What is Health

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What is Health Technology?
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What is Health Technology

• Health is all about feeling good.
• There are 3 sides to health. This is called the
  HEALTH TRIANGLE.
• Social

Mental
Physical
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The Health Triangle

• All 3 sides of this triangle must be IN PLACE
  for you to be HEALTH.
• That is you must have GOOD SOCIAL HEALTH, GOOD
  MENTAL HEALTH and GOOD PHYSICAL HEALTH.
• MENTAL HEALTH describes how you feel in your
  head/mind.

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The Health Triangle cont

• Social health describes how you
  interact/communicate with people.
• Physical Health describes anything you do with
  your body. Any activity you carry out using the
  parts of your body.
• If any 1 of these sides is removed, the triangle
  would collapse.

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Social Mental Physical


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Which Side????

• Communicating Well
• Coping with stress
• Taking exercise
• Eating well
• Being happy
• Achieving your full potential

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Measurement low tech high
tech Heart beat stethoscope
heart monitor Pulse rate stopwatch
pulsometer Blood pressure sphygmomanomete
r digital blood pressure
meter Breathing rate observation
spirometer Body fat skin callipers
tracer analysis Temperature
thermometer digital
thermometer Muscle strength dynamometer dynamic
sensor Breath alcohol breathalyser digital
Alco meter
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Advantages Disadvantages of High Tech

• Advantages
• Very Accurate
• Quick
• Disadvantages
• Expensive
• Harder to use maintain

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Advantages Disadvantages of Low Tech

• Advantages
• Cheap
• Easy to use maintain
• Disadvantages
• Not very accurate
• Slower

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Healthy Lungs
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Our lungs are found inside our rib cage on either
side of the heart. They are spongy and pink in
colour and are made up of millions of air sacs.
The lungs take oxygen into the blood and remove
carbon dioxide from the blood. This is called gas
exchange and happens at the air sacs.
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A rings of cartilage
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A rings of cartilage
B windpipe
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A rings of cartilage
B trachea
C bronchus
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A rings of cartilage
B trachea
C bronchus
D air sacs
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A rings of cartilage
B trachea
C bronchus
D alveolus
E rib muscles
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A rings of cartilage
B trachea
C bronchus
D alveolus
E intercostal muscles
F diaphragm
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A
B
C
D
E
F
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During inhalation, we breathe in . The muscles of
the diaphragm and ribs contract During
exhalation , we breathe out. The muscles of the
diaphragm and ribs relax
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Breathing rate Our breathing rate is the number
of breaths you take in one minute. Breathing
rate will alter according to your size,sex age
fitness or activity. 1.Vital Capacity This is the
maximum volume of air you can breathe out after a
deep breath. 2.Tidal Volume This is the normal
volume of air in one breath. Both, allow us the
measure the health of the lungs
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• 3. Peak Flow
• This is measuring the maximum rate ( speed) at
  which air can be breathed out.
• Peak flow can be used to diagnose asthma.
• Exercise improves the efficiency of the lungs
• Activity 1 - Measuring Breathing Rate
• Collect a stopclock and work with a partner
• Time the number of breaths you take in one
  minute.(a breath in and out counts as 1 breath )
• Record this result.

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Cigarettes contain many harmful substances. The
most harmful are tar,carbon monoxide and
nicotine Carbon monoxide is a posionous gas
found in cigarette smoke. It can be absorbed by
your red blood cells , instead of oxygen. This
starves your body of oxygen . Tar collects in
the lungs and causes lung cancer. Nicotine is
addictive like a drug making it very difficult
for smokers to stop.
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Alcohol is made by the action of yeast on sugar
solution. Different alcoholic drinks have a
different percentage of alcohol.
Drink of alcohol
Beer 4
cider 5
wine 11
whisky 40
brandy 40
rum 40
port 19
sherry 17
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• The effects of alcohol long term are harmful.
• Alcohol is a depressant drug and even in small
  amounts can slow down the brain.
• Alcohol causes
• Slow reactions
• blurred vision
• Impaired judgement
• Lack of co-ordination
• Long term effects can be brain damage,strokes and
  liver disease.

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1 unit of alcohol is equal to 15 mg./100ml. of
blood The following measures contain 1 unit of
alcohol Glass of wine ½ pint of beer ¼ gill of
whiskey or any other spirit Glass of sherry or
port It takes the liver an hour per unit drunk
to breakdown the alcohol in the blood.
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The heart and circulatory system

• The heart is made of muscle and its job is to
  pump blood around the body. The heart muscle
  contracts constantly to make sure every part of
  the body receives food,oxygen and heat.
• The heart is found between the lungs and is
  slightly left of the centre of your body. The
  heart and lungs are both protected by the rib
  cage.

