World War I

1
World War I
2
Objectives

• Content Differentiate between the long term and
  immediate causes of World War I.
• Learning List the 4 MAIN causes of World War I.

3
Underlying Causes of WWI

• There were 4 MAIN causes of WWI.
• Militarism
• Alliances
• Imperialism
• Nationalism

4
Militarism

• What is it?
• Building up armed forces to get ready for war
• Why did it happen?
• Need for security leads to an arms race.

5
Alliances

• What is it?
• Agreements or promises to defend and help another
  country
• Why did it happen?
• Concern about possible war.

6
(No Transcript)
7
The Alliances

• Allied Powers

• Central Powers

• France
• United States
• Russia
• Belgium
• British Empire
• Serbia

• Bulgaria
• Austro-Hungarian Empire
• German Empire
• Ottoman Empire

8
Trick to Remember Alliances in WWI

• FURBBS BAG of Os
• FURBBS Allies
• BAG of Os Central Powers

9
Imperialism

• What is it?
• Trying to build up an empire by physically and
  economically controlling other countries
• Why did it happen?
• Believed stronger countries own more land.

10
(No Transcript)
11
Nationalism

• What is it?
• Having pride in your country and being willing to
  defend it
• Why did it happen?
• People all thought their country was the best and
  wanted to prove it!

12
Immediate Cause of World War I (WWI)

• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• Austria-Hungary controlled Serbia.
• Serbia wanted independence.

13
Immediate Cause of World War I (WWI)

• Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria-
  Hungary
• He was assassinated in June 1914 by a Serbian
  nationalist while on an official visit to Bosnia.

14
(No Transcript)
15
Warm Up

• Read through Document A Woodrow Wilsons Speech
  1.
• Answer Question 1 on Guiding Questions.

16
Objectives

• Content Create a WWI propaganda poster.
• Learning Explain 4 reasons the United States
  entered WWI.

17
U.S. Expansionism

• Spanish American War ended the U.S. policy of
  Isolationism (1898)
• Result of Spanish American War the U.S. emerges
  as a world power

18
U.S. Expansionism

• WWI ended the U.S. policy of avoiding European
  conflicts (1914-1918)
• WWI the U.S. emerges as a global superpower

19
American Neutrality Is Over

• Up to 1917, the US opposed war. Woodrow Wilson
  was re-elected as President with the slogan
• He kept us out of war!
• But that was all about to change!

20
Reasons for Americas Involvement in WWI

• 4 REASONS
• US inability to remain neutral
• United States economic and political ties to
  Great Britain

21
Reasons for Americas Involvement in WWI

• 3. German submarine warfare In 1915 they sank
  the Lusitania (1000 people died, 128 were
  Americans)
• 4. The Zimmerman Telegram

22
Zimmerman Telegram

• The Zimmerman Telegram was a secret message
  from Germany to Mexico that the British
  intercepted (January 1917).
• The message said that if Mexico helped Germany
  invade and defeat the US, than Germany would help
  them get back all the land they lost in the
  Mexican American War (1848)
• Americans were angry and wanted to go to war.

23
U.S. Entry into WWI

• Read Document B Woodrow Wilsons Speech 2.
• Answer remaining Guiding Questions.

24
America Enters the War

• April 6, 1917- President Wilson and Congress
  declare war!
• More than 2 million
• Americans entered the
• military to fight in
• WWI.
• http//www.firstworldwar.com/audio/overthere.htm

25
Homefront

• Civilians at home made sacrifices to help with
  the war effort
• War Gardens personal fruit and vegetable
  gardens so that more food could be sent to the
  troops

26
Homefront

• Bonds loaning the government money to help pay
  for the war.
• Rationing using less of what you want so that
  more materials can be used for the war or sent to
  the troops.
• Propaganda helped encourage support for war
  effort.

27
Propaganda
28
Homefront continued

• Women work in jobs traditionally held by men
  leads to changing a role
• Pushes women to get the right to vote
• Most countries grant right to vote before WWI is
  over.
• When does the U.S. grant the right to vote?

29
(No Transcript)
30
Objectives

• Content Defend why Wilsons 14 Points were a
  good solution to WWI.
• Learning Describe the changes in warfare during
  WWI.

31
WWI Details

• 1914-1918
• Actual fighting began in August when Germany
  invaded Belgium (a neutral country)
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animation
  s/western_front/index_embed.shtml

32

• Four main fighting fronts
• Western (Britain, France, and Germany)
• Eastern (Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia)
• Balkan (Serbia, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria)
• Italian (Italy and Austria-Hungary)

33
New Weapons of WWI

• Improved cannons and improved guns (machine guns)
• New inventions and destructive weapons
• German U-boats (submarines)
• Tank
• Poison Gas
• Combat airplanes (end of war)

34
Machine Guns
35
WWI Gas Masks
36
WWI Tanks
37
WWI Planes
38
German U-boats
"unterseeboot", or undersea boat in English
39
Trench Warfare

• WWI introduces Trench Warfare because of new
  weapons

40
(No Transcript)
41
The Allies Were Struggling

• Russian troops were not able to get the supplies
  they needed.
• Many were trying to fight with NO bullets.
• In 1917, the Russian people overthrew their
  government with the Russian Revolution. It
  caused Russia to leave the war.
• Now all of Germanys attention was on the Western
  Front.

42
The U.S. Enters the War

• Allied forces desperately needed the help, they
  were drained and starving.
• The Allies with U.S. help didnt just stop the
  German advance, but pushed them back to Germany.

43
The End of WWI

• November 11, 1918, Germanys government is
  overthrown and the new leaders quickly agree to
  an armistice (an agreement to end the fighting)
• http//www.realmilitaryvideos.com/wwi/newsreel-end
  -of-wwi-in-san-francisco/

44
After the Armistice

• More than 9 Million soldiers lost their lives
• Wilsons peace proposal was called Fourteen
  Points
• New boundaries and nations in Europe
• Stopping what caused the war
• No secret treaties
• No building up of militaries

45
Wilsons 14 Points Continued

• Free trade, freedom of the seas
• League of Nations
• Peacekeeping organization where countries discuss
  their problems to find a solution instead of
  fighting a war.

46
Problems with Wilsons Plan

• Others thought the peace terms were too easy on
  the losing nations.
• Britain and France faced the most losses and
  wanted revenge, so they went with a different
  plan for ending WWI called the Treaty of
  Versailles.

47
Treaty of Versailles

• The Treaty of Versailles brought an end to the
  war between Germany and the Allied Powers. The
  other countries in the Central Powers were dealt
  with in separate treaties.
• The Treaty was signed in June 1919.

48
What did it mean for Germany?

• The Treaty of Versailles
• Forced Germany to accept full blame for the war
• Took away Germanys colonies and armed forces
• Forced Germany to pay 33 billion in war
  reparations

49
What did it mean for the world?

• The Treaty of Versailles
• Also divided up the empires of Austria-Hungary,
  Russia, and the Ottoman Empire.
• Established the League of Nations

50
But not so fast.

• The United States never ratified (approved) the
  treaty or joined the League of Nations.
• Many members of Congress did not want the US to
  join the League of Nations because they did not
  want more foreign commitments.

51
Did the Treaty of Versailles Work?

• The Treaty failed to make Europe safe for
  democracy
• Germany resented the treaty
• It helped plant the seeds for WWII