Imperialism in Asia

1
Imperialism in Asia

• China and Japan

2
Kieta says

• The Japanese willow bent with the winds of
  western imperialism and survived the Chinese oak
  stood fast against the winds from the west and
  fell.

3
Isms of China

• Buddhism, pg. 614-615
• Confucianism, , pg 624-625, Chart 626
• Taoism, Lao-tzu philosophy which emphasizes roles
  in society and honor.

4
Chinas Response to Pressure from the West
5
The Opium Wars 1839-1842(Map exercise)

• CAUSE Britain refused to stop their very
  profitable trade in opium with China.
• EFFECT Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing)
• Chinese are humiliated and defeated
• British get the port of Hong Kong
• Opium trade continues
• Extraterritorial rights for foreign citizens
• Growing Chinese resentment against the foreign
  barbarians

6
Extraterritorial Rights

• Foreigners are exempt from legal jurisdiction of
  a country
• British were free from following the laws of
  China within their spheres of influence.

7
Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864

• CAUSES
• Hunger starvation among the Chinese because of
  Chinas inability to feed its growing population
• Increasing opium addiction
• Growing poverty
• Christian missionaries message of a Heavenly
  Kingdom of Peace inspires Hong Xiuquan to lead
  a 14 year rebellion against the corrupt Qing
  Dynasty

8
Taiping Rebellion (cont.)

• EFFECTS
• Combined Br., Fr, Qing forces crush the peasant
  rebellion and the Qing dynasty is restored to
  power
• Fertile farmland is destroyed by the hungry
  armies
• At least 20 million (some estimate 40 million)
  die.

9
Self-strengthening Movement 1860s

• CAUSES
• Conservative Chinese cling to traditional ways
  and resist change starting at the top, but
  Dowager Empress Cixi sees the need to reform and
  modernizes education, diplomatic services and the
  military.

10
Self-strengthening Movement

• EFFECTS
• Produced warships ammunitions
• Boosted Chinese morale
• Created large military arsenals run by foreigners
  that led to a trade imbalance and a lack of
  quality control because foreigners did not like
  working with Chinese resources.

11
Open Door Policy 1899

• CAUSES
• China has a weak military, as well as economic
  and political problems.
• China is being divided up into more Western
  spheres of influence.
• U.S. fears that China would be divided into
  formal colonies and American traders would be
  shut out.

12
Open Door Policy 1899

• EFFECTS
• This policy would protect American trading rights
  in China.
• Keep China free from colonization
• But China was still at the mercy of economic
  imperialism by foreign powers.

13
1900 Boxer Rebellion

• CAUSES
• The young Emperors 100 Days of Reform fails
  when the Dowager Empress Cixi arrests him
  executes his leaders.
• The Chinese peoples long standing frustration
  with poor conditions the govt failure to
  reform increases.
• The Chinese are angered by the special
  privileges given to foreigners
• They resent Chinese Christians.

14
Boxer Rebellion (cont.)

• EFFECTS
• In spring , Society of Harmonious Fists aka
  Boxers surround the European section.
• In August they are defeated by 20,000
  multinational forces.
• A new sense of Chinese nationalism emerges.
• Qings court begins steps to reform-promises a
  full constitutional govt by 1917.

15
Why was China able to isolate itself from Western
influence until the 19th century?

• Discuss possible answers with a partner.

16
Japan Modernizes

• If you cant beat em, join em.

17
Isms of Japan

• Shintoism-oldest ism, but established as the
  state religion during the Meiji Restoration in
  1868.
• Mahayana Buddhism (The Wide Way),pg. 614
• Confucianism, with its impact on moral conduct
  social order.

18
Shintoisms Basic Beliefs

• The Creation Myth-the 3 kami (spirits)
• Worship of the kami 1) the clan ancestors,
  2)the power of nature or humanity, 3)souls of
  dead leaders
• Not a system of ethics or morals, places emphasis
  on ritual ceremony to express the joyful
  acceptance of nature.

19
Shintoism (cont.)

• The Four Affirmations
• Tradition Family is emphasized because
  traditions is passed from generation to
  generation.
• Love of Nature-because every object in nature is
  sacred since it embodies a spirit and a
  connection with the Gods.
• Physical cleanliness is an act of purification.
• Matsuri-festivals held in honor of the spirits.

20
1853 American Perry arrives

• American motive was to shock and frighten the
  Japanese into accepting trade with the United
  Statesbut Perry did come bearing gifts and with
  respect.
• Perry willing to come back in a year for their
  answer.

21
1854 The Treaty of Kanagawa

• The U.S. gained the right to set up an embassy
  and to trade at two Japanese ports.
• By 1860 Japan had given many foreigners
  permission to trade at treaty ports and granted
  extraterritorial rights.

22
1867 Meiji dynasty establishes a new govt

• Emperor Mutsuhito ends the Tokugawa shogunate
  military dictatorship and establishes a new
  govt.
• Adapts aspects of foreign culture that they
  admire, such as American education system and
  Germanys centralized govt military discipline
• Followed the Western path to industrialization
  developed modern industry(shipbuilding, weapons,
  banking) by utilizing the prestige of the Samurai
  families (Mitsubishi)

23
1885 Japan China pledge not to send armies to
Korea

• Both countries were interest in Korea as a
  trading partner and as a military outpost to
  protect their own security

24
1894 Sino-Japanese War

• Rebellion broke out against Koreas king who then
  asked Chinese govt. for military help.
• Chinese troops march into Korea.
• Japan protested Chinese violation of their mutual
  agreement of non-agression and then sends
  Japanese troops to fight the Chinese.

25
Sino Japanese War (cont.)

• The war led to the following consequences
• The destruction of the Chinese navy.
• The beginning of Japanese empire expansion.
• A change in the worlds balance of power
• Emergence of Russia Japan as major powers and
  enemies- in East Asia

26
1904 Russo-Japanese War

• CAUSE
• Russia refuses to stay out of Korea because
  Russia stills a warm water port for trade.
• Japan launches a surprise attack on the Russian
  navy anchored off the coast of Manchuria. Look at
  the map on pg. 374

27
Russo-Japanese War (cont.)

• Consequences
• Russian navy is defeated by Japan and destroyed.
• Japan occupies Korea and Manchuria then change
  its name to Manchukuo.
• Russia is forced to withdraw from Manchuria
  Korea (oops, still no warm water port)

28
1910 Japan annexes Korea

• Japanese rule of Korea is harsh, one of the most
  brutal in history.
• They establish a repressive govt that denies
  rights to Koreans but modernizes the country.
• Inspires a Korean nationalist movement.

29
And now

• The Japanese willow bent with the winds of
  western imperialism and survived the Chinese oak
  stood fast against the winds from the west and
  fell.

30
Why was Japan like a willow tree?

• Discuss with your partner.
• Then answer part B
• Why was the Meiji era in Japan viewed as a
  period of enlightenment rule?