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The heart and circulatory system

• Blood is transported around the body through
  blood vessels. There are valves in your heart
  which make sure that the blood always flows in
  the right direction through the blood vessels.
  Your circulatory system is a one-way system!
• The closing and opening of these valves can be
  heard as heart beats.

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Blood to the Lungs
Blood to the body
Blood from the body
Blood from them lungs
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Valves
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Thick Muscular Wall
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Blood vessels

• There are three types of blood vessels
• Arteries Capillaries Veins
• Arteries carry blood Away from the heart. They
  start at the heart as very large vessels but
  divide many times until they become tiny vessels
  called capillaries which can be found in your
  body tissues.
• Capillaries allow food and oxygen to move from
  your blood into your body tissue and pick up
  waste such as carbon dioxide.

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• Capillaries then join up to form large vessels
  called veins which take blood back into the
  heart.
• Copy and complete the flow chart by writing in
  the three types of blood vessel

To heart
From heart
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Pulse

• When the heart beats the arteries swell a little.
  This can be felt by placing the fingertips on any
  artery near the skin.
• The average pulse rate is 66 beats per min but
  can range from 60-80 beats per min.
• Pulse rate depends on size, age, and fitness of a
  person.
• A high resting pulse rate can lead to heart
  disease. A low resting pulse can indicate
  fitness.
• Pulse can be measured using fingers and stopclock
  or a pulsometer.

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Recovery time

• Fit people usually have low resting pulse rates
  and short recovery times.
• Their hearts and lungs are so efficient that
  their pulse returns to normal rate very quickly
  after exercise.
• Pulse rate and recovery time can be reduced by
  getting fitter.

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Diet
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A healthy diet consists of a balance of energy
giving foods and those that the body needs for
growth and repair. Energy Foods 1.Carbohydrates
theses foods are starchy or sweet . eg. Cereal,
bread, cake. 2. Fats these foods are oily or
fatty. eg. Chips, butter, bacon.
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A healthy diet consists of a balance of energy
giving foods and those that the body needs for
growth and repair. Energy Foods 1.Carbohydrates
theses foods are starchy or sweet . eg. Cereal,
bread, cake. 2. Fats these foods are oily or
fatty. eg. Chips, butter, bacon.
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Foods needed for growth and repair are 3.
Proteins good sources are fish, meat and
nuts. 4. Vitamins and Minerals these are found
mainly in fruit and vegetables. Diet or eating
habits is one factor that determines a persons
weight. People who are overweight or obese are
likely to suffer heart disease or diabetes.
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160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Very obese
Mass (kg)

obese
overweight
ideal
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Height in (m)
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Activity Measuring Height and Weight Measure
your height using the height chart on the
wall. Weigh your self on the bathroom
scales. With a pencil , draw a straight line
across your chart with a ruler at your
weight. Now draw a straight line up at your
height. Where the 2 lines meet will indicate your
weight type.
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Daily Balance
Milk/dairy
Fruit / vegetables
Fat/sugar
Meat/fish
Bread / cereal
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• Use the pie chart and graph to answer the
  following questions
• Which food group gives you the most energy
• Why do you need a large amount of fruit and
  vegetable
• each day ?
• 3. Meat and fish are made of what kind of food ?
• 4. John is 1.70 m tall and weighs 85 kg. Use the
  graph and comment on Johns weight.
• 5. Would you need any other information before
  you recommend
• John lose weight ?

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Energy requirements

• The total amount of energy required per day
  depends on several factors such as the persons
• Age adults and growing teenagers need more
  energy than young children
• Sex men normally need more energy than women
• Size people with a bigger body frame need more
  energy than those with a smaller build
• Occupation people with active jobs require more
  energy
• Lifestyle some sports and activities use up more
  energy than others.

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Person Daily energy requirement (kJ)
2 year-old child 5000
6 year-old child 6500
12-15 year-old girl 9600
12-15 year old boy 11700
Woman (light work) 9500
Woman (pregnant) 10000
Woman (heavy work 12500
Man (light work) 11500
Man (moderate work) 13000
Man (very heavy work) 15500
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The importance of energy balance

• If the energy taken in by a person equals the
  energy the use up, they are energy balanced and
  will not lose or gain weight.
• If more energy is taken in than used up, a person
  will gain weight.
• If less energy is taken in than used up, a person
  will lose weight.

