World War II

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World War II

• 1939-1945

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I. Dictators Rise To Power

• A. Treaty of Versailles-
• created depression in Europe and
  resentment in Germany. Countries were
  economically ruined and people feared
  Communism in the East.

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I. Dictators Rise To Power

• B. New Leaders
• Leaders promised a bright future for their
  people and blamed others.
• Benito Mussolini-Italy-Fascist Party

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I. Dictators Rise To Power

• B. New Leaders
• Adolf Hitler-Germany-Nazi Party
• Hitler believed in a "master race" of
  Germans and used secret police and the
  military to control and manipulate the people.

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I. Dictators Rise To Power

• B. New Leaders
• After gaining support, these leaders became
  aggressive.

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I. Dictators Rise To Power

• C. Territorial Invasions
• Japan invaded Manchuria
• Hitler militarized the Rhineland

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II. American Position

• A. Good Neighbor Policy-continued in the face a
  new developments. Many Americans promoted
  isolationism.
• -Congress passed the Neutrality Acts to keep
  the United States out of armed conflicts.

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II. American Position

• B. Roosevelt Challenges Isolationism
• -Japan continued actions in China and the
  U.S. supported China with arms and funds to
  rebuild.
• -Roosevelt wanted to "quarantine" the
  aggressors.

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III. Hitler Marches in Europe

• A. New Acquisitions
• -March 11, 1938-Hitler annexed Austria
  saying that he was helping Germans in the
  country.
• -March 1939-Hitler forced Czechoslovakia to
  agree to annexation.

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III. Hitler Marches in Europe

• B. Reactions
• Munich Pact-Allowed Hitler to invade the
  Sudetenland if he would stop there.
• Neville Chamberlain proclaimed that we
  had preserved peace in our time.

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III. Hitler Marches in Europe

• B. Reactions
• Appeasement-France and Britain had adopted
  the policy of giving in to Hitler's demands to
  avoid war.
• Hitler broke his promise and took over all
  of Czechoslovakia.

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IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression

• Axis Powers
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
• wanted to be the center of the world

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IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression

• 1931-1932-Japan invaded and conquered Manchuria
• 1935-Italy invaded and annexed Ethiopia
• 1935-1936-Germany violated Treaty of
  Versailles with conscription and
  remilitarizing the Rhineland

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IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression

• 1936-1939-Germany and Italy aided Francisco
  Franco in the Spanish Civil War
• 1937-Japan conquered Chinese coastal areas
• 1938-Hitler invaded and annexed Austria to
  protect German speaking people

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IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression

• 1938-Munich Pact-France and Britain allowed
  Hitler to take the Sudetenland if he would
  demand no more territory. 6 months later,
  he broke his promise and took all of
  Czechoslovakia.
• 1939-Mussolini invaded and annexed Albania

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IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression

• 1939-Germany signed the Non-Aggression Pact
  with Russia saying that Russia would not
  interfere in Poland if Germany wouldn't
  interfere in the Baltic states.
• Sept. 1, 1939-Germany invaded Poland, France
  Britain declared war on Germany, starting WWII

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IV. Timeline of Axis Aggression

• Long Range Causes of WWII
• 1. Dictatorships
• 2. Militarism
• 3. Nationalism
• 4. Imperialism
• 5. Failure of Appeasement

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V. Early Action of the War

• A. German Successes
• 1. Germany unleashed blitzkrieg warfare
  (lightning war). Quick and effective
  coordination of all parts of he military.
• 2. Germany rolled through Poland and easily
  took Denmark Norway to secure naval bases.

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V. Early Action of the War

• A. German Successes
• 3. Germany invaded France through Belgium
  the Netherlands. Nazi armies easily defeated
  the Allies and France surrendered. Germany
  set up a puppet government in the south at
  Vichy and occupied the north.

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V. Early Action of the War

• A. German Successes
• 4. Germany bombed Great Britain for 3 months
  to soften the island's defenses for invasion.
  The British air force claimed victory in
  this Battle of Britain when Hitler chose to
  postpone his invasion of Britain.

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V. Early Action of the War

• B. U.S. Actions
• 1. Lend-Lease Act-1941-President could lend or
  lease goods to anyone whose defense was vital
  to the United States.
• 2. U.S. imposed embargo on Japan and froze all
  Japanese assets in the U.S.

