Social Reforms

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Social Reforms

• There are many but they are some of the most
  fun to discuss!

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• SOCIAL REFORMS The idea that the governments
  powers get expanded, so it could
• become more active in improving
• the lives of its citizens (a.k.a. Social Welfare)

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Social Reform 1

• Safer Food
• Government Inspection of Food needed
• Proper Labeling
• Cleanliness of factories
• Have you read The Jungle?
• Yuck!

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Remember . . . The Jungle

• Written by Upton Sinclair
• Talks about the horrors of the meat packing
  industry
• Informs public and govt. of problem

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Result Meat Inspection Act of 1906

• All animals were required to pass an inspection
  by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration prior to
  slaughter
• All carcasses were subject to a post-mortem
  inspection
• Cleanliness standards were established for
  slaughterhouses and processing plants.

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Social Reform 2

• Safer Medicines
• Restrict Harmful Drugs
• Proper Labeling
• Government Approval of Future Drugs/Medicines

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Patent Medicines

• Medicines at the turn of the century did not
  require a prescription.

• Making exaggerated claims, they were used for a
  variety of ailments.
• Many contained dangerous ingredients.

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Note ?

• ...More Exaggerated Claims!

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Cocaine was a common ingredient even for
children's medicines
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Until 1903, a typical serving contained around
60mg of cocaineYou'll be surprised how quickly
it will ease the tired brain
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Morphine
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Notice it's from the makers of Bayer Aspirin...
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Result Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

• Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created and
  responsible for testing all foods and drugs
  planned for human use
• Prescriptions required from licensed physicians
  for certain drugs
• Warning labels required on habit-forming drugs

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Social Reform 3

• Womens rights
• Suffrage (voting)
• Owning Property
• Divorce
• Clothing
• Birth Control

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Womens Reform Leaders

• Susan B Anthony early activist who worked
  towards gaining suffrage for women
• Created National
• American Woman
• Suffrage Association
• (NAWSA)

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Womens Reform Leaders

• Alice Paul radical activist who worked towards
  gaining suffrage for women. Part of new
  generation.
• Created Congressional
• Union (CU) wanted an
• Amendment giving
• Women right to vote

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School House Rock - Sufferin' Till Suffrage

• Mary Poppins

Mary Poppins Sister Suffragette
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Social Reform 4

• Protection of the Environment
• Antiquities Act of 1906
• Allows President to designate National Monuments
• Protect and Preserve Wildlife Areas

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Tenement Life
Social Reform 5

• The Over- Crowding of the Cities
• Poor Living Conditions
• Unsanitary Conditions

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Airshaft of a dumbbell tenement, New York City,
taken from the roof, c. 1900.
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Two officials of the New York City Tenement House
Department inspect a cluttered basement living
room, ca. 1900. 196-GS-32.
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Social Reform 6

• Unsafe Working Conditions/Child Labor

• Fewer Hours
• Higher Wages
• Safer Factories
• Unions

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• Child labor photos

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Mar. 25, 1911

• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory operated on the
  top 3 floors of the 10 story Asche Building in
  New York City

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• In 1911, Unsafe working conditions lead to a
  deadly fire

• Notice that the tallest ladders owned by the fire
  dept. only reach the 6th floor

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• Rather than burn alive in the swift moving fire,
  many women jump from windows

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• This is actually a photo of the building after
  the fire! Note how there is very little damage
  on the outside of the building

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• Eight months after the fire, a jury acquitted
  the factory owners, of any wrong doing.
• Twenty-three individual civil suits were brought
  against the owners of the Asch building. On March
  11, 1913, three years after the fire, the owners
  settled. They paid 75 dollars per life lost.
• This tragedy led to a push for comprehensive
  safety and workers compensation laws.

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Social Reform 7

• Early Civil Rights Movement
• African Americans were still fighting for basic
  rights guaranteed to them in
  the Constitution

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Problems African Americans Faced

• Voter Restrictions
• Poll Tax Pay a fee to vote
• Literacy Test prove you could read write to
  vote
• Grandfather Clause exempts a group of people
  from obeying a law provided they met certain
  conditions before law was passed

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Problems African Americans Faced

• Jim Crow Laws System of laws that segregated
  public services by race

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Problems African Americans Faced

• Plessy v. Ferguson Separate but Equal (1896)
• Supreme Court ruled
  against Homer Plessy
  saying segregation
  was legal as long as
  separate facilities
  were equal

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Problems African Americans Faced

• Lynching mobs illegal seizure execution of a
  person, usually by hanging

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African American Leaders

• Booker T. Washington encouraged African
  Americans to become educated learn a trade
• Wanted to work slowly and diligently towards
  rights nothing radical

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African American Leaders

• W.E.B. DuBois encouraged Top 10 of African
  Americans to attend college become leaders
  Also started the N.A.A.C.P.

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African American Leaders

• NAACP National Association for the Advancement
  of Colored People
• Worked through courts to gain equal rights for
  African Am.

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Our Progressive Presidents

• Theodore Roosevelt
• Republican
• Youngest President
• Took office after McKinley was assasinated

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What Does TR Do?

• Led fight to dissolve 40 monopolies and became
  known as trust buster
• Promised a Square Deal" or a fair shake for the
  average citizen it includes
• regulation of railroad rates and pure foods and
  drugs.
• promotion of the conservation movement,
  emphasizing efficient use of natural resources.

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Our Progressive Presidents

• William Howard Taft
• Republican
• Promised to continue TRs ideas
• Tried but lacked TRs energy

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William Taft

• Initiated 80 antitrust suits (more than TR!)
• Established the Interstate Commerce Commission to
  set railroad rates
• Submitted to the states amendments for a Federal
  income tax and the direct election of Senators

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1912 Election
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Our Progressive Presidents

• Woodrow Wilson
• Anti-trust legislation established a Federal
  Trade Commission to prohibit unfair business
  practices.
• Laws prohibiting child labor another limited
  railroad workers to an eight-hour day.
• Lowered Tariffs reduced prices on goods for the
  lower class

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Progressive Constitutional Amendments

• 16th Amendment Congress can levy income taxes
• 17th Amendment Direct Election of Senators
• 18th Amendment Prohibition of Alcohol
• 19th Amendment Womens Suffrage