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Leisure activity Approximate energy used per hour (kJ)
Watching TV 400
Walking 1000
Swimming 1500
Tennis 1700
Football 2150
Running 2500
Boxing 3200
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Body fat

• The human body needs fat for a variety of
  reasons
• Acts as an energy store
• Used under the skin to insulate the body by
  reducing heat loss
• Fat pads in hands and feet absorb shock
• Required to make nerve cells work

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Measuring body fat

• The body of a healthy adult female should contain
  20-25 fat and a male should have 15-20.
• Body fat can be measured using a skin fold
  calliper (low tech) or a fat sensor (high tech).

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Using a skin fold calliper

• Measurements taken in four key positions on
  right-hand side of body.
• A fold of skin is taken between thumb and index
  finger and calliper is applied to the fold.
• Add the four average results together then refer
  to fat content table provided by your teacher.

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1 2 3
Back of arm
Front of arm
Waist
Below shoulder blade
Total
Percentage
Average
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Body temperature
Our body must be kept at a constant temperature
between 36 and 37.3C in order to work
efficiently. Body temperature can alter slightly
depending on where it is measured, the time of
day and in women, the time of month (menstrual
cycle).  The brain acts as a thermostat to
maintain a constant body temperature.
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• A body temperature above 40C can lead to
  heatstroke or indicate fever as a result of
  fighting infection.
• A body temperature below 35C indicates
  hypothermia. If the temperature of the body falls
  below 30C, death can result. Babies and the
  elderly are particularly at risk.

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• We can measure body temperature using
• a clinical thermometer
• a liquid crystal thermometer
• a digital clinical thermometer

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Measuring Body Temperature
Temp. (ºC) Temp. (ºC)
Clinical thermometer
Liquid crystal thermometer
Digital thermometer
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1. Which thermometer do you think gives the most
reliable reading of your body
temperature?     2. Which thermometer is the
easiest to use?
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Exercise and healthy muscles

• Most of the energy obtained by food is to help us
  move.
• All movement is brought about by the action of
  muscles.
• When muscles contract they become shorter and
  fatter and the parts of the body they are
  attached to move.
• After contraction, muscles relax and return to
  their original shape.

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• Muscles must work in pairs and the diagram below
  shows the pair of muscles in the upper arm.

Bicep contracts to bend the arm
Tricep contracts to straighten the arm
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• Muscles need to be exercised regularly to
  maintain their size and strength.
• Regular workouts make muscles develop a better
  blood supply , grow bigger and increase in
  strength.
• If muscles are not exercised regularly, they
  decrease in size and strength.

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Measuring muscle strength

• Hand grip strength is measured in newtons using a
  dynamometer.

1st dynamomter reading 2nd dynamometer reading Average
Right hand
Left hand

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Muscle fatigue

• This investigation will test your muscle
  endurance!

Trial 1 No.of elbow bends
1st min
2nd min
3rd min
Trial 2 No. of elbow bends
1st min
2nd min
3rd min
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Instructions

• Stretch right arm straight out to the side
• Bend arm at elbow until hand touches shoulder and
  fully straighten again
• Record no. of bends you can manage in one min
• Repeat twice
• Rest for five minutes
• Repeat whole exercise

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Reaction Time

• In many sports it is important to react quickly
  to a certain signal.
• The time taken to respond to a stimulus is called
  reaction time.
• Reaction time can be affected by drugs, alcohol
  or excitement.
• It can be a useful indicator of a persons
  health.

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• A long reaction time can indicate that the person
  is suffering from
• Diabetes
• Brain disorder
• Nerve disorder
• Arterial disease
• Reaction time can be measured using a dropped
  metre stick or an electronic timer.

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Measuring reaction time

• 1. Hold metre stick above your partners hand.
• 2. Drop the stick unexpectedly. Your partner must
  grab it as quickly as they can.
• 3. Read the length on the ruler that has fallen
  through their hand.
• 4. Look up the reaction time table and record the
  time in seconds.

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Reaction time 1 (secs) Reaction time 2 (secs) Reaction time 3 (secs) Average
Right hand
Left hand
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Alcohol

• Alcohol is a colourless liquid formed by the
  action of yeast on sugar solutions.
• Different alcoholic drinks have different volumes
  of alcohol in them and this is given as a
  percentage.
• The higher the percentage of alcohol content,the
  stronger the alcoholic drink.

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• Alcohol is taken into the blood from the stomach.
  
• When it reaches the brain it causes changes in
  brain activity.
• The liver slowly breaks down alcohol present in
  the blood into harmless substances.
• Alcohol in the blood can be measured using an
  alcometer (high tech) or a breathalyser (low tech)

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• Short term effects of alcohol include
• Slower reaction time
• Poor muscle control
• Poor judgement
• Long term effects include
• Liver damage
• Brain damage