27.2 Notes

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27.2 Notes
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• I. The Belligerents
• A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria-
  Hungary, Bulgaria,
  Ottoman Empire
• B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

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Central Powers

• Name due to their central location in Europe
• Germany is the most powerful country
• The Central Powers had enemies on both sides and
  didnt want to fight a two front war so they came
  up with the Schlieffen Plan

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Schlieffen Plan

• Plan by Germany to send a massive amount of
  troops to the west and defeat France
• After defeating France this would block out
  British troops and the Central Powers would
  quickly move their troops back to attack Russia

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Plan in Action

• Germany entered France through an unfortified
  section of neutral Belgium
• They quickly marched through France winning small
  victories along the way
• Got within 40 miles of Paris, France and had the
  Battle of Marne

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Battle of Marne

• Allied forces met the Germans at the Marne river
  just outside of Paris, France
• 600 taxi cabs transported reinforcements in Paris
  to the front line
• Allied forces won the battle and stopped the
  advance of the Central Powers and the Schlieffen
  Plan.
• Results in a two front war

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Battle of Marne

• Took place at the Marne River just outside of
  Paris
• Allies stopped German advancement with the help
  of 600 taxi cabs transporting soldiers back and
  forth between Paris and the battlefield
• Both sides dug in fortifications and this
  guaranteed WWI to be a TWO FRONT WAR

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• II. Innovations in Warfare
• A. WWI differed from other wars because it was
  industrialized.
• B. U-boats
• 1. Affected Allied shipping.
• C. Poison Gas
• D. Machine Guns
• E. Long-Range Artillery
• F. Airplane- WWI 1st war used
• G. Tank
• 1. Total War- a war in which nations turn all
  their resources to the war effort.
• a. Women worked in factories, men were
  drafted.
• H. Propaganda- built patriotism

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Trench Warfare

• WWI

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Stalemate

• After the Allied victory at the Marne River in
  France the Western Front turned into a stalemate
• This happened as a result of new technologies
  like machine guns, barbwire, long range artillery
  and poison gas.
• Old war offensive tactics became completely
  obsolete
• The result was digging trenches

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Western Front

• Trenches were massive formations of ditches that
  housed soldiers
• They were dangerous, dirty, disease ridden,
  secluded, water filled holes in the earth
• They were dug by hand and lined with wood to
  prevent walls from caving in
• Disease ran rampant due to overpopulation and
  lack of sanitation

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Problems

• Bodies and body parts often remained in the
  trenches, this attracted large rats
• Body lice ran rampant, they left itchy bite marks
  on the body and spread disease
• Waterlogged trenches led to conditions such as
  trench foot

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Perpendicular Trench
Side Entrance
Wall Extension
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• III. Early Years of the War
• A. Fighting in Gallipoli
• 1. Allied attempt to remove the Ottoman
  Empire from the war by capturing
  Constantinople- failed attempt.
• B. Naval Warfare
• 1. Lusitania- Br. Passenger ship carrying US
  citizens that was sunk by Germans.
• C. The Stalemate
• 1. War of Attrition- slow wearing down
  process of opponent.

http//www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/index.html
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• IV. The US in WWI
• A. US attempted to sell goods to both sides
  during the war while staying neutral.
• B. Zimmerman Note- German attempt to bring
  Mexico into war.
• C. U.S. was persuaded to join to help spread
  the belief of democracy.

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