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The Emergence of civilizations (@ 4000-3000 BCE)

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Title: The Emergence of civilizations (@ 4000-3000 BCE)


1
The Emergence of civilizations (_at_ 4000-3000 BCE)
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EARLY RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS
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Origins
  • Why Mesopotamia?
  • Fertile Crescent/Tigris/Euphrates (pg 30)
  • Where? Modern day Kuwait and Iraq.
  • Who were first to arrive? Sumerians
  • Disadvantages
  • unpredictable flooding (unlike Egypt)
  • No natural protection
  • Limited natural resources
  • How where these problems solved?
  • City-states

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The Standard of Ur
  • Clearly defined social classes

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Emergence of organized formalized religions
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SUMER (p. 29-33)
  • Cuneiform- knife carves wedges into a tablet
  • Scribes worked with over 580 letters. Few could
    use cuneiform
  • Epic of Gilgamesh
  • Cultural diffusion
  • Ziggurats
  • Conquered by Sargon and the Akkadians
  • Worlds first________.

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cuneiform writing
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Sumerian farmers plowing
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Bronze Age tools and weapons
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sailboat
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limestone bowls Ur
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Sumerian statues of Gods and Goddesses
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Standard of Ur
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Scenes of Peace
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Scenes of war
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Sumerian necklace
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Sumerian Bull's Head, Lyre from Tomb of Paubi,
c. 2600 B.C.
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Early Sumerian writingpictographs
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Later Sumerian writingrepresent sounds down from
3000 to 300
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The Behistun Rock the key to deciphering
cuneiform
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BABYLON (p.33)
  • Amorites invade Mesopotamia around 2000 BC
  • Establish capital at Babylon on the Euphrates
  • Hammurabi and his code (eye for an eye)
  • Concept of codification
  • Rights to women?

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ASSYRIANS (p.95-97)
  • Capital is Ninevah
  • Known for being nasty, violent, and vile (often
    massacred conquered cities)
  • Militaristic people with advanced weapons
  • Eventually conquered by neo-Babylonians
    (Chaldeans)and Medes
  • 2 important kings Sennacharib and Ashurbanipal

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Relief Assyrian conquest of Israel
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CHALDEANS (p.97-98)
  • New or Neo Babylonians
  • Nebuchadnezzar
  • Legends about Babylon Hanging Gardens, 11 mile
    long wall, walls were supposedly thick enough for
    a 4 horse chariot to ride on

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Solomons Temple
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Wailing Wall
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Lion Hunt
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