Knowledge Management

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Knowledge Management

• Katrina Spooner
• Stephanie Arnaud
• Danny McLain
• Andy Hoyt
• Landon Bahler

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Introduction of Topics

• Today we will be covering
• Knowledge Management
• What it is and how we use it
• An overview of Digital Library technology and its
  implementations
• What is Meta Data and how we use it today
• How we are using Digital Library Technology in
  the business world
• Advantages and Disadvantages to Digital Library
  Technology
• An overview of Digital Library Products
• What is Fedora and DSpace?

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What is Knowledge Management?

• Many Definitions are available for this because
  it is a very broad subject.
• One definition says Knowledge Management is
  Capturing, organizing, and storing knowledge and
  experiences of individual workers and groups
  within an organization and making this
  information available to others in the
  organization. (AIHMA)
• It can also be The collection, organization,
  analysis, and sharing of information held by
  workers and groups within an organization. (World
  Wide Learning)
• Our project focuses on Knowledge management and
  how it is evolving into Digital Library technology

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Digital Library Technology

• According to Sun Microsystems Digital Library
  Technology is defined as The Electronic
  Extension of functions users typically perform
  and the resources they access in a traditional
  library.
• Instead of going to a typical library with
  hardcopy books, people are starting to use
  information databases and web technology to get
  the information they need at a much faster and
  more efficient rate.
• It is essentially bringing the library to your
  personal computers and we will discuss its
  implementation and how it helps users like us
  later on in our presentation

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History of Digital Library Technology

• Digital Library Technology has been evolving
  since the early 1990s but it was largely
  experimental.
• The U.S National Science Foundation (NSF) and the
  U.K Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC)
  did much of the research for DL Technology in the
  early nineties. (SunMicro Systems)
• They had three main goals for their program
• 1. Create new technology, which users could find,
  deliver and exploit.
• 2. Assemble information that was not otherwise
  accessible or useable due to technical barriers,
  distance, size, and other limits.
• 3. Evaluate the impact of this new technology.
  (SMS)

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History Continued

• In 1991, the World Wide Web was released. And it
  was not until 1995 that the Internet became very
  commercialized. By 2000, the Internet had
  exceeded their expectations with over 1 billion
  index able pages.
• Search engines such as Google and Yahoo provide a
  searchable index of internet resources. These are
  broad examples of digital libraries and more
  detailed descriptions will be discussed in our
  presentation.
• There are also other specialized search resources
  to help find certain content on the internet
  however much of the Digital Library technology is
  being used in companies to create networks and
  store data that is accessible to the companies
  employees.
• Cited from Sun Micro Systems

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National Science Digital Library (NSDL)

• Created by the National Science Foundation as
  part of the Digital Libraries Initiative.
• Offers reputable sources on Science, Engineering,
  Techology, and Mathematics that is searchable
  from one location.
• Information is added to the collection through a
  review process. It is cataloged, but the
  resources are not in one place.
  http//nsdl.org/resources_for/first_time_users/ind
  ex.php?pagerfaq

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Wikis

• A wiki provides a collaborative environment where
  individuals can contribute, edit, and review
  content.
• Anyone can edit the information or create new
  information. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki
• Wikipedia is a great example
• There is software to create wikis such as TWiki
  in a corporate environment. http//twiki.org/

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Metadata

• Information about a file or other data
• Important for searching resources in a digital
  library
• Can be stored in the resource itself or in an
  external database. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me
  tadata
• Examples ID3 Tags for MP3s, Information embedded
  in digital camera files

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Internally Store Metadata
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Externally Stored Metadata
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Metadata Harvesting

• A mechanism through which metadata can be shared
  between different systems
• OAI-PMH created by the Open Archives Initiative
  is a major protocol for exchanging metadata
  consisting of a metadata repository and a
  harvester. http//www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarc
  hivesprotocol.html
• The National Science Digital Library uses OAI-PMH
  to answer requests from harvesters from other
  services. http//www.cs.cornell.edu/lagoze/papers/
  Arms-et-al-LibraryHiTech.pdf

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Digital Library Technology in the Business World

• Businesses are rapidly increasing their use of DL
  technology because it is helping them to be more
  efficient. All the information they need is at
  their fingertips, which makes sharing company
  information much faster.
• Companies can create private or public networks
  to store information and make it available to the
  appropriate users. This allows employees of
  companies to share important information to many
  users and helps to control who is accessing the
  data.

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• Businesses need to be able to deliver rich
  digital content, and this is why digital library
  technology is so important. It takes the content
  from the company and organizes it so that it is
  available to users in a manageable way. It also
  allows users to search for the information they
  need quickly using metadata.
• In AIS, Digital Libraries are used to spread new
  knowledge to a mass group by publishing articles
  on the Information System. It also provides free
  software which companies can use and then change
  to create exactly what they need. This saves time
  and money for companies because much of the
  research and development of these systems has
  already occurred.

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• For example, a Digital Library (DL) for business
  can be viewed as a means of doing Knowledge
  Management in a linked economy. Consider a
  scenario like this
• A business consultant has knowledge about
  cost-saving ways of complying with international
  tax rules on transfer pricing. She is persuaded
  to become an author, to make her knowledge
  explicit, and to place it in the DL. It is in her
  interest to do this, because the DL software
  protects her rights, and pays royalties. So, from
  her point of view, the DL is a safe and efficient
  way of delivering her knowledge to customers. She
  sees her investment in knowledge repaid in more
  ways than she would get by traditional methods
  alone. (Walker)

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Additional Advantages of DL Technology in Business

• Digital Library technology has benefited
  businesses by making them more successful and
  accessible. By having the power to store data and
  access it at any time, users have been able to
  gain knowledge at an increasingly rapid rate.
• Storing data and extracting it has become a much
  easier and more manageable task for content
  managers.
• New programs are always being created and adopted
  by companies to help increase efficiency and
  specialize the software to their needs.

