Lucian,

1
Lucian, True History(written ca 180 CE)

• "...as I have no truth to put on record, having
  lived a very humdrum life, I fall back on
  falsehood (t? ?e?d??) -- but falsehood of a more
  consistent variety for I now make the only true
  statement you are to expect, that I am lying (?t?
  ?e?d?µa?). This confession is, I consider, a full
  defence against all imputations, for I am saying
  nothing that is true (?µ?????? µ?d?? ??????
  ???e??). My subject is, then, what I have neither
  seen, experienced, nor been told, what neither
  exists nor could conceivably do so. I humbly
  solicit my readers' incredulity (µ?daµ??
  p?ste?e?? a?t???)."

2
the tyrrany of canonical assumptions" and
"textual myopia"

• Further on these subjects, see my 2006 SBL
  Presidential Address, "Para-Mania Beside,
  Before, and Beyond Bible Studies" (at image 20
  in the electronic version).

3
Qohelet (Ecclesiastes) 12.12

• MT-RSV My son, beware of anything beyond these.
  Of making many books, there is no end, and much
  study is a weariness of the flesh.
• OG My son, guard against making many
  booksThere is no end, and much diligence is
  weariness of the flesh.

4
Explicitly Mentioned Books

• Book of the Covanant (Exodus 24.7 see 2 Kings
  23.21, 2 Chronicles 34.30)
• Book of the Wars of the LORD (Num 21.14)
• Book of Jashar, "lament of the bow" (Joshua 10.13
  and 2 Sam 1.18)
• Book of the Law of God (Joshua 24.26 -- Joshua
  records things in)
• Book of the Acts of David (1 Chronicles 27.24)
• Book of the Acts of Solomon (1 Kings 11.41)
• Book of the Acts of the Kings of Israel 23 (1
  Kings 14.19 et passim)
• Book of the Acts of the Kings of Judah 15 (1
  Kings 14.29 et passim)
• Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah 4 (1
  Chronicles 9.1 et passim)
• Acts of Samuel the seer (1 Chronicles 29.29)
• Acts of Nathan the prophet (1 Chronicles 29.29)
• Acts of Gad the seer (1 Chronicles 29.29)
• Commentary Midrash on the Book of the Kings (2
  Chronicles 24.27)
• Acts of Hozai or, of the Seers (2 Chronicles
  33.19)
• Book of the Acts (Nehemiah 12.23)
• Book of the Acts of Persian Kings (Esther 2.23
  10.2)
• Many previous accounts (Luke 1.1-4)
• I made you sorry with my letter (2 Corinthians
  7.8)
• Letter to the Laodiceans (Colossians 4.16)

5
Paraleipomena Titles(Greek leftovers Hebrew
diaries)

• Greek title for canonical books of Chronicles,
  already by the end of the second century (Melito,
  Origen)
• Paraleipomena Jeremiou
• Testament of Job40.14 the lament over Jobs wife
  can be found in the Paraleipomena41.6
  Paraleipomena of Eliphas

6
Polycarp-Barnabas

• Polycarp, Philippians 9.2a) For they did not
  love the present world, but him who died on our
  behalf, having prepared the new people, he
  might show them while he is on earth that when he
  has made the resurrection, he will judge.
  Barnabas 5.7b

7
The Two Ways

• A Latin version exists as a separate work
• Greek Barnabas has it as chs 18-21But it is
  lacking in the Latin versionBut let us move on
  to another gnosis and teaching There are two
  ways of teaching and authority -- that of light,
  and that of darkness.
• Greek Didache has it in chs 1-6There are two
  ways --one of life, and one of death.

8
Jeremiah Corpus

• Origen Jeremiah with Lamentations and the
  Epistle in one book
• Athanasius Cyril of Jerusalem Jeremiah and
  with it Baruch, Lamentations, Epistle (see also
  codex Alexandrinus)
• Epiphanius book 22 Jeremiah the prophet with
  Lamentations and the Epistle and Baruch
• Treated as separate books in codex Vaticanus

9
2 Esdras (AV, RSV, NRSV)

• Chapters 1-2 5 EzraThe word of the Lord came
  to me
• Chapters 3-14 4 Ezra (Apocalypse)I
  Salathiel, also called Ezra, saw
• Chapters 15-16 6 EzraThe Lord says, speak

10
Minor Prophets

• MT Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah
• Vaticanus Greek MSS Hosea, Amos, Micah, Joel,
  Obadiah, Jonah
• Melito the twelve prophets in one book

