end of the French and
    Indian War.

77
Indentured Servants
  • Typically a young unskilled laborer came to
    America under contract to work an employer for a
    fixed period of time, typically 3-7 years, in
    exchange for their ocean transportation, food,
    clothing, lodging and other necessities during
    the term of their indenture.
  • Included men and women most under age 21, and
    most became helpers on farms or house servants.
  • They were not paid wages.

78
Joint-Stock Companies
  • Forerunner of the modern corporation.
  • In a joint-stock venture, stock was sold to
    wealthy investors who provided capital and had
    limited risk.
  • These companies had proven profitable in the past
    with trading ventures.
  • The risk was small, and the returns
  • were fairly quick.

79
Joint-Stock Companies, Continued
  • Investing in a colony was an altogether different
    venture.
  • The risk was larger as the colony might fail.
  • The startup costs were enormous and the returns
    might take years.
  • Investors in such endeavors needed more than a
    small sense of adventure.
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com