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KOREA

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Title: KOREA


1
KOREAs Initiative for IT Application and the
Development of Internet March 1998 WAN-IL
CHOI National Computerization Agency
2
  • Contents
  • Current Status of Information Infrastructures
  • National IT Initiatives and Policy
  • Internet Development and Policy

3
Current Status of Information Infrastructures
  • IT Production
  • PC Diffusion
  • Telecommunications
  • CATV
  • Internet
  • Informatization Index

4
IT Production
  • Computer and PC Production (million Dollors)
  • ? exchange rate 800 won/US
  • 1997. 10 Computer 1,734,817 million won (US
    2,168)
  • PC 962,362 million won (US 1,203)

5
PC Diffusion
  • Number of PCs Sold Domestically(thousands)
  • Number of PCs in Use 7 Million (as of the end
    of 1997)
  • Goal set in NBIS (National Basic Information
    System)
  • - One PC per household by the Year 2000
  • - 10 mil PCs diffused to offices and homes

6
Telecommunications
  • Market Structure for Basic Service
  • - KT Monopoly Broken at the Mid, 1991
  • - International Call Carrier Oligopoly (KT,
    Dacom, Onse)
  • - Domestic Long Distance Jan 96. Duopoly (KT,
    Dacom)
  • - Local Calls Duopoly (KT,Dacom)
  • Telephone Lines per 100 population(1996) 44.4
  • - U.S. 62.5 (1995)
  • - Japan 48.8 (1995)
  • - U.K. 50.5 (1995)
  • Subscribers of Mobile Communications (thousands)

7
CATV
  • New Service on Mar 1995
  • Number of Subscribers
  • - 500,000 (Jan 1996) 5 of households
  • - 1,700,000 (Mar 1997) 13.1 of households
  • - 2,002,000 (Jun 1997) 15.4 of households
  • - 2,452,000 (Feb 1998) 19 of households
  • - 6,500,000 (by the year 2000, Projection) 50
    of households
  • Time for Diffusion of CATV
  • - 10 of households 8 10 years (Canada,
    U.S.A.)
  • - 6 of households 8 years (Japan)

8
Internet
  • Number of Internet Host Computers (thousands,
    Jan 1997)
  • ? 131 Dec 97

9
Informatization Index(Overall) Korea 1990100
Korea U.S. Japan Singapore Europe
10
National IT Initiatives and Policy
  • NBIS, NAIS
  • Master Plan and Strategy for Information Society
  • Korea Information Infrastructure
  • Policy Issues

11
NBIS(National Basic Information System)
  • First National Initiative of IT Use and
    Production
  • 1st Five-Year Plan (1987 - 1991)
  • 2nd Five-Year Plan (1992 - 1996)
  • Consensus on the Potentials of IT
  • Industrial Revolution vs. Information Revolution
  • Strong Support by Government
  • Funding Schedule
  • NCB (National Computerization Board)
  • Under the Executive Office of the President
  • Effective Coordination among Government Agencies
  • Computerization Promotion Meeting (Presidential)

12
NBIS(National Basic Information System)
  • Objective
  • Economic Growth in Information Age
  • Use IT to Improve Competitiveness
  • Take a Position of Developed Nation in 21st
    Century
  • Improve Quality of Life
  • Provide Initial Markets for IT Industries
  • Implementation
  • Administrations
  • Financial Institutions
  • Education and Research
  • National Defense
  • National Security

13
NAIS(National Administration Information System)
  • Small and Efficient Government
  • 1st Stage Developing the Separate Systems
  • 2nd Stage Sharing Information among Agencies
  • Pre-assigned Fund US 200 million (1987 -
    1991)
  • Six Subsystems
  • Resident
  • Vehicle
  • Hose and Land
  • Employment
  • Customs Clearance
  • Economic Statistics

14
Master Plan and Strategy for Information Society
  • Legal Ground
  • Basic Act on Informatization Promotion(1995)
  • Basic guiding principles on building KII and
    creating information society
  • Basic plan for informatization and implementation
  • Establishment and operation of Informatization
    Promotion Committee
  • Operation of Informatization Promotion Fund

15
Master Plan
  • 1st phase(1996-2000)
  • laying the foundation for building a national
    information network
  • 2nd phase(2001-2005)
  • Spreading the usage of information networks
  • 3rd phase(2006-2010)
  • Promoting a higher level of information network
    usage

16
Major programs
  • Promoting projects aimed at accelerated usage of
    the information network in the public sector
  • Building an information superhighway
  • Creating the desirable environment for the
    information and communication industry
  • Establishing a legal framework
  • Ensuring information security and standardization

17
Korea Information Infrastructure
  • Aim To construct high-speed government and
    public information networks
  • KII-G needs of public administration, research
    institutes, and universities
  • KII-P needs of industry and general public
  • Construction
  • Operator Korea Telecommunication, Dacom
  • Fund US 580 million
  • Schedule completed by 2010

18
KII and Internet
  • KII promotes the usage of Internet services
  • Internet becomes the integral part of KII
  • Vitalization of Internet as a basis of
    implementing Electronic government
  • Development of Web based application in the KII

19
Policy Issues
  • Demand-Pull vs. Supply-Push
  • KII Plan coordinated by Government Supply-Push
    Model
  • Experience of Failed System in NBIS due to
    Insufficient Demand
  • Shifts of Interest to Demand Side
  • Nature of IT
  • Consumers potential needs and market demand to
    be developed
  • Unforeseen yet popular services generated by
    enabling technologies
  • Interaction and Synergy Effects of Demand and
    Supply

