Progressivism

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Progressivism

• 1900 1920

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Origins of Progressivism

• Populism Platform
• Growing Middle Class
• Gave a cleaned-up face to Populist arguments
• Influence of the Panic of 1893 ( depression for
  much of the 1890s) the 3rd Great Awakening
• Socialism
• Conservative Movement(?)
• Goals efficient government could protect the
  public interest and restore order to society
• Govt is an agency of human welfare

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Progressive Agenda

• Covered many different areas
• Antimonopoly
• Eliminate Political Machines
• Improve Living Conditions
• Improve Working Conditions

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The Call for Progressive Reform

• Education
• Writers (pre-1900)
• Jacob Riis
• Charlotte Perkins Gilman
• Socialist writers
• Social Gospel Movement
• Mix of religion and reform
• Salvation Army

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Muckrakers

• Journalist who expose ills of society
• Trusts, railroads, political machines, child
  labor, ghettoes, prostitution, family
  disorganization, oppression of blacks, govt,
  labor unions, etc.
• Ida M. Tarbell
• Standard Oil Trust
• Upton Sinclair The Jungle 1906
• Lincoln Steffens
• Municipal and Govt

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Progressive Activists

• Women as Social Workers
• Jane Adams and Hull House
• Women Child Labor Reform
• Florence Kelley
• Muller v. Oregon
• Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire

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Political Reforms

• Municipal Reform to State Reform to National
  Reform
• The Wisconsin Experiment (Robert La Follette)
• End political machines and regulate utilities
• Direct primaries
• Initiative
• Referendum
• Recall
• Australian Ballot
• Commission System

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Theodore Roosevelt

• 1st Modern President
• Square Deal
• Control of Corporations
• Trustbuster
• Consumer Protection
• Conservation of Natural Resources
• Reelection in 1904

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Panic of 1907

• Causes
• Speculation
• Overextension of credit
• Affects
• Roosevelt blamed
• Does not run for another term
• Need for elastic money supply
• Labor and local reformers gain more support

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William H. Taft

• Background
• Conservative and Progressive
• Dollar Diplomacy
• Trustbuster
• Progressive Legislation
• Conservation
• Mann-Elkins Act (1910)
• Strengthened regulation of railroads
• Postal Savings Bank System (1910)
• Promote savings among the poor

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Taft and Roosevelt Split

• Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909)
• Did not lower the tariffs much, raised some
• Ballinger-Pinchot Affair (1910)
• Secretary of the Interior Ballinger opens up
  protected land to private development
• Roosevelts New Nationalism
• Graduated taxes, workers compensation, women
  child labor laws, tariff reform, corporate
  regulations
• Midterm election of 1910
• Roosevelt runs against Taft

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Election of 1912

• Democrats Woodrow Wilson
• New Freedom (Progressive)
• Progressive-Republican Party (Bull Moose Party)
  Teddy Roosevelt
• New Nationalism
• Republicans (old guard) Taft
• Socialists Eugene V. Debs (1 million votes,
  peak)
• Results Wilson wins with only 41 of vote
• Progressives (TR WW) majority of vote

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Dr. Woodrow Wilson

• Background
• Virginian (first from seceded state since Civil
  War)
• White Supremacist
• Clear Plan of how government should run
• New Freedom
• Small business, free market economy
• Antitrust, changes in money system, reduce
  tariffs
• Against social welfare
• Social issues were state issues (states rights?)

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Wilsons Progressive Reforms

• Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)
• Attack monopolies and prevent unfair trade
  practices
• Clayton Anti-trust Act (1914)
• Other Progressive Reforms
• Federal Highway Act (1916)
• Workingmen's Compensation Act (1916)
• Child Labor Act (1916)
• Minimum Wages
• Prison and reform school reform

• Underwood Tariff Bill (1913)
• Reduced tariff by _at_ 10
• Enacted graduated income tax (16th Amendment)
• 1 gt 4,000, 7 gt 500,000
• Federal Reserve Act (1913)
• Decentralized banking system, more access and
  public control
• Federal Reserve Board
• Federal Reserve Notes

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Election of 1916

• Republicans and Bull Moose
• Teddy Roosevelt refused to split party again (end
  of Progressive Party)
• Charles Evans Hughes
• Wilson He kept us out of war
• Wilson defeats Hughes

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Progressive Amendments

• 16th Amendment
• National Income Tax
• 17th Amendment
• Direct Election of Senators
• 18th Amendment
• Prohibition
• 19th Amendment
• Womens Suffrage

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Supreme Court during the Progressive Era

• Anti-progressive
• Lochner v. New York (1905)
• Overturned 10 hour workday for some industries
• Overturned Child Labor Act
• Adkins v. Childrens Hospital (1923)
• Overturned minimum wage for women
• Pro-progressive
• Louis D. Brandeis first Jewish Supreme Court
  Justice
• Muller v. Oregon (1908)
• Upheld 10 hour work day in Oregon
• Other
• Schenck v. U.S. (1919)
• Congress can limit speech if a danger (fire in a
  theater)

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Other Progressive Reform

• Prohibition
• Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the
  Anti-Saloon League
• WWI
• 18th Amendment (1919)
• Volstead Act
• Biggest failure of Progressive Era
• African Americans
• Few gains in Progressive Era
• Great Migration to the North
• Race riots and lynching (Ida B. Wells)
• W.E.B. DuBois vs. Booker T. Washington
• Formation of NAACP
• Wilson intensifies segregation