L-19 Part III Era of Great Reforms 5. Revolutionary Movement

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L-19Part III Era of Great Reforms5.
Revolutionary Movement
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A. Themes

1. New soslovie revolutionary caste
2. From ideas to deeds
3. Populism
4. Strategies
5. Terrorism
6. Revolutionary situation, 1879-81
7. Counter-revolutionary state

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C. New Caste Intelligentsia

• Precursors
• New soslovie

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Radicals Social Origins
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Radicals Occupation
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Radicals of 1870s Educational Level
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1. Nihilism of the 1860s

1. Term, meaning
2. Social significance

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2. Theoreticians

1. Herzen Russian agrarian socialism
2. Chernyshevskii Revolutionary action

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Radical TheoreticiansHerzen Bakunin
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New Theoretician N.G. Chernyshevskii
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3. PracticalsProfile

1. Origins and Status
2. Identity New People

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4. Movement

• 1861-65 Proclamationism
• 1865-9 Conspiratorial Revolution
• Ishutin and the Organization
• Nechaev

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Student Radicals at SPB University (at
Kronshtadt) 1861
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Sergei Nechaev
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5. State Response

1. New limits on great reforms
2. Repression generally mild

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Dmitrii Karakozov1866 Arrest, Execution
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Narodnichestvo (populism) of the 1870s

• Etymology
• Politicization

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2. Theoreticians Three Visions

1. Lavrov consciousness
2. Bakunin spontaneity
3. Tkachev consciousness in lieu of spontaneity

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Petr Lavrov
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Mikhail Bakunin Petr Kropotkin
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Petr Tkachev
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1872 Publication of Marxs Kapital
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3. Praktiki Profile

• Age 87 under 30
• Origin 72 non-noble
• Education
• 45 less than secondary education
• 21 no formal education
• 2 illiterate
• Occupation 14 workers
• Gender 15 female

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Radicals Social Origins
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Radicals of 1870s Age Structure
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Radicals of 1870s Educational Level
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4. Movement Phases

1. Preparationism, 1869-73
2. Bakuninism, 1874-5 (to the people)
3. Land and Freedom, 1876-9
4. Peoples Will 1879-81

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Group Photo Populists
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A. V. Dolgushin Leader in Going to the People
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Ippolit Myshkin
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Populist New Attire
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Sofia Perovskaia
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Vera Figner
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Populist Underground Paper Narodnaia Volia
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Arrest of Propagandist
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Assassination of Alexander II
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1881 Assassination of Alexander II
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1886 Sketch Assassination of Alexander II
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5. State Response

1. Administrative measures
2. Increasingly harsh repression

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E. Conclusions

1. Ideology from elitism to peasant idealization
2. No success, but growing cohesion, identity
3. Little popular support
4. Return to elitism in late 1870s