Mesopotamia

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Mesopotamia
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Sumerian Civilization

• Section 3

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Sumerian achievements

• Cuneiform - writing
• Ziggurats step pyramid temples made of baked
  brick
• May have been the first to develop the wheel
• Number system based on 60
• Lunar calendar
• Organized into city-states

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Babylon

• Hammurabi, the Priest King    
• Hammurabi (ca. 1792 - 1750 BC) united all of
  Mesopotamia under 43 year reign of Babylon. 
  Hammurabi's Code is the best preserved legal
  document reflecting the social structure of
  Babylon during Hammurabi's rule.

http//www.sacred-texts.com/ane/ham/ham05.htm
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Hammurabi's CodeThe Louvre, Paris
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Babylonian Empire

• Nebuchadnezzar
• Hanging Gardens
• Ishtar Gate

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Babylons Hanging Gardens
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Assyrians, A Warrior Race
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The winged creature (right) was found at the
palace of Sargon II right at the entrance to his
throne-room standing 14 feet tall. Their were
four statues on each side and they faced each
other. It was believed that the lamassu could
frighten off demons. Oriental Institute, Chicago)
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Gold of Nimrud
The gold of Nimrud is a collection of more than
1,000 pieces of gold jewelry and precious stones
from the eighth and ninth centuries B.C.
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The Queens Gold
Whoever removes me from my tomb, or places
anyone else with me, or lays hand on my jewelry
with evil intent, or breaks open the seal of this
tomb, let his spirit wander in thirst in the open
countryside. Below, in the Netherworld, let him
not receive any libation of pure water, beer,
wine, or flour as an offering! May the great gods
of the underworld impose on his corpse and
spirit, restlessness for all eternity.
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Persia

• Darius, king of Persia
• Ruled with justice and tolerance.
• Adopted a standardized coinage
• Established a road system
• Zoroaster, Persian prophet started a new
  monotheistic religion, good vs. evil and a final
  judgement, linked to the Magi

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zoroaster
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http//www.history.com/videos/persias-royal-roadp
ersias-royal-road
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Phoenicians

• Ancient seafarers

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Did you know?

• Look up the adjective "purple" in a dictionary,
  and one of the first meanings you'll see is a
  distinction of royalty. The association of
  royalty with the color purple stems from the
  ancient reddish-purple dye made from the glands
  of murex mollusks. The most famous example of
  this dye is so-called Tyrian purple from the
  Phoenician homeland along the eastern coast of
  the Mediterranean.   The expense of producing
  the dye was so greatmany thousands of mollusks
  were needed to produce one ounce of dyethat only
  the very wealthiest could afford it.  It was said
  to be worth the price, because the dye, once set,
  would not run or fade.

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vbOdmEd0HxnM
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The First Alphabet
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Lydians

• First to use gold silver coins

The Lydian lion, the worlds oldest coin
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Israel

• Monotheistic
• Judaism, the forerunner of Christianity
• 10 Commandments, basis of law
• Torah set of laws that the Israelites followed.

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Describe how smaller civilizations such as
Phoenicia and the Lydians could exert their
influence on the ancient world.
Smaller civilizations such as Phoenicia and Lydia
could exert their influence on the ancient world
by developing ideas and distributing the ideas to
the rest of the world. With the Phoenicians, it
was their alphabet and with the Lydians, it was
their idea of a money economy. The Phoenicians
were great traders and as they traded from port
to port, they brought their culture to the people
they traded with. This allowed them to influence
the rest of the world.