20
Policy Issues
  • Roles of Government
  • Strong Leadership in Economic Development Plan
  • Different Environments in Managing the KII Plan
  • Limited Roles of Government
  • Bureaucratic Attitudes Are Still Alive
  • Mixed Attittudes Held by Private Sectors
  • Preferring liberalized business environment
  • Seeking for direct government supports

21
Internet Development and Policy
History of Internet use in Korea o 1982
Installment of SDN(System Development Network)
between Seoul National University
and Korea Institute of Electronics and
Telecommunication o 1986 Establishment of
KRNIC(Korea Network Information Center) at
KAIST o 1987 Interoperation of SDN with CSNet
(9.6Kbps) extending to Research and
Education Network o 1994 Starting ISP Businesses,
Providing Internet services to the Public o 1994
KRNIC move to NCA(National Computerization
Agency) o 1997 Establishment of Commerce Network
in KOREA, stimulating Internet
Commerce
22
Status of Internet Usage
o Status of Internet in Korea o Internet
Usage for Commerce - Market size for 96 6.3
bil won (US 4.2 mil) - Projection for year
2000 61.4 bil won (US 40.9 mil)
23
Internet and New Businesses
  • Application of Internet Technology to existing
    Businesses
  • - Banking, Shopping, Distribution, Retailing,
    etc
  • - Improving Efficiency and Productivity
  • Intra-firms
  • Between firms
  • Between Producers and consumers
  • Generation of New Businesses
  • - Huge Business opportunities provided by
    Large number of Users connected
  • to the Internet
  • - New production system and distribution
    channels
  • - Access to cyber market requiring Small
    Investment

24
List of Internet Businesses
  • Internet Network Service Providers (NSP) KT,
    Dacom
  • Hardware Manufacture
  • Internet Connection Service Providers (ISP) 22
    (98.3)
  • ? Commercial(98. 3) 18, Non Profit ISP 4
  • Web Hosting Service Providers (WSP) 120 (97)
  • Internet Based S/W Developers
  • Homepage Building Service
  • Internet Contents Providers
  • Internet Telephone and Fax

25
Restructuring of Industrial Organization and
Internet Business
  • Overrule of Large Businesses and Economic Crisis
  • Strategic Shift toward SMEs and Internet
    Businesses
  • New Government Strategy in favor of Small
    Businesses
  • Recognition of Internet as a means of Supporting
    Small Businesses
  • Easy Access to World Market with Modest
    Investment
  • Internet Technology enabling New Ideas into
    Businesses along with Venture Capital

26
Strategies for Development of Internet Businesses
  • Improvement of Internet Backbone Network
  • Development of Internet Business Services on the
    CATV Network
  • Government Support for Internet Businesses
  • Promotion of RD Investment for Internet
    Technologies
  • Government role in Electronic Commerce
  • Reformation of Regulations, Rules for Promotion
    of Internet Businesses

27
Improvement of Internet Backbone network
  • For the Short term Examine traffic on the
    existing Internet
  • backbone to solve bottleneck point.
  • For the long term Use PUBNET and ATM to
    build Super-
  • high speed
    Internet backbone
  • - build more IX (Internet exchange point)
  • - 33.6Kbps ? 56K
    bps

28
Development of Internet Business Services on the
CATV Network
  • Merit Provide Internet Service in low price
  • Bandwidth
  • Status of HFC network

29
Government Support for Internet Businesses
  • Support Model Project of Commercial Activity
    based on Internet
  • Support Next generation Internet Pilot Project
  • Support APAN (Asia Pacific Advanced network)
    Activity

30
Promotion of RD Investment for Internet
Technologies
  • Direction
  • - Driving force to develop new technology
    through Industrial-educational
  • cooperation
  • - positive utilization of Forward Delivery
    Trial Network to verify Internet
  • technology which will be developed
  • - Reinforce exchange information between
    Standardization and R D

31
Government Roles in EC
  • Constructing technical infrastructure
  • EC related technology
  • Standards for electronic document
  • Physical network infrastructure
  • Preparing legal and institutional arrangement
  • Constructing the environment for elevating the
    social acknowledgement on EC
  • Establishing the national strategy for issues on
    global EC and internal cooperation

32
Government initiatives for EC In Korea
  • Government took full initiatives in major areas
    during the introduction of EDI in Korea
  • logistics, customs, taxation, procurement
  • Market formation as a investor and a user
  • Promulgated independent EDI law for the first
    time in the world(1992)
  • EDI is considered an integral part of the major
    social overhead capital
  • MOTI(Ministry of Trade and Industry) and
    MIC(Ministry of Information) are major actors in
    EC policy.

33
Policy direction in Internet based EC
  • Foster market mechanism and private sector
    initiatives
  • More focus on production and logistics than
    consumption
  • Active participation to Intl cooperation
  • Effective division of responsibility among
    government and private sector

34
Some Measure for Expansion of EC over the Internet
  • Tariffs on Internet transaction
  • Visible merchandise tariff as present
  • Invisible product tentatively tariff-free
  • Regulation on Contents
  • Development of consumer protect measure
  • Self regulation against harmful contents
  • Preparation of Electronic Fund Transfer Act
    (during 1998)
  • Operation of EC supporting Center for SMEs
  • Launching and supporting EC pilot project in the
    public
  • private sector
  • Risk taking and awareness elevation

35
Thank you !
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