Figure 4.1B

1
Figure 4.1B
10 m
Human height
1 m
Length ofsome nerveand musclecells
100 mm
(10 cm)
Unaided eye
Chickenegg
10 mm
(1 cm)
Frog egg
1 mm
Paramecium
Human egg
100 ?m
Most plant andanimal cells
Light microscope
10 ?m
Nucleus
Most bacteria
Mitochondrion
1 ?m
Electron microscope
Smallest bacteria
100 nm
Viruses
Ribosome
10 nm
Proteins
Lipids
1 nm
Small molecules
Atoms
0.1 nm
2
Figure 4.3
Fimbriae
Ribosomes
Nucleoid
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Bacterialchromosome
Capsule
A TEM of the bacteriumBacillus coagulans
Flagella
A typical rod-shapedbacterium
3
Figure 4.4A
Roughendoplasmicreticulum
NUCLEUS
Smoothendoplasmicreticulum
Nuclearenvelope
Chromatin
Nucleolus
NOT IN MOSTPLANT CELLS
Centriole
Lysosome
Peroxisome
Ribosomes
Golgiapparatus
CYTOSKELETON
Mitochondrion
Microtubule
Intermediatefilament
Plasma membrane
Microfilament
4
Figure 4.4B
Roughendoplasmicreticulum
NUCLEUS
Nuclear envelope
Chromatin
Ribosomes
Nucleolus
Smoothendoplasmicreticulum
Golgiapparatus
NOT IN ANIMAL CELLS
CYTOSKELETON
Microtubule
Central vacuole
Intermediatefilament
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Microfilament
Plasmodesma
Mitochondrion
Peroxisome
Plasma membrane
Cell wall ofadjacent cell
5
Figure 4.2B
Cell membranes are made of a lipid bilayer
barrier and membrane proteins that provide
transport, binding and enzymatic functions.
6
Table 4.22
7
Figure 4.5
Eukaryotic cells have internal membrane bound
compartments called organelles
Nucleus
Two membranesof nuclear envelope
Chromatin
Nucleolus
Pore
Endoplasmicreticulum
Ribosomes
8
Figure 4.8A
Nuclearenvelope
Ribosomes
Smooth ER
Rough ER
9
Figure 4.6
Ribosomes
ER
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmicreticulum (ER)
Free ribosomes
Boundribosomes
Colorized TEM showingER and ribosomes
mRNA
Diagram ofa ribosome
Protein
10
Figure 4.9
Receiving sideof Golgiapparatus
Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
Transportvesiclefrom ER
1
Transportvesicle fromthe Golgi
2
3
4
Shipping side of Golgiapparatus
4
11
Figure 4.12
Nucleus
Nuclearmembrane
Rough ER
Transportvesicle fromGolgi to plasmamembrane
SmoothER
Transportvesicle from ERto Golgi
Lysosome
Vacuole
Plasmamembrane
Golgiapparatus
12
Figure 4.8B
Protein synthesis and distribution
13
Figure 4.10A_s4
Endocytosis Clean-up and recycling
14
Figure 4.13
Mitochondrion
Outermembrane
Intermembranespace
Innermembrane
Cristae
Matrix
15
Figure 4.14
Chloroplast
Inner andoutermembranes
Stroma
Granum
Thylakoid
16
Figure 4.11A,B
Plants
Protists
17
Figure 4.16
Protein network fibers called cytoskeleton
support cell structure and motility
Nucleus
Nucleus
Fibrous subunits
Actin subunit
Tubulin subunits
10 nm
7 nm
25 nm
Microfilament
Intermediate filament
Microtubule
18
Figure 4.17
Microtubule bundles support movable cell
extensions
19
Figure 4.19
Cells are often linked to polymer networks
(protein and carbohydrate fibers) on the outside
of the cell
20
Figure 4.20
Tight junctionsprevent fluid frommoving between
cells
Tight junction
Anchoringjunction
Gap junction
Plasma membranesof adjacent cells
Extracellular matrix
21
Figure 4.21
Plant cellwalls
Vacuole
Plasmodesmata
Primary cell wall
Secondary cell wall
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm