Unit 3 People and Places

1
Unit 3 People and Places

• A Migration
• 2. Where do people leave from and where do they
  go to?
• Textbook UNIT 5.2 p 120 121
• and
• UNIT 5.5 p 126

2
These are the different types but they need a
bit of explanation
3
The Chat!

• Migration is the movement of people and have
  happened through out history for all sorts of
  reasons.
• As the previous diagram showed, they initially
  fall into 2 broad groups
• Forced Migration (compulsory)
• Voluntary migration (by choice)

4
Forced Migration

• This means that the migration occurred where they
  felt they had no choice.
• Can you think of physical, political or social
  reasons as to why that might be?
• There are 2 types of forced migration
• International (between countries)
• Internal (from one part of a country to another)

5
Forced Migration

• In a lot of cases this is international
  migration, for example the slaves from West
  Africa to the Caribbean and North America or the
  Jews leaving Germany in 1930s for a number of
  places including the USA or Holland or
  Switzerland.
• However, in some cases, these forced migrants
  stay within their own country, e.g. those who
  were forced to flee the area around Mount
  Pinatubo to go to Manila, the capital.
• Where can you think of in the world today where
  refugees are coming form?
  

Start drawing arrows on UK/world map NOW where we
are referring to migration to/from UK
6
Mount Pinatubo
7
Pinatubo

• Extensive damage to buildings and infrastructure
• 364 communities and 2.1 million people were
  affected by the eruption, with livelihoods and
  houses being damaged or destroyed.
• 8,000 houses - destroyed, and a further 73,000
  were damaged.
• roads and communications cost of repairing the
  damage to infrastructure was 3.8 billion pesos.
• reforestation projects -destroyed
• Agriculture - with 800 square kilometres of
  rice-growing farmland destroyed, and almost
  800,000 head of livestock and poultry killed.
• Damage to healthcare facilities, and the spread
  of illnesses in relocation facilities - soaring
  death rates Education for thousands of children
  was seriously disrupted
• The gross regional domestic product of the
  Pinatubo area accounted for about 10 of the
  total Philippine gross domestic product. The GRDP
  had been growing at 5 annually before the
  eruption, but fell by more than 3 from 1990 to
  1991.

8
Voluntary international migration

• There have historically been many reasons for
  people to emigrate voluntarily
• People left Europe over the centuries to populate
  new lands, set up new colonies or search for
  natural resources the Spanish and Portuguese
  went to South America for some or all of these
  reasons.
• People from the colonies were invited to the
  MEDCs after WW2 to do jobs that their own people
  did not want to do or where there were not enough
  of their own people to do them. The people from
  the colonies came because they thought they would
  be better off financially. For example Algerians
  came to France for these reasons
• After the initial group arrived, others often
  went to join their family/friends. This happened
  after Australia was first colonised and also with
  migrants from the Indian sub-continent came to
  the UK

9
Voluntary international migration

• More recently, due to the expansion of the EU
  which has rules about freedom to travel and
  freedom to work, many EU citizens has gone to
  different countries for shorter or longer periods
  to gain experience and live in different
  cultures, e.g the Polish came in 1000s to the UK
  before the credit crunch now fewer are coming
  and many are returning home. This is partly
  because there are fewer jobs but also because the
  value of the has gone done against the - so
  their earnings here are not worth as many s as
  they were
• Then there are those who move, as retirement
  approaches, to warmer places with a better
  climate. Some parts of rural France and coastal
  Spain have become Little Englands where our
  culture has been superimposed on local ideas.

10
This map shows total numbers of Eastern European
migrants in each local authority who registered
for work between May 2004 and December 2007. It
reveals that the migrants, from the "Accession
eight" countries (A8), took jobs across the whole
of the UK - from fish processing in Scotland to
farm work in the East of England. However, not
everyone has to register in order to work and, as
cumulative totals, the figures do not show how
many migrants are currently in each location.
11
Voluntary internal migration

• This is very common but has a variety of reasons
• They often do this for economic reasons, to get a
  better paid job or to find any work at all. They
  would hope to improve the quality of their life
  as well.
• In LEDCs this would normally be rural to urban
  internal migration.
• Rural to urban is still quite common in MEDCs,
  where the price of rural housing force young
  people to move out. This particularly true for
  areas such as National Parks, and other places
  where city dwellers have second homes.

12
Voluntary internal migration

• However, urban to rural internal migration is
  quite common in MEDCs.
• People believe they can improve the quality of
  their lives if they move to the country where
  there is cleaner air, less traffic and less
  crime.
• Some of these people then become commuters,
  another variety of migrant who migrate on a daily
  basis.

13
Voluntary internal migration

• There are smaller numbers of other variations on
  this theme
• Urban to urban e.g people moving from one city
  to another
• Temporary or seasonal migrants fruit pickers
  for example or workers in the summer or winter
  tourist trade
• Where these temporary (up to 1 year) or seasonal
  workers come from another country, they are
  sometimes called guestworkers.

14
What can happen?

• http//www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/markeaston
  /2008/12/are_we_watching_britains_commu.html
• anomie - noun - Sociology . a state or condition
  of individuals or society characterized by a
  breakdown or absence of social norms and values,
  as in the case of uprooted people.

15
Have you filled in all the examples on the
Worksheet? What can you remember?

• Voluntary international
• historical
• Since WW2
• Recent
• Voluntary internal
• urban to rural
• Urban to rural
• Commuters
• Urban to urban
• Temporary or seasonal or guestworkers

16
For the examples about to be given, what word
describe them?
17
Now lets look at migration patterns in the UK

• We are a really mixture of a country with
  emigration and immigration forming the kind of
  country we are today.
• Turn over for a true story

18

• Paternal grandfather came from a family that came
  from Alsace Lorraine in early 1700s they were
  mostly carpenters/woodworkers but were of gypsy
  origin (name Diprose from Du Pres of the fields
  used as a surname for gypsys I still have
  the nose and the skin that comes from that root.
• So they were voluntary migrants from N Africa to
  Alsace over centuries kicked out because they
  were Huguenots religious persecution forced
  migration.
• Meanwhile Paternal Grandmother was black Irish
  from County Cork said that Spanish sailors
  washed up there after the Spanish Armada (forced)
  settled down and black haired blue-eyed Irish
  resulted my grandmother was one.
• She and her sisters came to England pre WW1 in
  order to earn more money (voluntary rural to
  urban international).

19
Looking at the patterns

• Early comings and goings
• Settlers in Australia, New Zealand, North
  America emigrants
• Religious refuges from Northern Europe
  (protestants and Jews)
• Irish refugees from the potato famine.

20
Looking at the patterns

• After the Second World War
• Due a desperate shortage of people to do jobs the
  British did not want, members of old Empire who
  became the New Commonwealth were invited to live
  here many came from the Caribbean and Indian
  sub-continent - 3,000,000 of them.
• At the same time there were 10 passages to
  Australia, New Zealand and Canada as they needed
  more people too about 1 million went to
  Australia alone.

21
Since then things have been a bit more problematic

• From the certain sorts of papers and in a few
  political organisations, we hear all about people
  taking our meaning ethnic Brits houses and
  our jobs.
• But since we closed our open door policy in
  1970s, it has been much harder to enter.
• Except of course if you belong to a country in
  the European Union in which case you have an
  absolute right to live and work in any of its
  countries.

22
Since then things have been a bit more problematic

• But it should not be forgotten than many people
  on a daily basis leave the United Kingdom
  237,000 in 2007 alone.
• The governments own figures tell us, for
  instance that more people leave to live in
  Australia, Canada, USA and the Middle East than
  come to the UK from these places.
• We also have international obligations under the
  UN to take in those whose lives are at risk from
  political or religious persecution.
• We also accept a limited number of non-EU
  immigrants who fulfil a particular need, for
  example nurses or other professionals which we
  have a shortage of.

23
Since then things have been a bit more problematic

• But Europe as a whole, and also North America,
  have a problem with illegal entry.
• Many LEDC based organisations charge people large
  sums of money to smuggle them into Europe. The
  conditions in which they are smuggled are often
  very crowded and may even be fatally dangerous
  any one remember a mention in recent news?

24
Since then things have been a bit more problematic

• These people want to leave their own countries
  for a variety of reasons such as not having
  enough to eat or little chance of education, but
  do not fulfil the criteria of being political
  refugees. They are what is known as economic
  migrants.
• But economic migrants will become increasing
  desperate as climate change enlarges deserts and
  floods islands and coastal areas where so many
  people live.
• This is an issue we will need to deal with, and
  could lead to water wars and other sorts of
  conflict in the future.

25
Internal Migration
1981 - 1991
1991 - 1997
26
(No Transcript)
27

• http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/born_a
  broad/html/overview.stm

28
Homework

• Do a case study on the migration to and from the
  UK and also within the UK, with reasons (and
  approximate dates and numbers where you can get
  them)
• You may use the outline maps if that is helpful.
• Alternatively you might like to set it a out in a
  table or a spider diagram - whatever helps you
  to see the different strands the clearest.
• Remember to differentiate between forced and
  voluntary, and between social, economic and
  political reasons .