PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION D Jones Plant Cell Types parenchyma metabolism storage contain plastids that store store starch ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION


1
PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
  • D Jones

2
Plant Cell Types
  • parenchyma
  • metabolism
  • storage
  • contain plastids that
    store store starch
  • support with growth
  • sclerenchyma
  • support without growth
  • two forms
  • fibers (flax and hemp)
  • sclereids (nutshells)

3
  • Xylem
  • water conducting
  • dead at maturity
  • tracheids
  • long, thin, tapered ends
  • vessel elements
  • wider, shorter, thin walled, less tapered
  • Phloem
  • food conducting
  • live at maturity
  • sieve-tube members
  • Have sieve plates
  • companion cells

4
Tissue Systems
  • dermal
  • epidermis
  • tightly packed cells
  • cover and protect
  • vascular
  • xylem phloem
  • transport support
  • ground
  • mostly parenchyma
  • photosynthesis, storage support
  • collenchyma
  • sclerenchyma

5
Plant Systems
  • roots
  • Stems
  • leaves
  • flowers seeds

6
Functions of Roots
  • absorb water and nutrients
  • anchor plants
  • conduct water and nutrients
  • store food

7
Types of Roots
  • fibrous roots
  • mat of thread-like roots
  • just below soil surface
  • found in monocots
  • tap roots
  • one long root
  • deep into soil
  • found in dicots

8
Root Cross Section
Monocot
epidermis
cortex
endodermis
xylem
pericycle
  • Dicot

xylem
phloem
cortex
9
Tissue Characteristics Functions
Tissue Characteristics Function
Cortex Cellular spaces for aeration Stores starch
endodermis Tightly packed produce suberin(creates water barrier called casparian strip Control movement of water into center of root and prevent outward movement
10
Root hairs
  • give surface area for absorption

11
Functions of Stems
  • transport materials
  • support
  • storage

12
Types of Stems
  • Herbaceous
  • in annuals
  • green (photosynthesize)
  • pliable
  • Woody
  • in perennials
  • have bark
  • inflexible

13
Stem Cross Sections
monocot
vessel element (xylem)
air space
phloem
dicot
phloem
xylem
14
Tissue functions
  • epidermis produces waxy cuticle of cutin to
    protect from water loss
  • cortex ground tissue containing chloroplasts
  • vascular cylinder xylem, phloem and pith

15
Woody Stem
periderm
cork cambium
cortex
phloem
pith
xylem
vascular cambium
16
Tissue functions
  • vascular cambium produces new xylem and phloem
  • periderm (bark or cork) protects from water loss
  • cork cambium produces periderm
  • Sapwood outermost water-conducting xylem
  • Heartwood innermost supporting xylem

17
Leaf Functions
  • photosynthesis food production

18
Functions of Leaves
  • photosynthesis

19
Types of Leaves
  • Simple
  • compound
  • Pinnate
  • palmate

20
Leaf Cross Section
21
Tissue Functions
  • epidermis covered by waxy cuticle of cutin that
    limits water loss
  • palisade mesophyll specialized for
    photosynthesis tightly packed
  • spongy mesophyll air spaces allow gas exchange
  • guard cells open and close stomata to allow
    gas exchange and limit water loss
  • vascular bundles transport of water and food

22
Stomata Functioning
  • guard cells have thicker cell walls near the
    stomata
  • when water moves into guard cells they expand and
    open
  • when water moves out the guard cells close

23
Factors that Affect Stomata
  • temperature stomata close limiting water loss
    when the temperature is high
  • CO2 concentration stomata open when CO2 is low
    allowing photosynthesis
  • day/night stomata open during the day and close
    at night

24
Flowers and Seeds
  • reproduction

25
Flower structure
26
Functions of Flower Parts
  • petals attract birds and insects
  • sepals protect flower buds
  • stamen male structures that produce pollen
  • pistil female structures tha produce ovules

27
Seeds
28
Tissue Functions
  • seed coat - protection
  • Endosperm - storage
  • Cotyledon - storage
  • epicotyl becomes shoot tip
  • hypocotyl becomes shoot
  • radical becomes root

29
Monocot /Dicot Comparison
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