(Particulate Health Problem) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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(Particulate Health Problem)

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Title: Author: Wei-Fong Kao Last modified by: Allen Created Date: 4/18/1997 8:37:22 AM Document presentation format: – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: (Particulate Health Problem)


1
?????? (Particulate Health Problem)
2
??????????
  • ???
  • ????
  • ???????????
  • ?????
  • ??????(????)
  • ??????????(?????)
  • ????
  • ???????
  • ??(Sarin)??????(HF)

3
??????
  • ????
  • ????
  • ???
  • ??
  • ?????
  • ??????
  • ??
  • ????
  • ??
  • ??
  • ??????????
  • ????
  • ????
  • ??????????(???)

4
?????????
  • ????
  • ???(NH3) ,???????????,????????????????????????????
  • ????
  • ???(Cl2),??????????
  • ????
  • ???(phosgene,COCl2ozoneNO),????????

5
??????????
  • ???(gt5??)???
  • ??????????
  • ???(lt5??)???
  • ??????????

6
?????????
  • ?????????
  • ?????????????????????????

7
???????
  • ? FiO2?hypoxia
  • FiO20.15?autonomic stimulation (tachycardia
    tachypnea) cerebral hypoxia
  • FiO2lt0.1?cerebral edema
  • FiO2lt0.06?life-threatening
  • Mx removal from exposure oxygenation
    supportive treatment

8
?????
  • ??
  • ????????????????????????,??????????,?????????
  • ????
  • ??????,??,?????,???????
  • ???????????,???????,????????,????????,????,??????
    ??
  • ??
  • ????
  • ?????????,????
  • ??????(Belta-adrenergic agonist)????
  • ?????????????,???2sodium bicarbonate??

9
?????
  • Cl2 H2O? 2HCl O
  • NH3 H2O? NH4OH
  • SO2 H2O? H2SO3
  • COCl2 H2O? 2HCl CO2

10
??????
  • ??????????
  • ??????2080
  • ???????---????(CO)
  • ????????????(HCl) ?????(NO2) ?????(SO2)???(NH3)
  • ?????????---
  • ????(CO)???(HCN)

11
?????
  • ??????????
  • ?????????
  • lt20 24 ??????????
  • 20-501-8??????????
  • gt50???????
  • ?????????????,????,????????????
  • ????? ????????,???
  • ????????,????,??????
  • ????????,?????
  • ???? ?????????
  • ????,????,????,???????????????
  • lt2???????????????

12
????????
  • ????
  • ????????????????????,??????????20-30????,??????
  • ?????????????,????????,?????,????????????????
  • ??
  • ?????????????,????10 Calcium Gluconate?,???Magne
    sium sulfate,? magnesium oxide ???,??????
  • ??????????????????????????,??????????,????(???)??
    ?,???????
  • ??????????????????????????,??????????????????????
    ??
  • ????????????????30??,???1 ?Calcium
    gluconate,??????,???????,??????????
  • ???? ?????,??10 Calcium Gluconate,
    ???,?,????,????????

13
??????????????
  • ?????????50.
  • ?????????.
  • ?????????5?????
  • ????????????,???????????.
  • ??????????

14
?????
  • ???,??????????????,???????????,????????????
  • 1987?10????????????????1000???????95?????
  • 1988???????????Tulsa,???????36??????

15
???????????
  • ?????????? (????????)
  • ????????,??????????
  • ???????
  • ?????
  • ????

16
????
  • Level A??????????????????
  • Level B??????,??????
  • Level C ????, ??????,????????
  • Level D ???

17
??????(Pollutant Standard Index, PSI)
  • ?????(Total Suspended Particle,TSP)
  • ????(SO2)
  • ????(CO)
  • ??(O3)
  • ????(NO2)

18
?????(Total Suspended Particle,TSP)
  • ?????????
  • ????????????????????,????????????????
  • ??,????????????
  • ???????????????

19
????????
  • ?????????
  • ????????????
  • ??????????
  • ???????
  • ????????????????????

20
???
  • 1986??? Nyos?? ??1,746??? 1,500 ??
  • ???????????????,????????

21
????????????????????(1)
  • Chlorine
  • Cyanide
  • Formalin
  • Formaldehyde
  • Hydrocyanic Acid
  • Hydrofluoric Acid
  • Acids
  • Acrolein
  • Alkalis
  • Ammonia
  • Arsine Gas
  • Carbon Monoxide

22
????????????????????(2)
  • Hydrogen Sulphide Gas
  • Irritant Gases
  • Heavy Metals
  • Metallic And Inorganic Compounds
  • Hydrocarbons
  • Nitrites
  • Nitrates Methaemoglobinaemia
  • Organophosphate
  • Carbamate Compounds
  • Phenols
  • Phosphorus
  • Phosphine Gas
  • Phosgene Gases
  • Sulphuric Acid Mist

23
???????????
  • ?? ??
  • ? 1,382 6.4
  • ???? 954 4.4
  • ?? 780 3.6
  • ???? 771 3.6
  • ???? 640 2.7
  • ?? ??
  • ???? 578 2.7
  • ?? 556 2.6
  • ? 540 2.5
  • ?? 353 1.6
  • ? 343 1.6

24
?????????????????
  • ?? ??
  • ?????? 221 13.1
  • ? 177 10.5
  • ? 152 9.0
  • ?? 90 5.3
  • ?? 62 3.7
  • ?? ??
  • ???? 43 2.5
  • ???? 35 2.1
  • ???? 29 1.7
  • ???? 25 1.5
  • ?? 20 1.2

25
????????????
  • ?? ?? ??/???? ????/??

75 ?????? ??????/?? 1/22 80 ??????
????/?? 1/500 81 ????? ????/??
0/7463 82 ?????? ????
0/74 85 ?????? ?????? 2/2 89
?????? ???? 1/2 89 ???????
???? 0/33 89 ?????
??????? 0/2000
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