11
Psalms and 11Q5 (Col. 18ff)

• Col 18 Psalm 154 (see Syriac 2)
• Col 19 Plea for Deliverance
• Cols 20-21a Psalm 139, then 137-138
• Col 21b Psalm // Sirach 51.13-19 30
• Col 22a Hymn to Zion
• Col 22b-23 Pss 93 141 133 144
• Col 24 Psalm 155 (see Syriac 3)
• Col 24b-26a Pss 142-143 149-150
• Col 26b Hymn to the Creator
• Col 26b-27a 2 Samuel 23.1-7 psalm
• Col 27b Pss 140 134
• Col 28 Psalm 151 (longer form)

12
Davids Compositions

• 11QPsalmsa 27.4-11 David wrote 3,600 psalms,
  364 daily liturgical songs, 52 sabbath
  liturgical songs, 30 festal liturgical songs,
  and 4 exorcistic songs for a total of 4,050
  all through the spirit of prophecy.

13
Jeremiah Order of Sections

• 1.1 25.13 identical in MT OG
• 25.15 - 44.5 MT 32.1 51.35 OG
• 46 MT 26 OG
• 47-51 // 27-31 but with different order
• 52 MT 52 OG
• MT 45.1 OG 51.31, and the conclusion in MT
  51.64 cf OG 28.64 var is followed by an
  appended contextualizing narrative much like
  Isaiah 39 -- Jeremiah 52 2 Kings 24.18 -
  25.30)

14
A Library of Proverbs

• 1.1 The Proverbs of Solomon
• 10.1 The Proverbs of Solomon
• 22.17 The Words of the Wise
• 24.23 More Words of the Wise
• 25.1 Proverbs of Solomon by way of the men of
  Hezekiah
• 30.1 Words of Agur, son of Jakeh
• 31.1 Words of Lemuel, which his mother taught
  him

15
Evidence of Seams in Isaiah

• There is an obvious narrative break at chapters
  36 - 39 ( 2 Kings 18.13 - 20.19), interrupted by
  the lament/thanksgiving of king Hezekiah in
  Isaiah 38.9-20,and also a change of subject and
  perspective in what follows
• Did Kings use Isaiah, or vice-versa, or did both
  use a common source?
• Where did the Hezekiah psalm come from?

16
1 Esdras (OG) 3 Esdras (Vg)

• Ch 1 see 2 Chronicles 35.1 36.21
• 2.1-5a 2 Chronicles 36.22-23 Ezra 1.1-3a
• Ch 2 see Ezra 1.1-11 plus 4.7-24a
• 3.1 - 5.3 (Darius three young bodyguards see
  also Josephus Ant 11.3.2-9.33-67 for another
  version of this section)
• 5.(4)7-73 see Ezra 2.1 4.5 (4.24b)
• 6.1 7.15 see Ezra 5.1 6.22
• Chs 8-9 see Ezra 7-10 and Nehemiah 7.73-8.12

17
1 Enoch Library Indications

• 1.1 The blessing of Enoch
• 37.1 The vision which Enoch saw, the second time
• 72.1 The book of the itinerary of the luminaries
  of heaven
• 83.1 Now my son Methuselah, I will show you all
  the visions that I saw
• 92.1 That which is written by Enoch
• 93.1 Enoch began to recount from the books
• 108.1 Another book of Enoch

18
Paraleipomena Jeremiou

• Chs 1-4 Destruction of Jerusalem
• Ch 5 Abimelechs long sleep
• Chs 6-7 Baruchs letter to Jeremiah in Babylon
• Ch 8 Jeremiah leads return from Babylon
• Ch 9 Martyrdom of Jeremiah

19
Some Synoptic Problems

• Assuming some sort of relationship, which is
  earlier, Matthew, Mark, Luke?
• Where did Matthew and Luke get their sayings of
  Jesus information?
• Where did material unique to Matthew come from?
  (Note, e.g., fulfillment texts)
• Where did material unique to Luke come from?
  (Note, e.g., opening explanation)
• How does the existence of all three complicate
  the textual transmission through
  cross-fertilization, etc.?

20
Some Transitions in Acts

• 8.4 Now those who were scattered went about
  preaching
• 11.19 Now those who were scattered traveled
• 16.6-40 (et passim) They went down to Troas.
  Setting sail from Troas, we voyaged. We were
  met. They departed.

