WCDR Hyogo Framework for Action:

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WCDR Hyogo Framework for Action

• Calls upon member States with support of UN,
  Regional and Civil Society organisations to
  prioritise
• Incorporation of disaster risk reduction
  measures into post disaster recovery and
  rehabilitation processes,
• use opportunities during recovery phase to
  develop capacities that reduce disaster risk in
  the long run, including
• through sharing of expertise , knowledge and
  lessons learnt

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What recent recovery experiences are telling us

• UNDP disaster post disaster recovery experiences
  (Gujarat, Indonesia)
• Non integration of risk reduction in recovery,
  sometimes rebuilding risk
• Needs assessment not always demand driven, stake
  holder consultative processes weak
• Institutions set up to manage recovery- have not
  led to sustained national and local capacities
  for disaster deduction
• Opportunities for Transformative Recovery require
  upscaling of small innovative initiatives led by
  civil society organisations in the larger
  reconstruction plans, which do not always happen

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Rebuilding Risk/ Rerofitting the Reconstruction
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Gujarat Earthquake 2001 Rehabilitation the
tyranny of rush

• 1.5 billion USD programme, to be disbursed
  rapidly, political pressures to speed the
  benefits to affected householders
• Cash disbursement without hazard resistant
  technology dissemination
• Danger of rebuilding previous vulnerabilities
• Monitoring , feed back by Civil society networks
  (setus, funded by DFID, USAID, SDC and
  Netherlands brought about midterm corrections)

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Indonesia Resettlement plans new risks?

• Massive destruction of settlements, more than
  400,000 people displaced,
• Plans to relocate randomly dispersed IDP camps
  into 24 interim shelter camps,
• Site selection creating new risks as clearing
  hill rain forests
• Opportunity for zone planning on basis of
  environmental considerations, need to be driven
  by local participative processes
• Gujarat Civil society networks launched
  participative process of consulting villages and
  reversed GOG policy to relocate villages If
  Recovery plans for Shelter are to lead to
  community resilience needs time, process and
  participation

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Indonesia Damage and Needs Assessment
Methodology Formulating recovery programmes
based on consensus and stakeholder participation

• Assessment driven by the need to secure donor
  commitments
• Limited possibilities of community and local
  stake holders consultations
• Multiple agencies appealed for similar sectors
• Difficult to ensure that global technical skills
  of will come together seamlessly to serve Aceh
  Recovery (these were not part of the sectoral
  needs assessments)
• Highlights the need to establish predefined roles
  as per comparative advantages, through a shared,
  commonly owned needs assessment methodology

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Capacity for Managing Recovery

• UN system Inadequate resources for RECOVERY in
  UNCT
• absence of predictable surge as in UNDAC, as post
  disaster Recovery programmes swell 8/9 times
  normal developmental operations, BCPR UNDP
  supports co-ordination through Trac resources
  not a predictable UN/ International system
  mechanism
• National actors Create para-statal to manage
  huge Recovery programmes/ not sustained after
  life of project (MEERP,GSDMA, Office of National
  Reconstruction, Jamaica)
• Indonesia set reconstruction team in BAPPENAS,
  with 10 sectoral teams
• Linkages to decentralised BAPPEDAS, and district
  Administration complex , as all developmental
  resources have been delegated to District
  Administration
• Danger of turning into parallel government
  structures that overlap functions and mandates
  and bypass accountability and control mechanisms

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Resource vs. local absorptive capacity Indonesia
and Gujarat

• Indonesia Huge resource commitments for Flash
  Appeal, 350 millionn USD, in flash, 3 .9 billion
  reconstruction plan at CGI, many International
  NGO have upwards of few hundred million USD
• However absorptive capacity constraints local
  Govt, NGO, civil servants ,already weakened by
  conflict, decimated by Tsunami
• Possibilities to empower the people of Aceh, and
  Local govt. of Aceh Indonesia need a deep
  consultative process with local communities,
  upscale innovations initiated by civil society
  organisations
• Gujarat Earthquake Gap at sub-district level, in
  view of Huge magnitude of Funds to be channelised
  by Govt, WB, ADB at the Sub District level
• Need to strengthen Institutional Capacity at the
  cluster of 15 villages --Sub Center level, to
  absorb development funding, transparency of
  expenditures, grievance redressal, information
  sharing
• Setting up Setus- Bridges, SDC, USAID and DFID,
  later up scaled under WB funded Rehab Programmes

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Tsunami Early Warning vs Multi Hazard risk
reduction

• Indonesian plan is based on science
  seismographs to monitor earthquakes, buoys to
  monitor wave movements, satellite communications
  to trigger siren warning of Tsunami in remote
  communities Aim to reduce dependence on human
  communication chain by making technology
  communicate to people directly
• However established best practice reveals
  community based preparedness and awareness
  campaigns, local community based mechanisms to
  trigger response work robustly
• Gujarat Shift from less frequent earthquake to
  more probable Droughts, multi hazard assessment
  and risk management Planning
• Multi-Hazard prone-drought, cyclones
• Drought impoverished, cyclone devastated families
  do not have livelihood security to build
  earthquake houses
• Comprehensive development plan, ecological
  restoration, drought proofing, sustainable
  livelihoods

