Chapter 3 Vocabulary

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Chapter 3 Vocabulary

1. Constitution 19. Expressed powers
2. Bicameral 20. reserved powers
3. Confederation 21. concurrent powers
4. Ratify
5. Constitutional Convention
6. Great Compromise
7. Three-Fifths Compromise
8. Federalists
9. Anti Federalists
10. Preamble
11. Legislative Branch
12. Executive Branch
13. Judicial Branch
14. Amendment
15. Popular sovereignty
16. Rule of law
17. Separation of powers
18. Checks and balances

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Chapter 3- Constitution

1. Where was the Constitutional Convention held?
2. Who was chosen to lead the Convention?
3. Who was not there (states and people)?
4. What rules (operating procedures) did they
   establish?
5. What was James Madisons Plan (name and
   description)?
6. What was the alternative plan (name and
   description)?
7. How did they solve this problem (name and
   description)?
8. What other compromises had to be made?

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Where was the Convention held?

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at Independence Hall

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Who was chosen to lead the Convention?

• George Washington- war hero of the Revolutionary
  War
• Chosen unanimously

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Who was not there (states and people)?

• Thomas Jefferson- writer of Dec. of Ind.
• Patrick Henry
• John Adams
• Rhode Island- was against creating a government
  led by a strong federal govt.

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What rules did they establish?

• Each state gets 1 vote
• Votes would be by majority rule
• No records would be kept- allow people to speak
  their minds without concern about others finding
  out later (James Madison did keep a secret
  journal)
• Would need only 7 states to be present

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What was James Madisons Plan (name and
description)?

• Virginia Plan
• 3 branches of government
• Legislative branch where representation would be
  by Population
• Favored by the Big states (larger population so
  would get more representation and power)

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What was the alternative plan (name and
description)?

• New Jersey Plan written by William Patterson
• 3 branches of government
• Legislative branch where representation would be
  equal for all states
• Favored by the small states

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How did they solve this problem (name and
description)?

• The Great Compromise by Roger Sherman
  (Connecticut Compromise)
• Government with 3 branches
• A bicameral (2 houses) Legislature
• House of Representatives- representation by
  Population
• Senate- all states equal- 2 per state

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What other compromises had to be made?

• 3/5 Compromise- 5 slaves would count as 3 free
  people for representation and taxes
• Electoral College would be created to elect the
  President
• Commerce- no tariffs on exports in exchange for
  not outlawing the slave trade

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The Big Debate

• How to keep the government from becoming too
  strong
• 3 major ways
• Federalism
• Separation of Powers
• Checks and Balances

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Battle for Ratification

• Federalists- for the Constitution
• Were called federalists because the constitution
  established a government that was a federalism
  (power split between national government and the
  states.)

Anti- Federalists Were against the Constitution
because 1- made the national government too
strong 2- did not include a Bill of Rights
VS.
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Key Federalists

• Alexander Hamilton
• James Madison
• John Jay

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Key Anti-Federalists

• George Mason
• Elbridge Gerry
• Patrick Henry

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Separation of Powers

• Split of authority amongst the national
  government into three separate branches
• Legislative
• Executive
• Judicial

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Checks and Balances

• Ensures that one branch will not become stronger
  than the other
• Allows each branch to check, or restrain, the
  power of the others

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Federalists Papers

• Written by Federalists and put in newspapers to
  try to gain support for the Constitution

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• Federalists promise to add a Bill of Rights in
  order to get the Constitution ratified.

New Hampshire became the 9th state to ratify the
Constitution, making it the Supreme law of the
Land. What state was last to ratify it?
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Preamble

• States the purposes of the Constitution
• 1. create a more perfect union.
• 2. establish justice
• 3. insure domestic tranquility
• 4. provide for the common defense
• 5. promote the general welfare
• 6. secure the blessings of liberty for us and
  our posterity.

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Articles

• I- Legislative Branch- makes laws
• II- Executive Branch- carries out the laws
• III- Judicial Branch- interprets the laws
• IV- States must respect each others laws- rules
  for admitting new states
• V- How amendments (changes) are made
• VI- Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land
• VII- 9 states must ratify it for it to take
  effect.

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Amendments

• 27 Total
• First 10 are called the
• Bill of Rights

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Articles of the Constitution

1. Gives Congress the power to admit new states to
   the union by certain rules. It protects the
   rights of the citizens as they move from state to
   state through legal documents.
2. The Constitution becomes the Supreme Law of the
   Land once 9 states approve it.
3. Provides for an Executive Branch to carry out
   laws. States the qualifications, terms, and
   methods of election of a president and vice
   president.
4. Tells the qualifications and ways of electing
   members of the house and senate. It gives the
   power to impeach to the House and power over
   taxes.
5. Provides for a way to Amend the Constitution by
   Congress and the States.
6. Provides for a federal court system and describes
   the power of the courts. Gives citizens a right
   to trial by jury.
7. Says the Constitution is the Supreme Law of the
   Land and requires officials to take an oath to
   support the Constitution.

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Principles Underlying the Constitution

• Popular Sovereignty
• - the notion that the power lies with the
  people.
• Rule of Law
• - everyone must follow the law including our
  leaders
• 3. Separation of Powers
• - in order to protect against one group
  becoming too strong the powers were split between
  the 3 branches.
• Only Congress can declare War

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• 4. Checks and Balances
• - each branch has the power to watch over the
  other branches and make sure they do not abuse
  their power.
• 5. Federalism
• - power is split between the national
  government and the states.
• Expressed or Enumerated Powers- powers given to
  the National Govt.
• Concurrent Powers- shared by state and national
  government
• Reserved Powers- given to the states only

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Interpreting the Constitution

• How has the Constitution been able to remain
  flexible enough to change as the world changes?
• 1789- 2012
• Would an owners manual for a Model T still work
  for a car today?

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• Necessary and Proper Clause
• Congress shall have the power to make all Laws
  which shall be necessary and proper
• Creates Implied Powers
• Also known as the elastic clause

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• 2. Court decisions- how the Supreme Court
  interprets the Constitution
• 3. Legislative and Presidential Action
• 4. Changes in our customs

Supremacy Clause- The Constitution is the Supreme
Law of the Land