Exploration and Settlement

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Exploration and Settlement
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Preview Activity

• Groups of students
• Students walked around claiming furniture with
  sticky notes
• One group started before the rest
• Other groups rushed to catch up
• First group had 30 sticky notes

• European countries
• Explorers claiming land
• with flags.
• Spain was first with Columbus
• Other countries tried to catch up
• Spain claimed the most land in the new world

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Goals

• Identify the motives behind European explorations
  to the Americas
• Describe the differences between Spanish, French,
  English, and Dutch settlements in America
• Explain how European expansion and settlement
  affected Native Americans and West Africans

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Word Wall Words

• Priests
• Trapper
• Mission
• Presidio
• Pueblo
• Colony

• Conquistador
• Slavery
• Plantation
• Columbian Exchange
• New World
• Explorers

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People to Know

• Cartier
• Cabot
• Hudson
• Coronado
• Cortes
• Pizarro
• Columbus
• Minuit
• Stuyvesant

• Pocahontas
• John Smith
• Rolfe
• Joliet
• Marquette
• DeLeon
• La Salle
• Raleigh

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Renaissance

• Increased wealth to pursue arts and education
• Mid 1300s to 1600s experienced a rebirth
• Science and technology

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Renaissance
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Direct trade with Asia

• Trade with Africa
• Trade with Asia desirable but expensive
• Italian monopoly
• Marco Polo
• Spread of Christianity
• Technology of the Middle Ages

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Columbus

• From Genoa
• Read Marco Polo
• Sail west to get to China
• Unknown ocean to the west (est. 10,000mi)
• Error in calculation

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Columbus in Spain

• Ferdinand and Isabella
• Six year war
• Funded him to compete with Portugal
• Pearls, precious stones, gold and silver
• August 3, 1492 set sail with the Nina, Pinta, and
  Santa Maria (larger of three)
• Month passed with no sign of land
• October 12, 1492 land was sighted

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The first explorations

• Bahamas and Hispaniola
• Indians but no gold
• 2 months, La Navidad with 20 men
• Treasures
• Reaction of Europeans
• Visitors
• Need to convert and explore

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Columbuss later explorations

• 3 more
• Navidad destroyed
• First to see South America
• Could not grow European crops
• 1502 last voyage with his son
• Shipwrecked and ruined
• Died unnoticed and unsung

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How did Spain establish territorial claims in the
Caribbean and South America?

• Cortes- Mexico
• Pizarro-Peru
• Columbus-Caribbean Islands

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What was life like in the Spanish Settlements in
the Caribbean and South America?

• Looking for gold
• Sugar Plantations
• Need for labor from Native Americans
• Disease killed large numbers of Natives
• Need for laborers from African slave traders

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What type of relationship existed between Spanish
and Native Americans living in the Caribbean and
S.Am?

• Harsh treatment from Cortes on the Aztecs
• Pizarro killed the leader of the Incas even
  though he gave him the gold he wanted
• Diseases
• Slave labor
• Change

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The Conquistadors

• Conquistador is Spanish for conqueror
• Cortes conquers Aztecs
• Impact of disease
• Pizarro conquers the Incas

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De Leon, Coronado, Cortes, Pizarro
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How did Spain establish territorial claims in
North America?

• Ponce de Leon discovers Florida in 1513
• Hernando De Soto explores the southeast in 1539
• Coronado is the first European to see the Grand
  Canyon in 1540.
• While in search of the Seven Cities of Cibola but
  found seven little pueblos

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Cabrillo and California
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What types of permanent settlements did the
Spanish establish in North America?

• Pueblo- towns usually built upon site of Indian
  villages
• Missions established by priests to convert
  Indians (S.F., El Paso)
• Presidios military bases on the frontier (St.
  Augustine)

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Presidio
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Pueblo
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Spanish Mission
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What type of relationship existed between the
Spanish and the Native Americans living in N.Am?

• Pueblo people learned about new tools, grow food,
  raise sheep
• Many converted to Catholicism
• Spanish learned new farming techniques
• Harsh treatment of Native Americans for slave
  labor
• Beating of those who did not convert
• Disease, death
• Rebellion

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How did France establish territorial claims in
North America?

• Cartier claimed Canada
• Champlain claimed the trading post of Quebec
• Marquette and Joliet explored the Mississippi
  River
• Robert La Salle claimed Louisiana

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Race for Empires

• Cartier explores the St. Lawrence river in 1534
• Religious civil wars between French Catholics and
  Huguenots
• Quebec founded by Champlain in 1608
• First permanent settlement in the new world
• Champlain is the father of New France

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What was life like in French settlements in N.Am?

• Fur trappers, or coureur de bois, and
  missionaries came to New France.
• Colony failed to grow
• Harsh climate
• Best land went to nobility
• Trading of furs

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What was the relationship between the French and
Native Americans living in North America?

• Business partners
• Friendly
• Huron close allies
• Enemies with Iroquois
• Diseases killed many

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New France

• French economy relies heavily on the fur trade in
  the new world
• Indians trapped and traded with the French
• Blankets, guns, trinkets, pots, and pans
• Grew slowly
• Pierre Marquette and Joliet explore south of
  Great lakes in 1673 along the Mississippi River

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How did English establish territorial claims in
N.America?

• John Cabot in New Foundland
• Raleigh
• Roanoke
• Jamestown

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English settlements

• New Foundland 1582
• Sir Walter Raleigh attempts to colonize off the
  coast of North Carolina in 1585.
• Establishes the colony of Roanoke
• Second attempt in 1585 with 150 men and women

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Lost Colony of Roanoke

• Spanish Armada delays supply until 1590
• No settlers found but buildings are standing
• CROATOAN
• Unsolved mystery

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What was life like in Jamestown?

• Difficult
• Swamp area with disease carrying mosquitoes
• Laziness from settlers
• John Smith took over during the starving time
• Native Americans refuse to trade during this time

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Pocahontas and John Smith
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Settlement at Jamestown

• London Company forms a Joint Stock company after
  the failure of Roanoke
• April 26th, 1607, 3 ships and 105 male colonist
  sail for America
• Adventurers with little skill, disease, salt
  water, lack of supplies, harsh winter
• John Smith takes control
• Smith captured and saved by Pocahontas

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Powhatan Confederacy

• Algonquian Indians
• Brought food, taught how to plant crops
• Colonist forcefully took supplies from time to
  time
• 1609, 400 more settlers came, John Smith back to
  England
• Starving time winter of 1609 to summer of 1610
  only 60 of 500 colonist survive

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War in Virginia

• John Rolfe marries Pocahontas, a Powhatan chiefs
  daughter
• Colonist surviving on their own without Powhatan,
  want more land for tobacco
• 1622, colonist attack and kill Powhatan leader
• Rolfe is killed in retaliation with 350 other
  men, women and children
• War continues for 20 years

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How did the Netherlands establish territorial
claims in North America?

• Henry Hudson in present day New York state and
  into Canada
• Peter Minuit buys Manhattan island

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What was life like in New Netherland?

• Fur trade
• 8,000 people from many nations including
  Africans, Europeans, and Jews seeking religious
  freedom
• Peter Stuyvesant was the governor
• English drive the Dutch out and rename it New
  York
• Capital New Amsterdam

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What type of relationship existed between the
Dutch and Native Americans living in New
Netherlands?

• Friendly with the Iroquois
• Supplied the Iroquois with guns and weapons to
  fight the Huron