Eisenhower

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Eisenhower Kennedy

• The Cold War Reaches The Brink

2
President Truman

• Increases in Tension Under the Truman
  Administration
• The Berlin Blockade
• The Fall of China
• The Korean War
• What is next?

Office of the President 1945 to 1953
1952 Presidential Election
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1952 Presidential ElectionDwight Eisenhower v.
Adlai Stevenson
Eisenhower Nixon Elected to Office
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1956 Presidential ElectionDwight Eisenhower v.
Adlai Stevenson
Eisenhower Nixon Re-Elected to Office
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President Eisenhower

• Increases in Tension Under the Eisenhower
  Administration
• 4. Sputnik (ICBM Creation)
• 5. The U2 Incident
• What is next?

Office of the President 1953 to 1961
1960 Presidential Election
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Episode 7 Hail to the Chief Eisenhower 2000
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1960 Presidential Election

• John Fitzgerald Kennedy (D)

• Richard Nixon (R)

Senator from Massachusetts
Vice President under Eisenhower
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(No Transcript)
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The Debate That Changed the World
Nixon Kennedy Debate - 9.26.1960
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Question.

• What won John F. Kennedy the 1960 Presidential
  Election?

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Question.

1. Religion
2. Name/Father
3. Age

• What were three problems that John F. Kennedy
  faced while running for President in 1960?

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1960 Presidential ElectionJohn F. Kennedy v.
Richard Nixon
Kennedy Johnson Elected to Office
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Presidential Inauguration of JFK
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President Kennedy

• Increases in Tension Under the Kennedy
  Administration
• 6. Bay of Pigs Incident
• 7. The Berlin Wall
• 8. The Cuban Missile Crisis
• What is next?

The Cuba Problem
Office of the President 1961 to 1963
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Bahia de CuchinosThe Bay of Pigs Incident
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Fidel Castro

• By the beginning of 1960, Cuba was for all
  practical purposes a Communist dictatorship and,
  in military perspective, a Soviet satellite.

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When Kennedy took over early in 1961, he found a
proposal for 1,200 armed Cuban exiles to be
landed in an area called the Bay of Pigs to
detonate a popular uprising the operation was a
total disaster from the start, primarily because
Castro was able to read all about it, in advance,
in the US media Castros troops, well prepared
for the incursion, killed 114 of the invaders and
took the rest, 1,189, nearly all of whom were
executed or later died in Castros prisons.
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Success has a thousand fathers, but failure is
an orphan. John F. Kennedy
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The Berlin Wall
That same year, Kennedy played a role in another
major event of the decade and the Cold Warthe
Soviet construction of the Berlin Wall, which
divided the German city into East and West
Berlin. Khrushchev constructed the Berlin Wall
to divide the east and west sides of the city,
tearing apart families and preventing economic
exchange. This move demonstrated the Soviet's
might and willingness to go toe-to-toe with the
United States. To Kennedy's credit, he did not
back down. He visited Berlin in 1962 and paid
tribute to the spirit of Berliners and to their
quest for freedom when he declared to the crowds
All free men, wherever they may live, are
citizens of Berlin, and therefore, as a free man,
I take pride in the words, Ich bin ein Berliner.
He also offered this commentary on the Soviet
regime For those who say communism is a better
system, let them come to Berlin. His
popularity soared.
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The Cuban Missile Crisis
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Thirteen Days in October

• 1962 Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev worried by
  US nuclear missiles in Turkey, sends more than 42
  medium range nuclear-capable missiles, 24 long
  range nuclear-capable missiles (never arrived),
  24 SAMs, and 42,000 Soviet troops and technicians
  to Cuba.

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Thirteen Days in October

• October 14th US U2 spy planes take the first
  clear pictures of the missiles. Moscow denies
  deployment.

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Thirteen Days in October

• October 22nd President Kennedy imposes a sea
  blockade of Cuba and puts armed forces on
  heightened alert, ready to order a strike on
  Cuba.

President Kennedy - Cuban Missile Crisis Speech
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Thirteen Days in October

• October 26th Moscow announces it will remove
  missiles in return for guarantees US will not
  invade Cuba and, under a secret deal, remove US
  missiles from Turkey.

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Very.
There is no doubt the world came close to
nuclear war, probable closer than at any other
time, before or since. On October 22nd all
American missile crews were placed on maximum
alert. Some 800 B47s, 550 B52s, and 70 B58s were
prepared with their bomb-bays closed for
immediate take off Over the Atlantic were 90
B52s carrying multi-megaton bombs. Nuclear
warheads were made active on 100 Atlas, 50 Titan,
and 12 Minuteman missiles, and on American
carriers, submarines, and overseas bases. All
commands were in a state of Defcon-2, the highest
state of readiness next to war itself.

• How Close Was Nuclear War?

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• Then and for some years afterwards, The Cuban
  Missile Crisis was considered the finest hour of
  the Kennedy Presidency.

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Kennedy The USSR Plans for Peace
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(No Transcript)
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November 22nd, 1963
Peter Jennings - The Kennedy Conspiracy
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(No Transcript)
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In his inaugural address, Kennedy said that the
torch had been passed to a new generation. With
Kennedys death, the torch was passed back to an
old generation the generation of Johnson,
Nixon, Ford, and Reagan leaders who, though not
much older, would systematically destroy the
promise of the Kennedy years as they returned the
country to war and repression.
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If he had lived, the world would have been
different. I feel quite confident of
that. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara