Post WWI

1
Post WWI the Roaring Twenties

• Chapters 19 20

2
Objectives

• Identify how the US demobilized after World War
  I?
• Evaluate the impact of demobilization, including
  the farm crisis, labor unrest, the Red Scare, and
  racial intolerance.

3
Demobilization

• Soldiers returned to workforce
• Unemployment rose
• Wages fell working conditions worsened

• Women lost jobs
• Wartimes shortages left prices high then market
  flooded
• Farm crisis

4
Farm Crisis

• U.S. farmers lost markets in Europe
• Agri. efficiency increasedmore food produced
  lower prices farming is less prosperous many
  lost farms to bank

5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
Unionization

• A. Philip RandolfBrotherhood of Sleeping Car
  Porters
• Pullman Co. didnt recognize union til 1930s

8
Labor strikes

• Boston Police Strike
• Steel Strike
• United Mine Workers Strike
• Seattle General Strike (all workers)

9
(No Transcript)
10
Coal Miners
United Mine Workers
11
(No Transcript)
12
Red Scare

• Period of anti-communist hysteria
• fear of Bolshevik Revolution
• fear of immigrants and labor unions

13
Palmer Raids

• Nov 1919--summer 1920
• Response to mail bombs
• Govt. office created to gather info on radicals
  activists
• Poor immigrants targeted arrested

14
(No Transcript)
15
J. Edgar Hoover
A. Mitchell Palmer
16
(No Transcript)
17
Mollie Steimer
Emma Goldman
Alexander Berkman
These three people were deported to Russia!
18
Socialist Party in America

• Eugene Debs
• Collective ownership of industry

19
Nativism

• 1921--law est. quotas for immigration
• National Origins Act of 1924 -set quotas for each
  country _at_ 2 of the number of people from that
  country currently living in the U.S.

20
Sacco Vanzetti Trial

• 2 Italian immigrants, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo
  Vanzetti, convicted of murder sentenced to
  death (Probably a Mistake!)

21
(No Transcript)
22
Postwar Intolerance
23
Return of the KKK

• Officially dissolved after Reconstruction
• 1915, Stone Mtn, GA--Joseph Simmons
  re-establishes Klan

24

• Kidnappings, lynchings, beatings
• Grew outside of South
• Discriminated against Jews, Catholics,
  immigrants, radicals
• Huge membership

25
Anti-Lynching Campaign

• Began by the NAACP
• Create anti lynching committee
• The Crisis
• Limited success

26
Racial Tensions
Rebirth of the Klan
Lynchings
27
African American Migration North(Great
Migration)

• Reasons
• Economic opportunities
• Sharecroppingde facto slavery
• Less discrimination

• Results
• Violence erupts
• Chicago 1919--riots

28
(No Transcript)
29
Cause

• Eugene Williams, Age 17 - Drowned at 29th St.
  beach, due to exhaustion on account of being
  unable to come to land due to throwing of stones
  during riot between whites and African Americans,
  over use of said beach.
• One of the rioters, who was accused of having
  thrown a stone which supposedly struck deceased
  and caused his drowning, was indicted by on
  charge of manslaughter.

30
Whites wielding bricks chasing blacks in a
Chicago neighborhood, 1919.
31
Black Nationalism

• Pan Africanism
• Unite ppl of Afr. descent worldwide
• Marcus Garvey
• Black nationalismnew political state in Africa
• Universal Negro Improvement Assoc.
• Foster econ. Independence
• Est. homeland in Africa

32
Lets Review

• How did the US demobilize after World War I?
• How did this impact farmers?
• How did this impact labor unions?
• What was the Red Scare?
• What caused this fear?
• Who was targeted by this scare?
• What were race relations like after the War?

33
Objectives

• Discuss the Republican decade.
• Discuss the impact of the automobile.
• Identify changing consumer habits.
• Discuss evaluate changes in 1920s society
  including the Scopes Trial, the Lost Generation,
  Prohibition and the Harlem Renaissance.