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V. Early Action of the War

• C. 2 Mistakes made by the Axis Powers
• 1. Germany invaded Russia-June 22, 1941- Hitler
  violated the non-aggression pact and invaded
  hoping to control oil and mineral resources.
  Russia proved to be a strong enemy with millions
  of troops. Stalin foiled Hitler's invasion.
• Known as Operation Barbarossa.

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V. Early Action of the War

• C. 2 Mistakes made by the Axis Powers
• 2. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor-Dec. 7,
  1941-Japanese General Tojo launched a surprise
  attack on the naval base hoping to preserve
  their empire in the Pacific. The Japanese
  underestimated the power of the United States.

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Pearl Harbor

• December 7, 1941-Japanese wanted to buy some time
  to strengthen their position. Our fleet in
  Hawaii was a threat to their dominance of the
  Pacific islands.
• Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto said "I fear
  all we have done is to awaken a
  sleeping giant and fill him with a
  terrible resolve."
• Japanese reaction "We won a great tactical
  victory at Pearl Harbor and thereby lost the war."

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Pearl Harbor

• American Results
• All together the Japanese sank or severely
  damaged 18 ships, including 8 battleships, 3
  light cruisers, and 3 destroyers. On the
  airfields the Japanese destroyed 161 American
  planes and seriously damaged 102.
• U.S casualties 2403 dead, 1178 wounded

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Pearl Harbor

• American Results
• 16 Congressional Medals of Honor,
• 51 Navy Crosses, 53 Silver Crosses,
• 4 Navy and Marine Corps Medals,
• 1 Distinguished Flying Cross,
• 4 Distinguished Service Crosses,
• 1 Distinguished Service Medal, and
• 3 Bronze Stars were awarded to the American
  servicemen who distinguished themselves

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Pearl Harbor

• American Results
• Franklin Roosevelt called it a date which will
  live in infamy.

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VI. War on the Homefront

• A. Economy
• 1. Agencies were created to coordinate war
  production in factories.
• 2. Government regulated prices and rationed
  some supplies.
• 3. War cost 330 billion-income taxes
  increased and war bonds were sold.

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WWII Posters
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VI. War on the Homefront

• A. Economy
• 1. Agencies were created to coordinate war
  production in factories.
• 2. Government regulated prices and rationed
  some supplies.
• 3. War cost 330 billion-income taxes
  increased and war bonds were sold.

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VI. War on the Homefront

• B. Civil Liberties
• 1. No laws were passed to restrict freedom
  of speech or press.
• 2. Japanese Americans were feared and forced
  to "relocation" centers, aka interment camps.

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VII. War Comes to an End

• A. Victory in Europe
• 1. Battle of El Alamein-1942-British defeated
  Germans in North Africa leading to full Allied
  invasion of Africa and Italy.
• 2. Battle of Stalingrad-1942-Russians
  defeated the German army of 300,000.

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VII. War Comes to an End

• A. Victory in Europe
• 3. Operation Overlord-June 6, 1944
  (D- Day)-Cross-channel invasion by the Allies
  into northern France. Allied forces recaptured
  Paris and drove the Germans to Berlin.

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VII. War Comes to an End

• A. Victory in Europe
• Yalta Conference-Feb. 1945, Stalin, Churchill,
  and FDR met to discuss the end of the war. They
  agreed to divide, occupy, and denazify Germany.
  Critics said that too much was given
  to Russia. They were basically
  allowed to control Eastern
  Europe.

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VII. War Comes to an End

• The Death of Franklin Roosevelt
• President Roosevelt died April 12, 1945 from a
  cerebral hemorrhage.
• Harry Truman becomes president only 82 days after
  being elected VP. FDR was president for 12
  years.

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VII. War Comes to an End

• A. Victory in Europe
• 4. Surrender-Hitler committed suicide and
  Germany surrendered-May 8, 1945-(V-E Day)
• Potsdam Conference-July 17, 1945-Leaders agreed
  to direction of postwar Germany and all dedicated
  to the unconditional surrender of Japan.

