Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory Disorders
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Pleurisy

• Inflammation of the pleura lining of the lungs
• Usually occurs in conjunction with pneumonia and
  other lung infections
• Symptoms
• Sharp, stabbing pain when breathing
• Dyspnea
• Fever

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Thoracentesis

• Insertion of a needle through the thoracic cavity
  and into the pleural cavity to drain fluid
• antibiotics

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Pneumothorax

• Collapsed lung
• Corrected by putting in a chest tube to reinflate
  the lung

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Common Cold

• Contagious viral respiratory infection
• Indirect causes chilling, fatigue, lack of
  proper food, and not enough sleep
• Rx stay in bed, drink warm liquids and fruit
  juice, good nutrition
• Also called an Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

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Bronchitis

• Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the
  trachea and bronchial tubes
• Produces excessive mucus
• May be acute or chronic
• COPD

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Bronchitis

• Acute bronchitis characterized by cough, fever,
  substernal pain and RALES -rhonchi
• Chronic bronchitis middle or old age, cigarette
  smoking most common cause

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Influenza (Flu)

• Viral infection causing inflammation of the mucus
  membranes
• Symptons Fever, mucopurulent discharge,
  muscular pain, extreme exhaustion
• Complications pneumonia, neuritis, otitis media
  and pleurisy
• Rx treat the symptons

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Pneumonia

• Infection of the lung
• Can be caused by bacteria or virus
• Alveoli fill with exudate (pus like drainage)
• Symptons chest pain, fever, chills, and dyspnea
• Rx O2 and antibiotics if caused by bacteria

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Tuberculosis (TB)

• Very infectious lung disease
• Cause Myobacterium tuberculosis (a tubercle
  bacillus)
• May also affect kidneys, bones, and lymph
• Tubercles (lesions) form in the lungs

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Tuberculosis (TB) Symptoms

• Cough
• Low grade fever in the afternoon
• Weight loss
• Night sweat
• INH OR RIFAMPIN DRUGS-FOR ONE YEAR

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Tuberculosis

• Diagnosis Mantous Test (skin test)
• If skin test positive follow up with chest
  X-ray and sputum sample
• RX INH for one year

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Tuberculosis Game

• Go to this website and play this computer game
  about tuberculosis
• nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/tubercul
  osis/

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Diptheria

• Rare infectious disease
• Cause Corynebacterium diphtheria
• Prevented by a childhood vaccine
• Spread by nasal droplets
• The bacteria release a toxin, which can produce
  nerve paralysis and heart failure
• The infection causes a severe sore throat with
  swollen glands.
• The patient is infectious for up to 2 weeks and
  about 1 in 15 patients will die.

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Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

• Caused by the Bordetella bacterium
• Symptoms Severe coughing attacks that end in a
  whooping sound and dyspnea
• Childhood vaccine to prevent this disease
• Can last 6 weeks to several months
• Coughing attacks worse at night

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Asthma

• Inflammatory airway obstruction
• Caused by an allergen or psychological stress
• 5 of Americans have asthma
• CAN BE EXERCISED INDUCED

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Asthma

• Symptoms
• Difficulty Exhaling
• Dyspnea
• Wheezing-HIGH PITCHED BREATHING
• Tightness in chest

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Asthma

• Rx anti-inflammatory drugs and inhaled
  bronchodilator

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Silicosis

• Cause breathing dust containing silicon dioxide
  over a long period of time
• Lungs become fibrosed, reduced ability to expand

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

• Describes chronic lung conditions, especiailly
  empysema and chronic bronchitis
• 15 million Americans suffer from COPD
• 90 attributed to smoking

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Emphysema

• Alveoli becomdes dilated, lose their elasticity,
  cant rebound/REINFLATE
• May eventually rupture
• Air becomes trapped, cant exhale froced
  exhalation required
• Reduced exchange of O2 and CO2-barrel chested
• Dyspnea increases as desease progresses.

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Suddent Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

• Also known as crib death
• Usually between 2 weeks to 1 year
• Leading cause of death for children from birth to
  1yr.
• Cause unknown
• Rx sleep monitor

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• Apnea not breathing
• Dsypnea difficult or painful breathing
• Tachypnea fast breathing
• Hyperpnea exaggerated deep labored breathing as
  seen after exercise
• Bradypnea-slow breathing
• Orthopnea difficulty breathing in laying
  flat.sit straight up to breathe
• Hyperventilation fast, shallow breathing
• Rales noisy , moist breathing-fluid in lungs

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To Be Continued.
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