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DEVELOPMENT OF PERSPECTIVE RESEARCHES OF
OBTAINING TECHNOLOGY OF LIGHT AND HEAT-RESISTING
ALLOYS, THEIR APPLICATIONS AS COATINGS AND
UTILIZATION OF THEIR INDASTRIAL WASTES
Krasikov S.A., Doct. Sci. (Eng.), Gelchinski
B.R., Doct. Sci. (Ph.-Mat.), Prof.
Institute of Metallurgy of Ural Branch of the
Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg,
Russia, sankr_at_mail.ru
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On the example of researches at the Institute of
metallurgy of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences it is considered prospects of
development of metallothermal technology
obtaining of light heat-resisting alloys on
aluminum - the nickel intermetallic basis,
alloyed by refractory rare metals, and also to
use of these alloys as coatings and utilization
of their industrial wastes, in cooperation with
the international scientific community.
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In the last decade in technologies of aircraft
and space equipment development of processing
light heat-resisting alloys on the refractory
aluminum-titan-nickel intermetallic basis which
have to compete on chemical and physic-mechanical
properties with heavier Ni-superalloys is very
demanded. The profile international conferences
testifies that works on rational ways of
obtaining such alloys, their use as coatings and
utilization of their waste are carried out both
in Russia and to others industrial countries
(Germany, USA, Japan, China, Belarus).
Traditional ways of obtaining multicomponent heat
- resisting alloys on a nickel basis provide
briquetting of mechanical mixes of pure metals
powders and further remelting of briquettes in
vacuum or the inert atmosphere. Naturally, use of
pure non-ferrous and rare metals assumes
application of difficult multistage technologies
for their production and leads to increase in
cost of final materials. The preliminary variant
of obtaining a semi-product of multicomponent
alloys by joint metallothermal reduction of
metals from their oxides in controlled
temperature conditions can be more perspective
and cheaper.
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 Development of an offered way was approved on
the obtaining the two-component Al-alloys
(50-60) Ti and Al-(50-60) Zr
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b
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Fig. 1. Type of ingots of an alloy of Ti-Al and
slag after melting in the resistance furnace (a)
and the two-electrode arc electric furnace (b)
Similar examples of obtaining are available also
on Zr-Al alloy
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Fig. 2. Products of zirconium dioxide reduction
by aluminum after melting in the resistance
furnace (a) and in the induction furnace GM 16
440 of 15 kW (b)
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Patent of the Russian Federation N 2485194
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The regularities of obtaining two-component
alloys were used at obtaining an alloy of
(36-54) Al-(16-22) Ti-(26-39) Ni by joint
aluminotermic reduction of titanium and nickel
oxides. Rather low (less than 0.1) the content
of oxygen and nitrogen is recorded In
three-component alloys that can testify to
insignificant presence at metal of nonmetallic
oxide and nitride inclusions. Extraction in an
alloy of Ni and Ti was, respectively, 93-99 and
80-90.
Fig. 3. Slag and ingot of an alloy of Al-Ti-Ni
after aluminotermic melting
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Rather uniform layer of coverings of Ti-Al-Ni of
50-100 microns thick on all area of steel sheets
is obtained. Researches of microhardness of
coatings showed that their values were 700-1000
HV that in 5-7 times exceeded the microhardness
of the main material of a steel basis. Tests of
corrosion resistance of coatings samples in the
camera of a salt fog showed their resistance to
destruction within more than 2000 hours.
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Fig. 4. Samples with Ti-Al-Ni covering on a steel
substrate after a plasma spraying
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Now the main direction of researches and
technological developments on obtaining pure
non-ferrous and rare metals and their compounds
is connected with their extraction from raw
materials. As a rule it is rather expensive
multistage technologies being accompanied
emissions of harmful substances in environment.
When processing metal wastes (for example,
rhenium-containing alloys on the nickel basis
used for production of turbine shovels of
aircraft engines), differing high durability, the
developments connected with dissolution of these
materials by a method of electrolysis in
solutions of acids is known.
At the Institute of Metallurgy of UB RAS versions
of anode dissolution of wastes of a
heat-resisting alloy on the nickel basis,
containing Cr, Co, Mo, W, Al, Ta, Nb, Re in
solutions of nitric and sulfuric acids were
approved. By results of experiences distribution
of valuable elements between the main products of
process solution and slime was revealed. The
executed research can form a scientific basis for
development of perspective technology of
processing of metal wastes of the heat-resisting
alloys, allowing to extract valuable rare metals
and to obtain the rhenium product suitable for
production of catalysts.
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CONCLUSION Development and increase of the
efficiency of researches executed at the
Institute of Metallurgy of UB RAS on creation of
scientific and technological bases of obtaining
the light and heat-resisting alloys on aluminum -
nickel intermetallic basis, alloyed by refractory
rare metals, and also use of these alloys in
technology of the coatings put by a plasma method
and processing of industrial wastes of rare
metals alloys can be undoubtedly realized more
effectively within the international scientific
cooperation.   The work was performed with
financial support of the RFFI on the project
13-08-12111 ofi_m    
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