Chapter 14 Information System Development

1
Chapter 14Information System Development
2
Chapter 14 Objectives
Explain the phases in the system development life
cycle
Describe how structured tools such as
entity-relationship diagrams and dataflow
diagrams are used in analysis and design
Identify the guidelines for system development
Recognize the responsibilities of various IT
professionals
Differentiate between packaged software and
custom software
Discuss the importance of project management,
feasibility assessment, data and information
gathering techniques, and documentation
Identify program development as part of the
system development life cycle
Discuss techniques used to convert to a new system
Understand how IT professionals support an
information system
p.14.2
3
What is the System Development Life Cycle?

• What is an information system (IS)?

• Set of hardware, software, data, people, and
  procedures that work together to produce
  information

p.14.2
4
What is the System Development Life Cycle?

• What is the system development life cycle (SDLC)?

p.14. 2 Fig. 14-1
5
What is the System Development Life Cycle?

• What are guidelines for system development?

• Divide activities or tasks into phases
• Involve users
• Develop standards
• Sets of rules and procedures company expects
  employees to accept and follow

p.14..3
6
What is the System Development Life Cycle?

• Who participates in the system development life
  cycle?

systems analyst
p.14. 4 Fig. 14-2
7
What is the System Development Life Cycle?

• What is a systems analyst?

• Responsible for designing and developing
  information system
• Liaison between users and IT professionals
• Converts user requests into technical
  specifications

p.14.5
8
What is the System Development Life Cycle?

• What is the project team?

• Formed to work on project from beginning to end
• Consists of users, systems analyst, and other IT
  professionals

p.14.5
9
What is the System Development Life Cycle?

• What is project management?

• Process of planning, scheduling, and then
  controlling activities during SDLC

p.14.5
10
What is the System Development Life Cycle?

• What is a Gantt chart?

• Popular tool used to plan and schedule time
  relationships among project activities

p.14.5 Fig. 14-3
11
What is the System Development Life Cycle?

• What is feasibility?

• Measure of how suitable system development will
  be to company

p.14.6
12
What is the System Development Life Cycle?

• What are six data and information gathering
  techniques?

• Review documentation
• Observe
• Questionnaire
• One-on-one interview
• Joint (JAD) interview session
• Research

p.14.7
13
What Initiates the System Development Life Cycle?

• What are some reasons to create or modify an
  information system?

p.14.10
14
What Initiates the System Development Life Cycle?

• What is a request for system services?

• Users write formal request for new or modified
  information system
• Also called project request

p.14.10 Fig. 14-7b
15
Planning Phase

• What is the planning phase?

• Begins when steering committee receives project
  request
• Function of committee
• Review and approve project
• Prioritize requests
• Allocate resources
• Form projectdevelopment team

p.14.12
16
Analysis Phase

• What is the analysis phase?

• Consists of two major tasks

p.14.13
17
Analysis Phase

• What is structured analysis and design?

• Technique that attempts to address problem by
  using graphics and other tools
• Used to document findings in way everyone can
  understand

p.14.15
18
Analysis Phase

• What is an entity-relationship diagram (ERD)?

• Tool that graphically showsconnections
  between entities insystem

Click to view Web Link then click
Entity-Relationship Diagrams
p.14.16 Fig. 14-10
19
Analysis Phase

• What is a data flow diagram (DFD)?

• Tool that graphically shows flow of data in system

Click to view Web Link then click Data Flow
Diagrams
p.14.17 Fig. 14-11
20
Analysis Phase

• What is a project dictionary?

• Documentation and deliverables of project
• Helps keep track of huge amount of details in
  system

Click to view Web Link then click Project
Dictionary
p.14.17
21
Analysis Phase

• What is structured English?

• Used to explain details of process in project
  dictionary

p.14.18 Fig. 14-12
22
Analysis Phase

• What is a decision table?

• Lists variety of conditions and actions that
  correspond to each condition

p.14.18 Fig. 14-13
23
Analysis Phase

• What is a decision tree?

• Diagram that shows conditions and actions
  graphically

p.14.18 Fig. 14-14
24
Analysis Phase

• What is a data dictionary?

• Stores name, description, and other details about
  each data item

p.14.19 Fig. 14-15
25
Analysis Phase

• What is the system proposal?

• Assesses feasibility of each alternative solution
• At conclusion of analysis phase, system proposal
  presented to steering committee for approval

p.14.19
26
Design Phase

• What is the design phase?

• Consists of two major activities
• Acquire hardware and software
• Develop all details of new or modified
  information system

p.14.21
27
Design Phase

• What is needed to acquire new hardware and
  software?

• Identify all hardware and software requirements
  of new or modified system

Click to view video
p.14.21
28
Design Phase

• What are three basic documents used to summarize
  technical specifications?

Click to view Web Link then click Request for
Proposal
p.14.22
29
Design Phase

• What is a turnkey solution?

• Complete system provided by value-added reseller

p.14.24 Fig. 14-19
30
Design Phase

• What is detailed design?

• Develop detailed design specifications for
  components in proposed solution
• Sometimescalled physical design

p.14.26
31
Design Phase

• What is a system flowchart?

• Documents relationships among programs in process
• Shows how other elements of system interact with
  major process

p.14.28 Fig. 14-24
32
Design Phase

• What is a prototype?

• Working model of proposed system

p.14.28
33
Design Phase

• What is computer-aided software
  engineering(CASE)?

• Software tools designed to support one or more
  SDLC activities

Click to view Web Link then click CASE Products
p.14.29
34
Design Phase

• What is a structured walkthrough?

• Step-by-step review by project team and users of
  any SDLC deliverable
• Used to review detailed design specifications
  before they are given to programming team

p.14.30
35
Implementation Phase

• What is the implementation phase?

• Purpose is to construct, or build, new or
  modified system and then deliver it to users

p.14.30
36
Implementation Phase

• What is the program development life cycle (PDLC)?

• Programmers write programs as per specifications
• They follow an organized set of activities known
  as PDLC

p.14.30
37
Implementation Phase

• What are the three types of tests performed by
  system developers?

p.14.30
38
Implementation Phase

• What is training?

• Showing users exactly how they will use new
  hardware and software in system

p.14.31 Fig. 14-26
39
Implementation Phase

• What are conversion strategies?

• Used to change from old system to new system

p.14.31 Fig. 14-27
40
Support Phase

• What is the support phase?

• Provides ongoing assistance after system is
  implemented

p.14.32
41
Summary of Information System Development

• What is the system development life cycle?
• What initiates the system development life cycle?
• Planning phase
• Analysis phase
• Design phase
• Implementation phase
• Support phase

Chapter 14 Complete