1
Were in the Money! Game

• Your group begins with 5 points.

• Decide what you want to do before each round

• Hold Tight keep what you have

• Play it Safe potential for modest gains

• Go for the Gold! potential for amazing gains

• The roll of the dice will determine your score
  (higher roll higher points)

• Keep track of points in Running Total column

2

• How did you feel when points were rising? When
  they dropped dramatically?

• Which of the three game options produced the
  worst results in the end?

• How many groups decided to Go for the Gold!
  sometime during the game? Why did some groups
  make other choices?

• Can you think of any time in history when
  something like this happened?

3

• What is happening in this image?
• Who in our game might have ended up here?
• How do you think the event depicted here might be
  related to the overall American economy at the
  time?

4
essential questions How did the prosperous
1920s turn into the Great Depression? What is
the Great Depression?
5
How did we see prosperity in the 1920s?
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long-term causes of the Great Depression
1. overproduction
7

• 2. uneven prosperity

• Mellons tax cut for wealthy

8

• 3. farmers suffering

• would not recover from 1920-21 recession
• 25 of America

9

• 4. easy credit (too easy)

• 80 no savings
• debt rising again today
• artificially high stock prices

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5. speculation
6. margin buying (a.k.a. buying on margin)
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• 7. laissez-faire government

Which of these do we see today? How?
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the immediate cause of the Great Depression

• Black Tuesday
• stock market crash

• followed Black Thursday
• scared investors selling makes things worse

video on Black Tuesday
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The Great Depression

• from stock market crash to World War II

• employment and values decrease

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• bank runs gt banks broke gt savings gone gt banks
  fail

bank run, 1933
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• self-perpetuating in a consumer economy because
  spending is down

longer depression
less spending and bank deposits
16

• depression is worldwide, though

U.S. loans/investment to Germany
reparations to G.B. and France
G.B. and France buy U.S. goods
no nation hit as hard as the U.S.
17
Based on the charts shown, add three things that
will define the Great Depression
18
consider
How do you think the Great Depression will affect
the lives of Americans?
essential question How did the Great Depression
affect American lives?
19
Farmers

• many losing land (banks foreclosing when they
  cant pay their mortgage equipment repossessed)

20

• Dust Bowl over-farming droughts these
  blizzards of dust covered everything, even
  killing livestock

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Texas, 1935
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• Okies many farmers were forced to move to cities
  where they added to the strains on the cities
  resources

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• Men in the Cities
• depression from inability to provide for family,
  dependence on bread lines

bread line at Sixth Avenue and 42nd Street
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• many became hoboes

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• Families
• hard times brought some together, broke others
  apart (divorce rates down, but mostly due to cost)

26

• Minorities
• on the one hand, hard times not new

• on the other hand, increased discrimination
  (last hired, first fired)

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Follow-up Assignment The literature and art of
the 1920s showed how bad the situation was. What
would your life be like in the Great Depression.
Consider using or showing the terms below to
write or draw your story.
speculation buying on margin Black Tuesday bank
run
Dust Bowl Okies hobo bread lines
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consider What would you want government to do
during the Great Depression?
essential question How did Hoover fail in his
response to the Great Depression?
Herbert Hoover was president from 1929-1933.
29

• encouraged volunteerism (i.e. asked companies to
  not lay off workers) because he said the business
  cycle would fix itself

30

• rejected idea of welfare when Americans were
  increasingly looking to federal government for
  direct relief

31

• raised tariffs, causing higher prices due to
  retaliation from other countries

Im Herbert Hoover. Im raising tariffs to help
get the U.S. out of this depression.
OH YEAH?!? Im Prime Minister MacDonald of Great
Britain and Im raising tariffs too, jerk!
32

• reaction to Hoover included naming signs of
  poverty after him (i.e. shantytowns
  Hoovervilles)

Empty pockets showing were called Hoover flags.
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(No Transcript)
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• when Hoover did take action, it was too little
  (Boulder Dam, later named Hoover Dam), too late
  (Reconstruction Finance Corporation)

35

• the final thing to ensure he would not be
  reelected was his reaction to the Bonus Army

The Bonus Expeditionary Force, more commonly
known as the Bonus Army, portrayed Hoover as
Kaiser Wilhelm, the leader of Germany during WWI.
36

• veterans marched to Washington, D.C. to demand
  their bonus early

Washington, D.C., police chief Major Pelham
Glassford inspecting the camp of the Bonus Army
in 1932.
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• when they did not leave, Hoover had the army
  force them out, injuring many

Tanks and grenades were used by the U.S. Army to
disperse the Bonus Army from their encampment at
Anacostia Flats, near the U.S. Capitol in 1932.
38
Possible captions

• Many veterans marched to Washington to demand
  their bonuses early during the Great Depression.

• Both black and white veterans marched to
  Washington to demand direct relief from the
  government.

• The Bonus Army illustrated how people needed
  direct relief during the Great Depression and
  were not getting it from Hoover.

