Migration

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Migration
Belgium Belgian MigrationGermany German
MigrationScotland Scottish Migration
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Migration of Belgium
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History migration
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History migration

• ?1948 increase because of the coal mines.
• ? 1965 industrialization
• ? 1980- slow increase

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History migration
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Why is there migration now?
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Why is there migration now?

• Brussels capital city of Europe.
• study posibility
• Connect again with the family

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Consequences

• Influences on religion
• e.g. mosque
• Influences on the language
• e.g. restaurant ( from France)
• Influences on the food
• e.g. Italian, Chinese restaurant,

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Migration of Germany
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The most common
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Migration in Germany
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Foreigner in Germany
Germans as Foreigner
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Percentage of foreigners
Under 1,5 1,5 2,5 2,5 4,0 4,0 5,0 5,0 6,0
6,0 7,5 7,5 9,0 9,0 11,0 11,0 15,0 15,0
and higher
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Historical foreigner population
In persons
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1. Phase   2. Phase   3. Phase
1871- 1914 foundation of the German Empire and high industrialization Germany changes from an emigration (e.g. to the USA) to an immigration country (polish miners from Silesia to the Ruhrgebiet) 1945-1949 8 Mio. of refugees and displaced persons came to the western zones, 3.6 Mio. to the Soviet Zone.   1949-1961 (construction of the German Wall) 3.5 Mio persons come from DDR/ East Germany to BRD/West Germany  1955-1973 the economic miracle /Wirtschaftswunder brings the first immigration wave of foreign workers. 14 Mio Gastarbeiter from Italy, Greece, Spain, Turqey, Marocco, Tunesia and Jugoslavia come to the BRD.   1973 Anwerbestopp/ official stop of recruitment of foreign workers   1966-1989 In the DDR 500.000 workers come from the socialist brother in Angola, China, Mozambique, Kuba...   Since1950 more than 4 Mio late ethnic german immigrants (Spätaussiedler) come from East Europe, most after the end of the Cold War.   1953-2004 3 Mio asylum seekers (political refugees)   2000 Demographic changement makes migration and integration an important challenge for current polities in Germany.
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The main reasons for migration to Germany
Reason 1 People looking for jobs (from Poland,
Italy, Spain, Portugal and
Turkey) Reason 2 Russian people of German
origin Reason 3 Asylum seekers

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The first reason

• People came to Germany in the 20th century to get
  new jobs here
• First came thePolish people in 1900 after that
  the Italians then the Spanish people then the
  Portuguese and last group were the Turkish
  people
• These people (1,2 Millions) were able to get a
  job.
• They were cheap workers.
• They came as temporary workers, many stayed in
  Germany (?problem integration).

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The second reason

• Katherina II wanted the Germans to immigrate
  into Russia.
• ? they helped to improve the agricultural
  situation in Russia (they knew how to work the
  fertile grounds)
• Reality was different -gt thousands of people
  died
• Emigration from Russia to Germany
• Willy Brandt ( former German chancellor )
  signed a treaty with the USSR
• -gt allowed the descendants to come back to
  Germany

Katherina II
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The second reason (II)

• After 1990, many Germans from Eastern Europe
  came back to Germany, for example
• - 1.979 900 from Russia
• - 429 000 from Romania
• - 1.442 900 from Poland

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The third reason

• Escape and asylum seekers
•  political persecuted persons have a right to
  asylum art. 16 GG
• under the impression of thenational socialist
  reign of terror the Germans decided to give
  everyone asylum
• everyone can use this right (coming from war
  zones like nowadays Afghanistan ) -gt number of
  asylum seekers rose
• -gt confine this basic right (application for
  asylum is necessary)

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Summary Reasons for migration to Germany

• Push-factors
• Low living standard (bad education,
• high unemployment rate,)
• No social security
• Pull-factors
• High living standard (good education, low
  unemployment rate)
• Good social security (medical insurance, pension
  insurance, unemployment insurance)

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Consequences

• Multicultural population
• Food
• Religion
• Traditions
• Language

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Scottish Migration
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For many years people have been migrating to and
from Scotland. The current statistics show
Population 5,168,500

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• Although there has been much immigration to
  scotland, the most notable was throughout the
  19th century, when many Irish people decided to
  emigrate to Scotland.
• Push
• their staple diet of potatoes was hit by
  crippling blight.
• Farmers were the majority, and they were being
  kicked off their land, with nowhere to live.
• -Poor living conditions
• Pull
• There were high oppurtunities in employment
  industrial boom
• Housing
• Nearby- cheap to get to
• Many Irish had relatives

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Soon after, many Scots began facing difficulties,
and decided to move abroad themselves. They went
to many countries such as South Africa,
Australia, New Zealand, USA, in search of a
better quality of life.
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• PUSH
• Highland Clearances (in the highlands, many
  tennant farmers were removed from their land
  due to the landowners desire for sheep farming.
• Poor work and living conditions in the Scottish
  housing and industry.
• High rent prices
• Disease
• PULL
• Much available cheap farm land in places like
  Australia
• more job opportunities
• the Scots where very skillful, and where seen as
  treasures abroad
• the gold rush in South Africa
• cheap and easier travel which made the journey
  safer

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• In the mid 20th century, todays multi-cultural
  society was born
• People from all around the world began to pour
  into Scotland and provide their skills and
  culture for all to experience.

However, today the most prominent immigration to
Scotland is from Poland, and unfortunately, they
are not as well received, despite providing an
essential work force.
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One World with common aims