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Disadvantage of DL Technology in Business

• There is really only one disadvantage to
  implementing a Digital Library within a business.
  Unfortunately, it is very expensive and time
  consuming to create one of these systems.
• The funding issue is probably the single
  largest barrier to digital library development.
  (SMS)

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The Uses of a Digital Library for Individuals

• You can gain access to the holdings of
  libraries worldwide through automated catalogs.
• You are able to locate both physical and
  digitized versions of scholarly articles and
  books.
• You can optimize searches, simultaneously
  search the Internet, commercial databases, and
  library collections.
• You can save search results and conduct
  additional processing to narrow or qualify
  results.
• From search results, you can click through to
  access the digitized content or locate additional
  items of interest.
• Sun Microsystems. Digital Library Technology
  Trends. (2002) Available

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FEDORA

• Flexible Extensible Digital Object and
  Repository Architecture

• What is it?
• Where did it come from?
• What is its goal?
• What does it do?
• How does it work?

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FEDORA

• What is it?
• - Fedora is open source software that is a
  distributed repository service that can serve as
  a fundamental component in an open digital
  library infrastructure.
• Where did it come from?
• - Cornell University Information Science and the
  University of Virginia Librarys research and
  development team jointly developed Fedora.
• What is the goal of Fedora?
• -The goal of the Fedora project is to provide
  open source repository software and related
  services to serve as the foundation for many
  types of information management systems.
• -The FEDORA architecture is designed to enable
  interoperability by three means (1) supporting
  the aggregation of heterogeneous, distributed
  content, (2) providing a means for attaching
  extensible behaviors to a digital object, and (3)
  providing a mechanism for associating
  externally-supplied rights enforcement mechanisms
  with the digital object to protect intellectual
  content.

• (http//www.cs.cornell.edu/lagoze/papers/ADL98/dar
  -adl.html) (www.fedora.info/)

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FEDORA

• What does it do?
• -It operates with other service modules that
  support searching, information discovery, name
  resolution, and rights management.
• How does it work?
• -Distributed Active Relationships (DARs) are the
  basis for implementing Fedora components called
  "Interfaces" and "Enforcers" which are linked to
  Digital Objects. Interfaces define relationships
  and behaviors, and are attached to Digital
  Objects to enable them to produce various outputs
  of their content packages. Enforcers are a
  special type of Interface that protect the
  intellectual content in a Digital Object.

• (http//www.cs.cornell.edu/lagoze/papers/ADL98/dar
  -adl.html) (www.fedora.info/)

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DSpace

• What is it?
• How does it work?
• What is a DSpace community?
• What kind of documents does DSpace store?

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DSpace

• What is it?
• - DSpace was developed by MIT Libraries and
  Hewlett-Packard
• - DSpace is a digital repository system that
  captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and
  distributes digital research material.
• How does it work?
• - DSpace manages and distributes digital items,
  made up of digital files (or bitstreams), and
  allows you to create, index, and search
  associated metadata to locate and retrieve the
  items. It's designed to support the long-term
  preservation of the digital material stored in
  the repository. DSpace is also designed to make
  submission easy DSpace Communities (such as
  departments, labs, and centers) can customize the
  system to meet their individual needs and manage
  the submission process themselves.
• http//libraries.mit.edu/dspace-mit/)

• (

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DSpace

• What is a DSpace community?

• (http//libraries.mit.edu/dspace-mit/)

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DSpace

• What kind of content does DSpace store?
• -Documents, such as articles, preprints, working
  papers, technical reports, or conference papers
• -Books
• -Theses
• -Data sets
• -Computer programs
• -Visualizations, simulations, and other models
• -Multimedia publications
• -Books
• -Bibliographic datasets
• -Images
• -Audio files
• -Video files
• -Learning objects
• -Web pages

• (http//libraries.mit.edu/dspace-mit/)

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Conclusion

• Knowledge Management
• Digital Library Technology and its
  implementations
• What Meta Data is and how we use it today
• How Digital Library Technology is used in the
  business world
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Library
  Technology
• Digital Library Products such as Fedora and
  DSpace

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QUESTIONS???
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SOURCES

• AIHMA. Knowledge Management (2002) Available
  http//library.ahima.org/
• Fedora Fedora Open Source Repository Software.
  (2005) Available http//www.fedora.info/documents
  /WhitePaper/FedoraWhitePaper.pdf
• MIT Libraries. (April 28, 2006) DSpace.
  Available http//www.dspace.org/
• http//www.fedorafaq.org/nextversion
• NISO Understanding Metadata.(2001). Available
• http//www.niso.org/standards/resources/Understand
  ingMetadata.pdf
• Sun Microsystems. Digital Library Technology
  Trends. (2002) Available http//www.sun.com/produ
  cts-n-solutions/edu/whitepapers/pdf/digital_librar
  y_trends.pdf
• Walker, Adrien. (1998) The Internet Knowledge
  Manager, Dynamic Digital Libraries, and Agents
  You can Understand. Available http//www.dlib.org
  /dlib/march98/walker/03walker.html
• http//nsdl.org/resources_for/first_time_users/ind
  ex.php?pagerfaq
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata
• http//www.cs.cornell.edu/lagoze/papers/Arms-et-al
  -LibraryHiTech.pdf
• http//www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotoc
  ol.html
• www.fedora.info/)
• http//libraries.mit.edu/dspace-mit/)