34
Republican Presidency
35
Election of 1920

• Republican Warren G. Harding

• Democrat James M. Cox

36
1920 Election
37
Harding Administration

• Positive effects
• Economic growth
• Boom in industry
• Cut gov. spending
• Tax cut for rich
• Reduced debt
• Fordney-McCumber tariff

• Negative effects
• Mergers
• Struggle for workers, farmers, labor unions

38
Harding Scandals

• Ohio Gang
• corrupt officials in Harding Admin.--most from
  OH, Hardings home state
• Forbes Scandal
• Forbes takes money from Vet. Bureau

• Attorney Gen. Daugherty
• taking bribes
• Teapot Dome Scandal
• Fall takes control of oil reserves profits

39
(No Transcript)
40
Calvin Coolidge

• Takes over after Harding dies in office
• Wins 1924 election
• Probusiness
• Revenue Act of 1926
• Cut gov. spending
• Opposed helping farmers common laborers

41
Election of 1928

• Republican Herbert Hoover

• Democrat Alfred E. Smith

42
Henry Ford

• Mass production
• Assembly line
• Age of the automobile

43
Effects of the Automobile

• Linked rural urban areas (growth of suburbs)
• Use of trains trolleys reduced
• Auto-touring
• Social opportunities for teens
• Reduced sense of community

44
New consumer practices

• Installment plans
• New materials designs
• Advertising
• Retail chain stores

45
(No Transcript)
46
1920s Lifestyles

• new woman
• sought social economic independence
• College enrollment tripled
• New fashions

47

• New leisure activities
• Dance marathons
• Flagpole sitting

48
Lost Generation

• War was devastating useless
• College life was superficial
• Pursuit of wealth status led to emptiness
• Middle-class life was empty required conformity

49
Mass culture/Pop culture

• Radio, books, magazines

50
Movies, sports Celebrities heroes
51
Jazz Blues

• Originated in South
• Spread nationwide when musicians moved North
• White musicians too
• Jazz clubs big bands

52
The Jazz Age
53
Society

• Americans had divided opinions about social
  change
• Traditional religious values v. New values based
  on scientific thought
• Scopes Trial
• Questions of appropriate and inappropriate movies
  music
• censorship

54
The Moral Question
55
Scopes Trial Evolution v. Creationism

• Monkey Trial
• Dayton, TN

56

• John Scopes, teacher
• Clarence Darrow, his attorney
• William Jennings Bryan, prosecutor

57
Prohibition

• Increased crime
• Bootlegging
• Speak easies

58
Prohibition
59
Gangsters/The Untouchables
60
Prohibition, Gangsters, the Liquor Business
61
(No Transcript)
62
(No Transcript)
63
The Harlem Renaissance
1919-1929
64
Harlem Renaissance
65
Harlem, a neighborhood in New York City, was the
center of the African American political,
cultural, and artistic movement in the 1920s and
early 1930s.
66
(No Transcript)
67
(No Transcript)
68
(No Transcript)
69
Harlem Renaissance

• Source of pride for African Americans
• New respect for black theater
• Celebration of ethnic identity
• Exposure of African American struggles

70
(No Transcript)
71
Duke Ellington
Louis Armstrong
72
Langston Huges Zora Neale Hurston
Josephine Barker
73
Cross by Langston Hughes My old mans a white
old man And my old mothers black. If ever I
cursed my white old man I take my curses back. If
ever I cursed my black old mother And wished she
were in hell, Im sorry for that evil wish And
now I wish her well My old man died in a fine big
house. My ma died in a shack. I wonder where Im
going to die, Being neither white nor black?
74
Claude McKay
James Weldon Johnson
75
America by Claude McKay Although she feeds me
bread of bitterness, And sinks into my throat her
tigers tooth, Stealing my breath of life, I will
confess I love this cultured hell that tests my
youth! Her vigor flows like tides into my
blood, Giving me strength erect against her
hate. Her bigness sweeps my being like a
flood. Yet as a rebel fronts a king in state, I
stand within her walls with not a shred Of
terror, malice, not a word of jeer. Darkly I gaze
into the days ahead, And see her might and
granite wonders there, Beneath the touch of
Times unerring hand, Like priceless treasures
sinking in the sand.
76
(No Transcript)
77
(No Transcript)
78
William H. Johnson Swing Low, Sweet Chariot 1939
79
Jacob Lawrence Dust to Dust (The Funeral) 1938
80
Jacob Lawrence Harlem Rooftops
81
Palmer Hayden, The Janitor Who Paints, 1937
82
Jeunesse by Palmer Hayden
Street Life, Harlem, by William H. Johnson
83
Palmer Hayden
84
Lets Review

• Who were the Republican presidents of the 1920s?
• What impact did the automobile have on American
  society?
• How did consumer habits change in the 1920s?
• What was the Scopes Trial about?
• Who were the Lost Generation?
• What effect did Prohibition have on American
  society?
• What was the Harlem Renaissance?