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VII. War Comes to an End
5 Marines and 1 Navy Corpsman raise the flag atop
Mount Suribachi

• B. Victory in the Pacific
• 1. Japanese successes were stopped at the
  Battle of the Coral Sea and at the Battle of
  Midway. (1942)
• 2. Allies used "island-hopping" recapturing
  the Phillipines, Guam, Iwo Jima, etc. The
  Japanese lost 20,000 of their 22,000 soldiers
  defending Iwo Jima. The U.S. casualties were
  26,000 dead or wounded.

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VII. War Comes to an End

• B. Victory in the Pacific
• 3. U.S. dropped 2 atomic bombs 1 on Hiroshima
  and 1 on Nagasaki. The devastation forced the
  surrender of Japan. September 2, 1945 (V-J Day)

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VII. War Comes to an End

• Facts about the Atomic Bombs
• -The Manhattan Project was the government program
  headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer that
  developed the weapons.
• -The two bombs were known as Little Boy and
  Fat Man

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VII. War Comes to an End

• Facts about the Atomic Bombs
• -The plane that dropped the first bomb,
  Little Boy was named The Enola
  Gay.
• -The bombs killed over 200,000 people on or just
  after the days of explosion.

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VII. War Comes to an End

• Facts about the Atomic Bombs
• Nagasaki Memorial at the Hypocentre (the center
  of the explosion)

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VIII. Results of the War

• A. Changes in Warfare
• 1. Total war-civilians of countries
  participated in any way possible.
• 2. Global war-60 nations involved on 3
  continents.
• 3. Technology-radar, guided missiles, jets,
  atom bombs, new medicines.
• 4. Airplanes-air combat became essential to
  warfare.

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VIII. Results of the War

• B. Economic Costs
• 1. War cost billions of dollars and ruined
  economies.
• C. Social Costs
• 1. 22 million dead 34 million wounded
• 2. Millions of refugees left their home
  countries
• 3. Genocide-Hitler's racial policies including
  the extermination of over 6 million Jews in
  concentration camps throughout Europe.

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VIII. Results of the War

• The Holocaust
• Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party sent millions
  of European Jews to concentration camps all over
  the continent.
• Hitler believed that the Jews were
  untermencsh, (less than human), and blamed
  them for the failures of German society after
  WWI.

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VIII. Results of the War

• The Holocaust
• Prisoners at these camps were mistreated,
  underfed, and diseased.
• The prisoners were used as forced laborers for
  many German factories.
• Nazi scientists also used the prisoners for
  experiments and scientific/psychological
  studies.

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VIII. Results of the War

• The Holocaust
• The most notorious of these camps were
• Dachau, Auschwitz, Bergen Belsen, Sobibor,
  Treblinka, Buchenwald, etc.
• The Jewish population of Europe was devastated.
  Over 90 of all Jews in Poland, Austria,
  Hungary, Germany, and the Baltic States were
  executed.

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VIII. Results of the War

• The Holocaust
• When Allied armies liberated these camps, they
  found some survivors and thousands of victims.

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VIII. Results of the War

• The Holocaust
• Jews were not the only prisoners or victims.
  Anyone who was subversive or undesirable was
  sent to the camps.
• These included Poles, Gypsies, handicapped,
  homosexuals, Soviet citizens, religious
  opponents, and political prisoners. Each had
  their own symbol to wear in the camps,
  designating what type of prisoner they were.

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• YellowJewish
• Red
• political prisoner
• PinkHomosexual
• Greencriminal
• Blackasocial
• BrownGypsies
• Purple
• Religious prisoner
• Blueimmigrant,
• forced labor

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VIII. Results of the War

• D. Political Costs
• 1. Colonialism in Africa Asia declined as
  France and Britain lost power.
• 2. Soviet Union acquired satellite states in
  Eastern Europe.
• 3. United Nations was founded to keep world
  peace.
• 4. Germany was divided into Communist East and
  Democratic West.

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VIII. Results of the War

• D. Political Costs
• 5. The United States and the Soviet Union
  emerged as superpowers.
• 6. The Atomic Age began.

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VIII. Results of the War

• The Nuremberg Trials
• Series of tribunals in which prominent members
  of the Nazi Party were prosecuted for their
  involvement in the war and crimes against
  humanity associated with the
  Holocaust.