21
4th Gospel Problems

• 1.1-18 Poetic Prologue
• 7.53 8.11 (not found in some ancient witnesses
  others have it after 7.36 or after 21.25 end of
  text or after Luke 21) The adulterous woman
  forgiven
• Ch 21 Appended after the concluding words in
  20.30-31

22
Some Lost Books (Goodspeed-Grant)

• Traditions of Matthias quoted in Clem.Alex
• Gospel of Basilides mentioned by Origen
• Questions of Bartholomew Galasian Decree
• Gospel of Andrew Galasian Decree
• Gospel of Apelles mentioned by Jerome
• Gospel of Cerinthus mentioned by Epiphanius
• Journeys of Peter cited in ps-Clem. Homilies
• Ascents of James cited in ps-Clem. Homilies

23
Plinys Author Lists(Natural History book 9)

• book 9
• Latin Turranio Gracile. Trogo. Maecenate. Alfio
  Flavo. Cornelio Nepote. Laberio mimographo.
  Fabiano. Fenestella. Muciano. Aelio Stilone.
  Seboso. Melisso. Seneca. Cicerone. Macro Aemilio.
  Messala Corvino. Trebio Nigro. Nigidio.
• Greek Aristotele. Archelao rege. Callimacho.
  Democrito. Theophrasto. Thrasyllo. Hegesidemo.
  Sudine. Alexandro polyhistore.

24
DSS Categories

• Traditional Jewish scriptural texts
• Texts that parallel traditional scriptures
• Texts that supplement traditional scriptures
• Rules and other way of living texts
• Commentaries and Excerpts
• Texts with special eschatological focus
• Psalms and Hymns
• Liturgical and Calendric materials
• Wisdom and mysteries

25
Philos Moses-centric Authorities

• The book entitled the Book of Judgment
  (Conf.Lang. 128-130 from Judg. 8.9 )
• The first book of the Kingdoms (1 Sam)
• In the kingly books (unclear reference)
• As Job says (Job 14.4)
• One of the friends of Moses (Ps 30/31.19)
• The Hymnographer, the Psalmist
• In Proverbs (Prov 3.4)
• One of the Prophets of old (Isa 5.7)
• Jeremiah the prophet (Jer 3.4)
• One of the companions of Moses (Zech 6.12)

26
Philos Moses(Life of Moses 1.331-332 see Num
32?)

• And Moses answered with a mild look and even
  still gentler voice, "If you speak the truth and
  behave honestly, the allotments which you have
  asked for shall remain assured to you. Leave
  behind you now, your wives and children, and
  flocks and herds, and go across Jordan in your
  ranks with the rest of the soldiers in full
  armor, arrayed for battle. And hereafter when
  all our enemies are destroyed, and when, we
  have made ourselves masters of the whole country,
  and have begun to divide it among ourselves, then
  you also shall return to your families and to
  possess the region which you have selected."

27
Philos Therapeutae(On the Contemplative Life
28-29)

• They interact with the holy scriptures by
  allegorizing. They also have writings of ancient
  men, the founders of their group, who have left
  behind them many memorials of the allegorical
  mode of thought, which they take as a kind of
  archetype, imitating the manner of their
  perspective so they do not occupy themselves
  solely in contemplation, but they also compose
  psalms and hymns to God in every kind of meter
  and melody, which they inscribe necessarily in
  more dignified rhythms.

28
Josephus on Jesus

• Antiquities 18.3.3.63-64 Jesus, a wise man,
  if it is appropriate to call him a man, for he
  did marvelous deeds . He was Messiah, and when
  Pilate had condemned him to be crucified, those
  who loved him did not abandon him, for he
  appeared alive again to them on the third day, as
  the divine prophets had foretold.

29
Josephus Padded Pentateuch(Ant 2.1.58-59 //
Gen 4.11-16)

• God made Cain accursed, and threatened his
  posterity in the seventh generation. He also cast
  him, together with his wife, out of that land.
  (59) And when he was afraid that in wandering
  about he should fall among Wild beasts, and by
  that means perish, God bid him not to entertain
  such a melancholy suspicion, and to go over all
  the earth without fear of what mischief he might
  suffer from wild beasts and setting a mark upon
  him, that he might be known, he commanded him to
  depart.

30
Josephus Parabiblical Moses

• Antiquities 2.10.238-253 Moses first adult
  act as an Egyptian general he overcomes
  serpents, defeats the Ethiopians and takes the
  kings daughter as his bride in place of Exod
  2.11-15a, where Moses kills the Egyptian!
• Bonus Uzziahs earthquake in Ant 9.10.4.222,
  also alluded to in Amos 1.1 and Zech 14.5, but
  not mentioned in 2 Chron 26.16-21

31
Josephus on Maccabees(Ant 5.3.246 // 1 Macc
1.20-28)

• King Antiochus returning out of Egypt  for fear
  of the Romans, made an expedition against the
  city Jerusalem and when he was there, in the
  hundred and forty-third year of the kingdom of
  the Seleucids, he took the city without fighting,
  those of his own party opening the gates to him.
  And when he had gotten possession of Jerusalem,
  he slew many of the opposite party and when he
  had plundered it of a great deal of money, he
  returned to Antioch.