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A caption explains what a picture is showing.
Write your own caption for the pictures on the
back of your sheet. Mention Hoover in each.
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The Hot Seat

• one person volunteers to be in the hot seat
• He or she answers a series of multiple choice
  questions

• 1 question right sense of self-satisfaction

2 questions right fist bump
3 questions right gum
4 questions right prize box

• You have two opportunities to poll the class
  where you can see how the class answered

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What is shown in the cartoon? Does it present
this as a good thing or a bad thing? How can you
tell?
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essential question How did Franklin Roosevelt
respond to the Great Depression?
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The New Deal

• FDR won the election of 1932 because he was not
  Hoover

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• his reform program would be known as the New Deal

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• first thing FDR did was to declare a bank holiday
  closing banks to prevent bank runs until the
  banks could be fixed

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• New Deal is also called the Hundred Days because
  that is how long it took for FDR to propose (and
  Congress to approve) more than 15 new pieces of
  legislation to fight the Great Depression

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• New Deal expanded federal government

Obama has been compared to FDR because both
expanded the federal government.
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• New Deal relies on deficit spending (borrowing to
  pay for government programs)

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• FDR made direct contact with Americans with his
  radio addresses, called fireside chats

What effects did these radio addresses have?
statue at the FDR Memorial in Washington, D.C.
link to FDRs first fireside chat
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Skim through pages 602-605. In your groups,
identify what each of the New Deal measures
listed on the sheet (continues onto back) did.
Make sure that you feel comfortable with each of
these as parts of the New Deal.
51
Below the listing of New Deal programs,
categorize them in the following chart
Creating jobs Fixing business, banks, and the stock market Helping farmers Fixing labor relations Providing retirement security

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Rules for Slaps!

• Please remove all hard, sharp, or incendiary
  objects from your dominant hand.
• Lay out the flashcards so that everyone can reach
  them.
• When a term is described, you want to be the
  first to slap your hand on the card.
• Keep each card that you slap first.
• Whoever has the most cards at the end of the game
  wins.

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consider Why would anyone think FDR was doing
too much? Why would anyone think he wasnt doing
enough?
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essential question How did FDR respond to his
critics?
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the critics

• conservatives said the New Deal was an abuse of
  Presidential power

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example Supreme Court ruled New Deal programs
such as the NRA and AAA unconstitutional
1932 Supreme Court
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• liberals said the New Deal did not do enough for
  average Americans

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example Huey Long endorsed a Share Our Wealth
program that would tax the rich to give money to
average Americans
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example Father Charles Coughlin was a radio
priest that wanted to nationalize industry and
banks
Father Charles Coughlin, leader of the
anti-Semitic Christian Front, delivers a radio
broadcast. Detroit, United States, March 11,
1935.
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How FDR responded to the Supreme Court

• FDR proposed a controversial court-packing
  scheme to add justices to the Supreme Court

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• both liberals and conservatives hated the plan

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• did not matter in the end because the most
  anti-New Deal justices soon retired and the
  Supreme Court began to support New Deal programs

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How FDR responded to the liberals

• Second New Deal did more for average Americans

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• Works Progress Administration created government
  jobs, many in the arts

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• Wagner Act protects formation of unions,
  collective bargaining, and striking (National
  Labor Relations Board to enforce)

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• Social Security Act retirement savings,
  disability payments, and unemployment benefits

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Look back at your chart categorizing the New Deal
programs and add the three 2nd New Deal programs
in the proper category. Circle them to indicate
that they are part of the 2nd New Deal.
Creating jobs Fixing business, banks, and the stock market Helping farmers Fixing labor relations Providing retirement security

68
essential question How did FDR win the support
of women and minorities?
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Eleanor Rooseveltchanged the role of First Lady
to include being active outside the White House
advocate for civil rights
Eleanor Roosevelt at Works Progress
Administration Negro Nursery School in Des
Moines, IA, 1936
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Frances Perkinsfirst woman in the U.S. Cabinet
As Secretary of Labor, Perkins was the first
woman in the line of succession of the Presidency.
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Mary McLeod Bethuneadvisor in FDRs Black
Cabinet
Eleanor Roosevelt and Mary McLeod Bethune, 1937
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essential question What role did the arts play
in the Great Depression?
some of the arts reflect life (literature, visual
arts) others provide an escape from reality
(radio and movies)
Look through pages 626-631. Find at least two
examples of any of the arts (visual art, movies,
literature, music, etc.) that reflected life and
at least two examples that provided an escape
created during the Great Depression to complete
the chart below.
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some of the arts reflect life (literature, visual
arts) others provide an escape from reality
(radio and movies)
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Because Eleanor Roosevelt was an ambassador of
the New Deal, many people looked to her directly
for help.
Write a letter to Eleanor from a 1930s American
either asking her for help or thanking her.

• Use at least three of the terms on the board
  (also seen on your Prosperity and Depression
  overview page) and underline them when used.
• Make sure that you have at least six sentences
  overall.