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Puritanism

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Title: Puritanism


1
Puritanism
-Puritans and puritanism-
2
- Windsor castle -
Windsor castle is situated in the south-east of
England and it is near London. It is the biggest
castle in the world and it has been inhabited for
a lot of years.
With Buckingam Palace it is one of the main
residences of the British monarchy the Queen
Elizabeth II spends here a lot of weekends during
the year and she uses it for civil and private
meetings.
It dates back at the time of William the
Conqueror but in the 17th century it bacame
headquarter of Oliver Cromwell (representative
of the Puritans) and his soldiers. In this period
the castle suffered damages because the soldiers
were underpaied and to escape wars,
the State allowed them to steal castles
treasures.
3
During the period of the Commonwealth the castle
was so described La casa del Re è una baracca
tutti si riuniscono qui, dal fanatico, allo
straccione, allo sguattero, tutti sono al
lavoro... Tutti alloggiano dove possono, nelle
torri e nei gabinetti.
4
Oliver Cromwell
  • Oliver Cromwell was born in 25 April 1599 he
    was
    an English Puritan, best
    known in England as the founder of Commonwealth
    and for his rule as Lord Protector
    of England, Scotland and Ireland.

  • After the execution of King Charles I in
    1649, Cromwell dominated the short-lived
    Commonwealth of England and conquered Ireland and
    Scotland
  • Cromwell made puritanism an essential part
    of his life, but his Commonwealth collapsed after
    his death and the royal family was restored in
    1660.
  • He was elected Member of Parliament for
    Cambridge in the Short and Long Parliaments.
  • He entered the English Civil War on the side
    of the "Roundheads" or Parliamentarians and
    became a key military leader.

5
  • In 1649 he was one of the signatories of
    Charles I's death warrant and was a member of the
    Rump Parliament, which selected him to take
    command of the English campaign in Ireland during
    164950.
  • He led a campaign against the Scottish army
    between 1650 and 1651.
  • On 20 April 1653 he dismissed the Rump
    Parliament by force.
  • Cromwell has been one of the most
    controversial figures in the history of the
    British Isles, considered a regicidal dictator by
    some historians.
  • In a 2002 BBC, Cromwell was elected as one
    of the Top 10 Britons of all time.
    His measures against Catholics in Scotland and
    Ireland have been characterised as genocidal or
    near-genocidal.
  • He died on 3 September 1658 and he was
    buried in Westminster Abbey.

6
The Puritans
  • The Puritans were a large group of English
    Protestants during the 16th and 17th centuries.
  • The word "Puritan was historically used to
    characterize Protestant groups as extremists
    people.
  • Initially, Puritans were mainly concerned
    with religious matters, rather than politics or
    social matters.


  • They had strange views on clerical dress, in
    opposition with that of the episcopal system.

7
  • They largely adopted Sabbatarian views in the
    17th century, and were influenced by
    Millennialism.
  • In alliance with the growing commercial
    world, Puritanism became an important political
    force in England and came to power as a result of
    the First English Civil War.

  • After the English Restoration of 1660 all
    Puritan clergy left the Church of England and
    some of them became nonconformist ministers.
    For this reason
    the nature of the movement in England radically
    changed.

8
  • Puritans felt that the Church of England was
    tolerant of practices which they associated with
    the Catholic Church ? so they identified with
    various religious groups advocating greater
    "purity" of worship and doctrine.
  • During the reign of Elizabeth I, Puritans
    appeared as a reforming movement politically,
    they attempted unsuccessfully to have Parliament
    pass legislation to replace episcopacy with a
    congregational form of churc governance.
  • They held out little hope for those who
    remained attached to "popish superstitions" and
    worldliness
  • ? Puritanism was fundamentally
    anti-Catholic Puritans felt that the Church of
    England was still too close to Catholicism and
    needed to be reformed further.

9
Beliefs
  • There were works of theology written by
    Puritans, but there is no theology that is
    distinctive of Puritans.

  • In the relation of churches to civil power,
    Puritans believed that secular governors were
    accountable to God to protect and reward virtue,
    including "true religion.
  • They opposed the supremacy of the monarch
  • in the church, and argued that
  • the only head of the Church in Heaven and
    Earth
  • was Christ.
  • Puritans appreciated both individual and
    corporate conformity to the teaching of the
    Bible.

10
  • They believed that man existed for the glory
    of God that his first concern in life was to do
    God's will and so to receive future happiness.
  • Puritan reforms were typified by rituals and
    decorations and by an unambiguous emphasis on
    preaching.
  • Calvinists generally believed that the
    worship in the church should be strictly
    regulated by what is commanded in the Bible.
  • They loved simplicity in worship and during
    these ceremonies they were not used to use
    strange vestments, images, candles, and music.
  • They did not celebrate traditional holidays
    which they believed to be in violation of the
    regulative principle.

11
Family and marriage
  • Puritans usually migrated to New England as a
    unit family.
  • Puritan men of the generation of the Great
    Migration believed that a good Puritan wife did
    not linger in Britain a wife had some real
    authority in the family.
  • Puritan marriage choices were influenced by
    young peoples inclination, by parents, and by
    the social rank of the persons involved.
  • Problems between husband and wife could
    terminate marriage.


12
  • Upon finding a suitable match, husband and
    wife in America followed the steps needed to
    legitimize their marriage, including
  • 1) a contract,
    comparable to todays practice of
  • engagement
  • 2) the announcement of
    this contract
  • 3) execution of the
    contract at a church
  • 4) a celebration of the
    event at the home of the groom
  • 5) sexual intercourse.
  • An English Common Law provided that when a
    woman married, should gave all her property to
    her husband and became a feme covert, losing her
    separate civil identity in him.

    Doing this, she accepted her
    role as managing her husbands house and
    educating her children.

13
Puritanism
  • Puritanism was an English and Scottish
    movement of 17th century wich was only based on
    the Bible and wich predicated a strict moral.
  • It was founded after the accession of
    Elizabeth I of England in 1559,
  • as an activist movement within the Church of
    England, but it was subjected to repression,
    under both Elizabeths and James reign.
  • The Puritan movement of Jacobean times became
    distinctive by adaptation and compromise, with
    the emergence of "semi-separatism", "moderate
    puritanism", the writings of William Bradshaw who
    adopted the term "Puritan" as self-identification,
    and the beginnings of Congregationalism.
  • Most Puritans were non-separating and remained
    within the Church of England, and Separatists who
    left the Church of England altogether were
    numerically much fewer.
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