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Indonesia Tsunami opportunity for
transformative recovery

• Aceh has 20 year old separatist movement run by
  GAM, GOI has invested heavily in military
  security
• Destruction of Police stations, courts and death
  of police personnel Possibilities for reducing
  high cost military security and substituting
  community policing, rule of law institutions
  based on traditional courts
• Death of civil Servants recruitment for
  Acehenese, open transparent
• Capacity enhancement of Distt/ sub district
  offices by training, new civil service and
  providing technical support for damage
  assessments, infrastructure and settlement
  planning, risk reduction through mitigation
  measures in housing and spatial planning, early
  warning, and conflict sensitive development
  practices,
• Progress in Peace talks indicator of opportunity
  to rebuild with peace

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Key Challenges for International Community/ UN

• Strengthening international and national
  capacities to deliver recovery strategies and
  programmes informed of lessons learnt from the
  past
• Institutional arrangements to support local
  empowerment, strengthening local absorptive
  capacities
• Recovery tool kit commonly shared Needs
  Assessment methodology to derive transitional
  recovery needs, with associated risk mitigation
  components, with division of roles as per
  comparative advantages, and training in these
  tools
• Predictable partnershipsneed for pre-established
  partnerships across UN agencies, IFIs, key
  government line ministries

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Defining recovery

• International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
  (ISDR) definition decisions and actions taken
  after a disaster with a view to restoring or
  improving the pre-disaster living conditions of
  the stricken community, while encouraging and
  facilitating necessary adjustments to reduce
  disaster risk. Recovery from a disaster is thus
  primarily about
• Shifting focus from saving lives to restoring
  livelihoods
• Effectively preventing the recurrence of crisis
  situations
• Harnessing conditions for future development
• Building on national capacities
• Empowering communities
• Determining/addressing root causes and
  vulnerabilities

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Alternate Paths of Transition from Relief to
Development A Model
MDGs
Sustainable Development MDGs by 2015
Connection Recovery to SHD
Pre disaster HPI Aceh Post
Tsunami HPI Aceh
PRE- Disaster,HDI( poverty index)
Human Poverty Index Poverty as a proxy MDGs
Recovery Community, Govt ownership with
vulnerability reduction , conflict prevention,
builds Community resilience
Ideal Recovery
Continuum of Relief and Recovery
Uneven recovery( cotracter driven)
Unsustainable recovery(siesmically unsafe housing)
TIME
R (ideal) R (delayed) 2015
Humanitarian Response
Transition Recovery
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International Recovery Platform (IRP) proposed at
WCDR, Kobe

• The IRP to function as an international
  repository of knowledge and clearing-house
  mechanism for recovery that currently does not
  exist within the UN system.
• The IRP will promote a shared vision and common
  approach and strategies for its members

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IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES

• To provide a coordination framework and network
  for post-disaster recovery, in support of the
  Resident Coordinator system and disaster affected
  ,donors, IFIs and others
• To facilitate the dissemination of lessons
  learned and the development of common tools and
  mechanisms
• To provide advice on the formulation of
  post-disaster recovery planning and programming
  with risk reduction approach
• To strengthen national capacities for
  post-disaster recovery ensuring links with longer
  term development programming
• To facilitate South-South co-operation between
  disaster prone countries utilize the accumulated
  know-how of these countries in post-disaster
  recovery.

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Interlinked service lines of IRP
Recovery operations occur with lack of capacity
and knowledge tools in absence of a concerted
recovery platform
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1- Advocacy and Knowledge Management

• Recovery needs assessment and planning tools
• The systematization of recovery experiences
• Information Management tools
• Programming tools

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2)Capacity Building

• Activities to build the capacities for
  post-disaster recovery with an emphasis on human
  resource development within UN Country Teams, as
  well as national and international counterparts.
• Key human resources trained in post-disaster
  recovery concepts and skills.
• Global network of experts and global databases
  for recovery experts established.
• Training curricula, manuals and modules produced.

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3) Enhanced Recovery Operations

• Provision of common tools and mechanisms for
  operational activities in recovery
• South-South cooperation amongst disaster prone
  countries that have world-class capacities in
  this area
• Enhanced capacity of UN Country teams and
  national and local authorities able to develop
  recovery plans that incorporate risk reduction
  and response preparedness elements
• Technical surge capacity support services
  available to UN Country teams and national and
  local authorities, to provide technical
  assistance to post-disaster recovery operations.
• Advisory services to UN Country teams and
  national and local authorities to develop
  resource mobilisation strategies, consistent with
  requirements of IFIs including regional banks.