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An Agrarian Republic 1790-1824

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Embargo Act- 1807. British block and capture many U.S. trading ships. USS Chesapeake. British commander demands to come aboard and search for believed deserters – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: An Agrarian Republic 1790-1824


1
An Agrarian Republic1790-1824
  • AP U.S. History

2
Growth Economy
  • 1800 most people live within 50 miles of coast
  • Farms in small towns.
  • 1790-1800 Population grows from 3.9M to 5.3M.
  • LA Purchase gt Double the U.S.
  • National Economy
  • Foreign commerce.
  • 1800- Predominantly agriculture.
  • 94 live in small communities.
  • Shipping opens trade with British French
  • Coastal cities grow, move from rural to urban,
    creates a diversified economy.

3
America in 1800
4
Jeffersons Presidency
  • An agrarian republic America should be a
    collective of small family farms in rural
    communities.
  • Malthus Population growth would outpace ability
    to produce food leading to poverty and misery.
  • T.J. U.S. has grown 40 every decade but the
    land resources of the continent can sustain
    growth.

5
Jeffersons Government
  • Campaign Promises
  • Reduce army.
  • Cut internal taxes.
  • Eliminate national debt.
  • Cut government staff.
  • Self government for the yeoman farmer Federal
    government cannot be large.
  • Kept all campaign promises.
  • Buys LA Purchase for 15M.

6
Party Politics
  • Jefferson keeps majority of Federalist judiciary
    appointees.
  • Denies Midnight Judge appointments.
  • Marbury v. Madison (1803)
  • Federal judiciary is the supreme interpreter of
    the Constitution.
  • Balanced the 3 branches of government.

7
Louisiana Purchase
8
Louisiana Purchase
  • France reacquires LA territory from Spain (1801).
  • T.J. fears New Orleans will be cut off again.
  • Authorizes Monroe to buy New Orleans for 2-10M.
  • Napoleon offers LA territory for 15M and Monroe
    accepts without authorization.
  • Largest peaceful land acquisition in U.S.
    history.
  • T.J. worries Constitution does not allow
    executive to purchase land.

9
Negative Aspects of Expansion
  • Constant mobility.
  • Environmental damage.
  • Ruthlessness towards Indians.
  • Sectional strains due to expansion of slavery.

10
Louisiana Territory
  • 529,911,680 acres _at_ 0.03 per acre.
  • Racially and ethnically diverse.
  • Total population 43,000
  • American 6,000.
  • French were dominant people and culture.

11
Embargo Act- 1807
  • British block and capture many U.S. trading ships
  • USS Chesapeake
  • British commander demands to come aboard and
    search for believed deserters
  • USS Chesapeake captain refuses
  • British open fire killing 3 and wounding 8
  • 1807 Embargo Act Jefferson forbids trade with
    any foreign country. (Aimed at the British)
  • Disaster for U.S. economy. Failure of peaceable
    coercion
  • Exports fall from 108M to 22M.
  • Deep economic depression.
  • Evasion of policy.
  • T.J. ends second term unpopular.

12
Jeffersons Indian Policy
  • Western expansion leads to invasion, resistance
    defeat.
  • Assimilation.
  • Indians surrender land, whites teach them how to
    farm and live on compressed reservations.
  • Christianize Indians.
  • Face assimilation removal or extinction.

13
Indian Resistance 1790-1816
14
Indian Resistance
  • Treaties obtained in west through bribery,
    trickery and coercion.
  • No tribe can give away common property.
  • Strategy of strong defense and resistance.
  • Tecumsehs strategy for survival
  • Indian Territory General William Henry Harrison
    leads 1,000 soldiers to Tippecanoe (Indiana)
  • Claims victory, but in reality dispersed the
    tribe and their numbers grow with hatred. Join
    forces with British.

15
Indian Resistance 1790-1816
16
War of 1812
  • President Madison asks for declaration June 1,
    1812.
  • Blame British for Indian uprisings.
  • Selling weapons to natives
  • Difficulties of neutral shipping rights.
  • Capture of ships
  • War Hawks Young Dem. Rep.s
  • Despised the British, wanted to secure the U.S.
  • Secure Florida to stop run away slaves from
    escaping there.
  • Invade Canada and get rid of British.

17
1812
  • British were hurt by embargo.
  • Federalists oppose wars.
  • West south pro-war, New England and Middle
    states against war.

18
Canada
  • British-Indian alliance defeat Americans in
    north.
  • Defeat due to
  • MA, RI CT refuse to provide militia.
  • Underestimate Indian (Tecumseh) and British
    forces.

19
The War of 1812
20
War in the South
  • Andrew Jackson wins Creek War of 1812.
  • Unable to win Florida, but succeeds in taking New
    Orleans.

21
Naval War
  • British blockade
  • Attack coastal settlements.
  • Burn Washington in summer of 1814.
  • Star-Spangled Banner written as F. S. Key watched
    the battle on Fort McHenry.
  • Baltimore

22
Hartford Convention-1814
  • Federalists meet to voice protest of War of 1812.
  • 5 NE states represented MA, CT, RI, VT NH.
  • Sealed destruction of Federalist party.
  • Renewed states rights and the issue of secession
    again.
  • Not enough support

23
Treaty of Ghent-1814
  • Weak and vague treaty.
  • Major issues of impressments and neutral rights
    were not addressed.
  • British evacuate western ports.
  • Abandon insistence for buffer state for Indians
    in the NW.
  • Indians are only clear losers.
  • Ended feelings of colonial dependency.
  • Last war U.S. and Britain fought against each
    other.

24
Spread of Settlement Westward Surge, 18001820
25
Reasons for Westward Movement
  • Population Shift
  • 1790 95 live in states bordering ocean.
  • 1820 25 west of the Appalachian Mtns.
  • 1800-1820 increase from 5.3M to 9.6M.
  • Indian removal after War of 1812
  • Overpopulated farm land
  • Largest factor Price. Land Ord. of 1785 had only
    benefits wealthy.
  • Land Act of 1820 Price is set at 1.25/acre,
    min. purchase of 80 acres (640 acre min in 1785)
    and 100 down payment.
  • Most liberal land act in US history but still
    favors wealthy.

26
Western Land Sales
27
Social Results of Expansion
  • North South Transplant and move directly west.
  • Bring religion and culture with them.
  • West fails to create a third voice in
    sectionalism because it still depended upon the
    North/South divide.

28
Major Migration Routes, 18001820
29
Second Great Awakening
  • 1790s New England, spread through Protestant
    churches in whole country.
  • Most dramatic on frontier.
  • Organized religion becomes important facet of
    westward migration.
  • Women were the majority of church members.

30
Election of 1816
  • Virginia Dynasty First four of five presidents
    are from VA (Washington, Jefferson, Madison
    Monroe).
  • Last election for Federalists. (Rufus King)
  • Democratic-Republicans or Jeffersonian had
    adapted many Federalist policies.
  • No opponent against Monroe in 1820.
  • Era of Good Feeling (1817-1825).
  • Phrase applied to Monroes presidency

31
Monroe's Presidency
  • Sought national unity. Ease sectional
    differences by having both represented in his
    cabinet.
  • Support Henry Clays American System first
    proposed by Hamilton (Federalist program).
  • National Bank
  • Tariff
  • National system of roads and canals.
  • Federal government must play a role in economic
    and commercial conditions.

32
American System
  • 1816 Second Bank of U.S. chartered for 20 years.
  • Large scale financing to create a strong
    currency.
  • Tariff of 1816 1st protective tariff in U.S.
    history.
  • Southern and northern support. British are
    flooding markets.
  • Roads Canals (internal improvements) are more
    controversial.
  • Congressman want improvements in their state with
    federal money. Denied as unconstitutional.

33
John Quincy Adams Foreign Policy
  • Adams-Onis Treaty or Transcontinental Treaty
  • Spain cedes Florida and drops claims to LA OR.
  • US gave up claim on Texas territory
  • Monroe Doctrine (created by Adams as Sec. of
    State for Monroe)-1823
  • Any attempts by Europe to colonize in W. Hem will
    be seen as an attack on U.S. security
  • End to colonization of the Western Hemisphere by
    European nations.

34
John Quincy Adamss Border Treaties
35
Panic of 1819
  • Caused by end of War of 1812.
  • American shipping boom comes to an end with
    Britain returning to the seas.
  • European farm production increases.
  • Land speculation causes inflation in southern
    land prices (100/acre).
  • Farmers buy land on credit leading to
    foreclosures.
  • Small banks fail, blame Bank of U.S. for
    problems.
  • Urban workers become involved in politics.

36
Missouri Compromise-1820
  • Missouri Crisis of 1819-1821
  • Does slavery expand westward?
  • Had previously been decided regionally.
  • 1819 Missouri applies for statehood as a slave
    state.
  • Political issue Another slave state would give
    them the majority in the senate.
  • Southerners do not believe congress has the power
    to limit the expansion of slavery. A question of
    property is a state issue. First time southern
    congressman threaten secession.
  • Compromise
  • Main admitted as a free state in 1820 and
    Missouri as a slave state in 1821.
  • Set a line of boundary at the southern boundary
    of Missouri at the 36 30 line for slavery.

37
The Missouri Compromise
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