32
Josephus on Solomon(Ant 8.2.5.44-46)

• He also composed books of odes and songs a
  thousand and five, of parables and similitudes
  three thousand for he spoke a parable about
  every sort of tree and creature .
• And in like manner God also enabled him to learn
  that skill which expels demons,  which is a
  science useful and healing to men. He composed
  such incantations also by which distempers are
  alleviated. And he left behind him the manner of
  using exorcisms, by which they drive away demons,
  so that they never return and this method of
  cure is of great force unto this day.

33
Ps-Philo, LAB (sample)

• 3.9 after Noahs flood And God said, I will
  never again destroy all living creatures at one
  time as I have done. But when those inhabiting
  the earth sin, I will judge them by famine or by
  the sword or by fire or by death and there will
  be earthquakes, and they will be scattered to
  uninhabited places. But no more will I destroy
  the earth by the water of the flood. And in all
  the days of the earth, order will not cease
  until the appointed times are fulfilled.

34
The Main Jewish Apocrypha(also known as
Deuterocanonical)

• 1 Esdras
• Tobit Judith
• Wisdom of Solomon
• Wisdom of Jesus ben Sira ( Sirach)
• Baruch Letter of Jeremiah
• Supplements to Esther and Daniel
• 1-2 Maccabees, 4 Maccabees
• 3 Maccabees
• Prayer of Manasseh 2 Esdras

35
Semitic Matthew

• Papias (ca 130) in Eusebius HE 3.39.16 Matthew
  wrote down the oracles (logia) in Hebrew and each
  person translated them as he was able
• Irenaeus AH 3.1.1 (ca 180) Matthew published a
  written gospel for the Hebrews in their own
  tongue
• Pantaenus (ca 180 similarly) in Eusebius HE
  5.10.3
• Origen (ca 220 similarly) in Eusebius HE
  6.25.4

36
Acts of Pilate

• Justin Apology 35 48 you may learn from the
  "Acts" which were recorded under Pontius Pilate.
  That He performed these miracles you may easily
  be satisfied from the "Acts" of Pontius Pilate.
• Tertullian Apology 21 Pilate now a believer
  sent word of Jesus to the reigning Caesar, who
  was at the time Tiberius
• Eusebius HE 9.5.1 (forged recently, under the
  emperor Maximin)

37
Other Letters Attributed to Paul

• 2 Corinthians 2.3-4 I wrote you with many
  tears . (possibly chs 10-13)
• 2 Thessalonians 2.1-2 Dont get all hyped up
  because of a spirit or message or letter claiming
  to be from us.
• Colossians 4.16 Cause this letter also to be
  read in the church of the Laodiceans, and read
  also the letter from Laodicea.
• Also extant Laodiceans, 3 Corinthians and not
  preserved To the Alexandrians.

38
So What? Now What?

• What became of such materials?
• Might we have such early lost materials reflected
  or even embedded in what we know as
  parascriptural locations (known texts) or
  elsewhere (comments, exerpts)?
• Have we lost sight of that world full of books,
  and traditions, and thus weakened or distorted
  our scholarly endeavors?

39
Deuterosis

• Eusebius, Demonstration of the Gospel 6.18.36
  This is what the Book of Kingdoms presents sic
  see 2 Chron 26.16ff. But Josephus Ant.
  9.(10.4).224f also carefully studied the
  "outside" Judaic "deuteroseis" pl accurately,
  being a Hebrew of the Hebrews, so hear his
  description of the events of those times .
• Epiphanius, Panarion 1.(2).33.9.2-6 the
  traditions of the elders are called "deuteroseis"
  among the Jews. And these are four (1) that
  passed along in the name of Moses, (2) that of
  so-called Rabbi Akiba, (3) Adda or Iouda, (4) of
  the sons of Asmonaios. . . .

40
Some Ways Information Survives

• Mouth to ear only (oral transmission)
• Ear to writing (recorded report/tradition)
• Writing to eye to mouth (reported record)
• Writing to eye to writing (direct copy)
• Writing to eye to ear to writing (dictation)