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Vice President, Executive Cabinet and Federal Bureaucracy

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Title: Unusual Presidential Elections, Vice President and Electoral College Author: Robert L. Kennedy Last modified by: Kennedy, Peggy Created Date – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Vice President, Executive Cabinet and Federal Bureaucracy


1
Vice President, Executive Cabinet and Federal
Bureaucracy
2
Powers of Modern Presidents
  • Negotiate executive agreements with foreign
    powers without Congressional approval
  • Break treaties without Congress
  • Chief State carries out ceremonial
    responsibilities such as dedicating national
    monuments and government buildings
  • Chief Ambassador

3
Presidential Clauses
  • Executive Power Clause president has the power
    to develop, create and legislate new laws
  • Take Care Clause empowers president with
    responsibility to see that laws are enforced.

4
Nixons Resignation
  • One month later President Gerald Ford pardoned
    him
  • Watergate shook faith of Americans in the
    presidency and test for the U. S. Constitution
  • Illustrated that no one is above the law, not
    even the president
  • Testing of Legislative-Executive Checks and
    Balances

5
Vice President
  • John Adams called it the most insignificant
    office created
  • 9 Vice Presidents have taken over the office of
    president, first was John Tyler in 1841 when
    President William Henry Harrison died
  • Same qualifications as president
  • 171, 500 salary plus official expenses

6
Vice President
  • Before 1804, the vice presidency went to the
    candidate that was second, no matter the party.
  • After 1796 election two rivals John Adams and
    Thomas Jefferson ended in office together and it
    led to very little being accomplished
  • 12th Amendment ratified in 1804, revised the
    election process so that candidate clearly run
    for either president or vice president

7
Evolving Vice President
  • 1841 John Tyler first Vice President to become
    President due to the death of a president
  • President William Henry Harrison died one month
    after taking office
  • Tyler did not have a vice president

8
Vice President
  • Between 1789-1921, no vice president attended a
    meeting of the presidents cabinet
  • Theodore Roosevelt first to win a full term
    election of his own
  • Became president in 1901 when President McKinley
    was assassinated
  • Won election of 1904

9
Increased Role
  • Since 1933 vice president has attended cabinet
    meetings
  • Since 1947 Congress has included the vice
    president as one of the four statutory (legal)
    members of the National Security Council, which
    advises president on military matters and foreign
    affairs

10
25th Amendment
  • 25th Amendment in 1967 provides that a president
    fill a vacancy in the vice presidency by
    nominating a candidate who is confirmed by the
    majority of both houses of Congress
  • Vice President takes over if the president
    resigns from office or is incapacitated

11
Spiro Agnew
  • First use of 25th Amendment
  • Vice President under President Nixon
  • Resigned in 1973 over tax evasion, extortion and
    bribery
  • Fined 10,000
  • President Nixon appointed Gerald Ford as vice
    president

12
Gerald Ford
  • He was appointed Vice President when Spiro Agnew
    resigned
  • He became President less than one year later when
    President Nixon resigned
  • According the 25th Amendment, he appointed John
    Rockefeller as his Vice President
  • Only time President and Vice President not elected

13
Residency
  • 1975 obtained a residency for Vice President at
    the Naval Observatory
  • Sometimes called the Admirals House because it
    was the former home of the Chief of Naval
    Operations

14
Current Issues of Concern
  • Iraq War/Afghanistan
  • Economic Crisis
  • Economic Policies
  • Health Care
  • Taxes
  • Energy/global warming
  • Abortion
  • Education

15
Executive Office and the Federal Bureaucracy
16
Executive Office
  • Established 1939
  • Advise president on current issues
  • Council of Economic Advisers furnish the
    president with facts and figures about nations
    economy and recommends programs to promote
    economic growth
  • Office of Management and Budget assists in the
    preparation of the federal budget
  • National Security Council (NSC) is the
    presidents top ranking group of advisers on all
    matters concerning the nations defense and
    security
  • Office of National Drug Control Policy
    coordinates federal, state and local activities
    designed to stop the use of illegal drugs
  • Council on Environmental Quality monitors the
    environment and makes recommendations to the
    president
  • White House Office includes closest personal and
    political advisers to the president

17
Executive Departments
  • 37 czars right now
  • 15 executive departments
  • Congress has the power to establish executive
    departments, reorganize and combine different
    departments or eliminate them
  • President influences changes

18
Executive Agencies
  • Executive Branch has established a large number
    of agencies that carry out some of the executive
    functions of the government
  • There are 15 departments of the executive branch.
  • There are 140 agencies
  • Departments are authorized by Congress, their
    chiefs sit in the Cabinet and deal with large
    policy issues
  • Agencies are designed to carry out specific tasks
  • A few agencies such as the Central Intelligence
    Agency (CIA) are independent
  • Executive Branch employs 98 of all national
    government personnelover 4,000

19
Cabinet
  • Department of State, includes ambassadors
  • Department of Treasury, including IRS
  • Department of Defense, Armed Forces under this
    department since 1947. Under this is Department
    of the Navy, Department of the Air Force and
    Department of the Army. Highest military ranking
    officers of Army, Navy and Air Force are members
    of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This department
    takes care of the Academies at West Point,
    Annapolis, Colorado Springs and New London
  • Department of Agriculture
  • Department of Commerce
  • Department of Labor
  • Department of Health and Human Services
  • Department of Housing and Urban Development
  • Department of Transportation
  • Department of Energy
  • Department of Education
  • Department of Veterans Affairs
  • Department of Justice
  • Department of the Interior

20
The Cabinet
  • 1793 George Washington had the help of three
    departments Departments of State (Thomas
    Jefferson), Treasury (Alexander Hamilton) and War
    (Henry Knox)
  • Attorney General Edmund Randolph

21
The Cabinet
  • Today there are 15
  • Appointed by the President, approved by the
    Senate
  • Heads of departments are Secretaries, except
    Department of Justice, Attorney General

22
Executive Branch Tendencies
  • United States has a tradition of limited
    government
  • U. S. citizens resist taxes
  • Local and state governments provide day to day
    services for citizens
  • Executive branch different from others in the
    world with its separation from the legislative
    and judicial branches.

23
Federal Bureaucracy
  • Headed by the President
  • Many department and agencies in the executive
    branch form the federal bureaucracy
  • 3 million people work in the bureaucracy about
    2 of U.S. workforce
  • 7,500 appointed by the President, remainder are
    civil service
  • Over 2/3 of federal workers work for two
    agencies the Defense Department and the Postal
    Service
  • Many rules and regulations red tape
  • Subject to in history to the Spoils System
  • Presidents power over bureaucracy is limited by
    checks and balances in that Congress controls
    appropriations and size limits influence as well
  • Interest groups, federal agencies and related
    congressional committees form the iron triangle
    that influences policies

24
Current Concerns
  • War in Iraq and Afghanistan
  • Iran
  • North Korea
  • Health Care
  • Energy
  • Economy/Stimulus Money
  • Housing
  • Nuclear Weapons
  • Relations between Congress and President are
    often strained due to political party affiliation
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